The Use of Stomatal Chloroplast Number for Rapid Determination of Ploidy Level in Maize   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

I. Ho    Y. Wan    J. M. Widholm  A. L. Rayburn 《Plant Breeding》1990,105(3):203-210

The usefulness of using the chloroplast number in epidermal guard cells as an indirect ploidy indicator was evaluated on seed-grown and tissue culture-derived maize plants. For seed-grown plants, two maize genotypes (B89 and R75) which had both diploid and tetraploid seeds available were used as experimental materials. The ploidy levels of seed-grown plants were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of nuclear suspensions from these plants. For regenerated plants, haploid and diploid levels were examined and the ploidy levels of these plants were determined by chromosome counts of cells from root tips. A positive relationship between the chloroplast number and ploidy level was observed for both seed-grown and regenerated plants. The stomatal guard cells of tetraploid plants had nearly double the number of chloroplasts as the diploid plants. Similar results were found from the regenerated plants. The differences in the mean chloroplast number between diploid and tetraploid seed-grown plants and between haploid and diploid regenerated plants were highly significant. The results of this study demonstrate that counting chloroplasts in guard cells can be an efficient means of screening a large number of plants for ploidy levels. In addition, this study suggests the possibilities of using this method for detecting contaminated seed lots by different ploidy seed and for distinguishing plants of different genotypes.  相似文献   

Polyembryony in species of the genus Allium     

C.-E. Specht  A. Meister  E.R.J. Keller  L. Korzun  A. Börner 《Euphytica》2001,121(1):37-44

Polyembryony has been detected in 26 Allium species during a series of germination tests. Additionally to those species already known for their polyembryonic tendency, high rates (up to 32%) of twin seedlings have been found in A. splendens and some other species. Genotype effects were obvious between several accessions within the species A. tuberosum. In A. tuberosum, enzymatic embryo sac isolation has been used for demonstration of polyembryonic development in early stages. Genotype and ploidy dependence of the polyembryonic process and ploidy alterations in plants derived from polyembryony are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Ploidy races in Actinidia chinensis   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yan Guijun  A. R. Ferguson  M. A. McNeilage 《Euphytica》1994,78(3):175-183

Summary Ploidy levels were examined in 26 accessions of Actinidia chinensis: 20 accessions were diploid (2n=2x=58) and 6 accessions were tetraploid (2n=4x=116). There was no evidence of variation in ploidy level within an accession. Our results are consistent with tetraploid A. chinensis coming from a restricted part of China.Interploid crosses within A. chinensis produced only low numbers of seedlings which were mainly triploid. Crossing hexaploid A. deliciosa with pollen of tetraploid A. chinensis produced a large family of plants and those checked were pentaploid.Counts on 83 genotypes of different ploidy levels (2x, 3x, 4x, and 5x) confirmed that the basic chromosome number in Actinidia is 29.  相似文献   

The importance of Endosperm Balance Number in potato breeding and the evolution of tuber-bearing Solanum species     

Rodomiro Ortiz  Mark K. Ehlenfeldt 《Euphytica》1992,60(2):105-113

Summary Endosperm failure is considered the primary reason for the lack of success in intra-and interspecific crosses. The Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) hypothesis is a unifying concept for predicting endosperm function in intraspecific, interploidy, and interspecific crosses. In the EBN system, every species has an effective ploidy (EBN), which must be in a 2:1 maternal to paternal ratio in the endosperm for crosses to succeed. The knowledge of EBN is very useful in the transfer of genes from exotic germplasm, and in the development of new breeding schemes in potato. The paper describes the strategies for introducing 2x(1EBN), 2x(2EBN), 4x(2EBN) and 6x(4EBN) germplasm into the cultivated 4x(4EBN) potato gene pool. A new methodology for producing 4x(4EBN) and 2x(2EBN) chromosome addition lines is also discussed. EBN has evolutionary importance in the origin of tuber-bearing Solanums. The role of the EBN in the origin of diploid and polyploid potato species, and as a barrier for hybridization and speciation of sympatric species within the same ploidy level is demonstrated. The origin of 3x and 5x cultivated tuber-bearing Solanums may also be explained using the EBN concept. EBN has been reported to exist in other plant species: alfalfa, beans, blueberries, rice, soybeans, squashes, tomato, forage legumes, grasses, ornamentals and Datura stramonium. This indicates that EBN may have broad application and could be useful for germplasm transfer and breeding in other crop species.  相似文献   

Towards breeding of triploid chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) – Ploidy variation within German chamomile of various origins          下载免费PDF全文

Lars‐Gernot Otto  Wolfram R. Junghanns  Andreas Plescher  Marlis Sonnenschein  Timothy F. Sharbel 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):485-493

German chamomile is an important medical plant with a long history of usage and a wide range of medical applications. Wild forms are diploid, whereas cultivated ones are diploid and tetraploid. Ploidy level variation within 15 origins (varieties, accessions, populations) of chamomile was investigated. Both naturally occurring triploids and those induced through directed crosses between diploid and tetraploid parents were identified and analysed, and these data could facilitate the exploitation of triploidy in chamomile as in other crop plants (fruit and ornamental plants).  相似文献   

The hematology of diploid and triploid transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)     

A.T. Cogswell  T.J. Benfey  A.M. Sutterlin 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,24(4):271-277

This study examined the erythrocyte height/length, hematocrit, total blood hemoglobin concentration and mean cellular hemoglobin content of diploid and triploid transgenic and non-transgenic Atlantic salmon, to clarify the interaction between metabolic rate and hematology in these fish. Triploid erythrocytes were significantly longer and proportionately thinner than diploid erythrocytes for both genotypes. These morphological differences gave triploid erythrocytes an elliptical appearance with the width being ∼53% of the length, whereas diploid erythrocytes tended to be more rounded with the width being ∼62% of the length. As well, diploid and triploid transgenic erythrocytes were significantly shorter and thinner (P<0.0001) than their non-transgenic counterparts. Although not significant, observations using a Channelized Coulter Counter showed that transgenic erythrocytes tended to be higher in count and smaller in volume than non-transgenic erythrocytes of the same ploidy. Transgenics likely produce erythrocytes with higher surface area to volume ratio in response to their elevated metabolic rates. No other major hematological differences were observed between transgenics and non-transgenics of the same ploidy. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Geographic distribution and genetic resources of Dactylis in Galicia (northwest Spain)     

R. Lindner  A. Garcia 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1997,44(6):499-507

Three Dactylis glomerata subspecies can occur in Galicia (Spain): subsp. glomerata, subsp. izcoi and subsp. marina. The second includes diploid and tetraploid populations adapted to acid soils. The third subspecies comprises natural tetraploid populations mainly on sea cliffs, with high digestibility. Dactylis taxonomy is difficult due to the existence of different ploidy levels and to free hybridization at the tetraploid level. This difficulty increases in Galicia, where there is a rich flora with relics and hybrids. The advance of human technology makes necessary the collection of natural Dactylis resources. In this paper, Dactylis distribution in Galicia is described. Tetraploid populations from subsp. izcoi have a wider ecological range than diploids (Galician diploid). These diploids and the subsp. marina are more widespread than formerly recognized. Morphologically, subsp. glomerata and izcoi are more similar than hitherto reported. It is suggested that the subspecies are adapted ecotypes which hybridize. They are useful genetic resources for pasciculture on acid soils and agroforestry.  相似文献   

Ploidy variation in the cultivated yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-Dioscorea rotundata complex) from Cameroon as determined by flow cytometry     

A. Dansi  H.D. Mignouna  M. Pillay  S. Zok 《Euphytica》2001,119(3):301-307

The ploidy levels of the twenty-two yam (Dioscorea cayenensis-D. rotundata complex) cultivars within germplasm Cameroon Guinea yam were determined by flow cytometry. Three different ploidy levels (4x,6x, 8x) were detected within the samples analysed. Fifteen cultivars were tetraploids, five were hexaploids, and two were octoploids. The cultivar group EKOTO showed a high level of ploidy variation with tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid cultivars. The hexaploid nature of cultivars Dobnawo and Bilougnou supported the hypothesis that they are hybrids between cultivars of the EKOTO group and either the KPE or BAKOKAE groups. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

（南京航空航天大学英文学报）征稿简则     

黄晓梅  李桂英  梁艳  陈典 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(1):F003-F003

采用大葱茎尖分生组织直接成苗及分化丛生苗、茎盘诱导愈伤组织培养再生植株,通过染色体压片,对大葱愈伤组织及幼苗染色体数目变化进行了研究。结果表明,茎尖分生组织培养的幼苗及丛生苗遗传稳定,其染色体未发生倍性变异,均为2n=16;愈伤组织及其再生苗遗传稳定性较差,愈伤组织染色体数变异率为43.4％.其中单倍体占6.7％、三倍体占2.5％、四倍体占10％、五倍体占4.2％、六倍体占3.3％、七倍体占4.2％、八倍体占3.3％、非整倍体占9.2％;愈伤组织分化苗染色体变异率为11.7％,其中单倍体占6.7％,三倍体占1.7％,四倍体占3.3％。  相似文献   

荔枝花药胚性愈伤组织诱导及倍性检测   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

梅新易干军  蔡礼鸿 《热带农业科学》2006,26(3):11-14

探讨了影响荔枝花药胚性愈伤组织诱导的因素,通过2,4-D、KT、NAA三因子的正交试验筛选出荔枝花药胚性愈伤组织诱导的最佳植物生长调节剂组合为2.0mg/L2,4-D 2.0mg/LKT。在探讨不同基因型对诱导率影响的基础上,利用流式细胞仪对不同基因型胚性愈伤组织进行了倍性检测。结果表明,不同基因型荔枝花药胚性愈伤组织诱导率存在显著差异,胚性愈伤组织倍性检测结果也不同。  相似文献