油菜菌核病生防芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其脂肽化合物分析   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

薛鹏琦  刘芳  乔俊卿  伍辉军  冯致科  高学文 《植物保护学报》2011,38(2):127-132

采用平板拮抗筛选,分别从西藏日喀则地区和拉萨地区杂草根围土壤中筛选到2个对油菜菌核病菌有显著拮抗活性的芽孢杆菌菌株RJGP16和YBWC43。通过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和BOX-PCR指纹图谱分析,鉴定菌株RJGP16为萎缩芽孢杆菌Bacillus atrophaeus, 菌株YBWC43为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。离体叶片试验结果显示,菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病菌防治效果分别为50.24%和100.00%。脂肽化合物种类分析显示,菌株RJGP16产生脂肽化合物表面活性素和芬枯草菌素,菌株YBWC43产生杆菌霉素D和芬枯草菌素。表明菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病的防治效果与其产生的脂肽化合物有关。  相似文献   

草莓褐色轮斑病病原鉴定及室内药效研究*     

吴金平  郑芳圆 《植物保护》2011,37(6):172-176

草莓褐色轮斑病近年越来越严重,尤其在草莓育苗阶段。从草莓发病叶片、匍匐茎上分离得到病原菌,对病原菌进行形态特征观察、生物学特性研究、ITS序列分析以及室内药效试验。结果表明：该病原菌为Sphaeronaemella fragariae。该菌菌丝生长最适温度范围是25～28 ℃;适宜pH为6;在供试的几种碳、氮源中,最适的碳源是蔗糖,最适的氮源是酵母浸出液。在供试的9种药剂中,以咪鲜胺1 000倍液对病菌的抑制作用最好。  相似文献   

7株解有机磷细菌的分离和鉴定   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李繁  涂然  陈三凤 《农业生物技术学报》2006,14(4):600-605

从土壤中分离筛选出7株解有机磷的微生物。对这7株解磷细菌进行了形态、生理生化性状测定及16SrDNA序列分析(GenBankaccessionNo:S2,AY651922;S3,AY661923;X1,AY651925;Y1,AY651924;H1,AY663435;H2,AY663436andHe,AY663436)。其中S2、S3、X1和He属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),Y1属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),H1属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),H2属于寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)。进一步通过G C含量和DNA-DNA杂交研究,结果表明,S2、S3和X1为产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonasalcaligenes),Y1为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)。  相似文献   

沙田柚黄龙病病原16S rDNA片段的克隆与序列分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

冯震  单振菊  周根  邓晓玲 《广西农业生物科学》2006,25(2):107-111

采集田间表现斑驳症状的沙田柚叶脉,用CTAB法提取总DNA。根据柑橘黄龙病病原16S rDNA的核苷酸序列设计引物P1/P2,进行PCR扩增,获得1条大小为1 167 bp的片段。酶切分析显示,该片段可被切成大小分别约为640 bp和520 bp的2个片段。扩增产物经纯化,与pM D 18-T V ector连接,转化大肠杆菌(E scherich ia coli)DH 5α,筛选克隆重组子。对PCR产物进行测序及序列分析,结果表明,与柑橘黄龙病病原亚洲种16S rDNA的同源性为99%,与非洲种的同源性为97%,与美洲种的同源性为96%。认为,沙田柚的斑驳症状是由黄龙病病原引致的,称之为沙田柚黄龙病。该沙田柚黄龙病病原属于柑橘黄龙病病原亚洲种(L iberobacter as iaticus)中的一个成员。系统进化树分析显示,沙田柚黄龙病病原与中国柑橘黄龙病病原亲缘关系最近,推测是直接来自中国柑橘黄龙病病原。  相似文献   

Molecular Monitoring of SRB Community Structure and Dynamics in Batch Experiments to Examine the Applicability of in situ Precipitation of Heavy Metals for Groundwater Remediation (15 pp)     

Joke Geets  Brigitte Borremans  Jaco Vangronsveld  Ludo Diels  Dani?l van der Lelie 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2005,5(3):149-163

Background, Aims and Scope   Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are known for their capacity to reduce and precipitate heavy metals (HM) as metal sulfides, offering the opportunity to create an in situ reactive zone for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated groundwater, a process called in situ metal precipitation (ISMP). The applicability of the ISMP technology first has to be investigated at a laboratory scale before going into an on site application. The evaluation and optimization of the ISMP process is facilitated when physical/chemical analysis techniques are combined with molecular tools that specifically monitor the abundance, diversity and dynamics of the indigenous sulfate reducing microbial community. In this study, batch experiments were conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of ISMP as a groundwater remediation strategy for an industrial site contaminated with elevated levels of Zn, Cd, Co and Ni. Methods   The potential of different types of carbon source/ electron donor (lactate, acetate, methanol, ethanol, Hydrogen Release Compound?, molasses) to stimulate the sulfate reduction and metal precipitation activity of the naturally present (or indigenous) SRB community was explored. In addition, the effect of amending vitamin B12 and yeast extract was evaluated. The ISMP process was monitored by combining analytical analyzes of process parameters (SO42-concentration, heavy metal concentrations, pH, Eh) with molecular tools such as SRB subgroup and genus specific PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and phylogenetic analysis of clone sequences, based on either the 16S rRNA or the dsr (dissimilatory sulfite reductase) gene. Results and Discussion   The efficiency of different carbon-sources to stimulate the ISMP process followed the order HRC 〉 molasses 〉 methanol 〉 lactate 〉 ethanol 〉 acetate. Within 10 weeks, the highest sulfate and metal removal efficiencies ranged from 85% to 99%. Addition of yeast extract boosted the ISMP process, whereas vitamin B12 negligibly affected SRB activity. Analysis of the sulfate reducing population by SRB subgroup and genus specific PCR demonstrated that members of the genus Desulfosporosinus dominated in all batch tests, while 16S rDNA DGGE profiles additionally revealed the presence in the microbial communities of non-sulfate reducing bacteria within the family Clostridium and the -proteobacteria. The dsrB-based DGGE profiles allowed us to assess the diversity and dynamics of the sulfate reducing community and added to a better understanding of the effects of different batch conditions on the ISMP process. Remarkably, all dsrB sequences affiliated with the dsrB gene sequence cluster found in Desulfotomaculum, which received their xenologous dsrB gene from the -proteobacteria. Conclusions   The batch experiments, which aimed at stimulating the activities of the indigenous SRB communities, demonstrated that these communities were present and that their activities could be used to obtain efficient in situ precipitation of the contaminating heavy metals. This opens the possibility to test this concept in the future as an on site demonstration as part of the groundwater strategy for the heavy metal contaminated site. Although batch setups are suitable for preliminary feasibility studies for ISMP, they do not reflect the in situ situation where sulfate and heavy metal and metalloid polluted groundwater are supplied continuously. A sulfate reducing strain JG32A was isolated from whose 16S rRNA gene affiliated with the genus Desulfosporosinus, while its dsrB gene sequence clustered with Desulfotomaculum dsrB gene sequences, which received their xenologous dsr genes from -proteobacteria. Therefore we hypothesize that the batch experiments enrich members of the Desulfosporosinus genus that possess a non-orthologous dsrB gene. Recommendation and Perspective   The next step towards an on site pilot test for ISMP will be the setup of a series of column experiments, with process conditions that are selected based on the above mentioned results. This will allow to define optimal ISMP process conditions and to test its long-term efficacy and sustainability before going into an on site bioremediation application. By applying the described molecular tools together with physical-chemical analyzes, it can be investigated whether the same SRB community is enriched and which type of C-source is most effective in promoting and sustaining its growth and sulfate-reduction activity.  相似文献   

The origin of the A genome donor of wheats (Triticum: Poaceae) – a perspective based on the sequence variation of the 5S DNA gene units     

Bernard R. Baum  L. Grant Bailey 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(2):183-196

In a prior study on the haplomes of wheat using the 5S rRNA gene we assigned the long A1 and short A1 unit classes to the A haplome in the diploid T. monococcum. The short A1 unit class is absent in the tetraploids T. turgidum and T. timopheevii and in the hexaploid T. aestivum, although present in the hexaploid T. zhukovskyi. Both T. turgidum and T. aestivum contained a different 5S DNA unit class labeled the short A2.The purpose of this paper was to study the short A2 units in the two diploid species to shed light on the theory that the A haplome donor of T. turgidum and T. aestivum was T. urartu. Fifty eight clones were obtained from 12 accessions, sequenced and analyzed. As expected T. baeoticum, which is often classified as a subspecies of T. monococcum, contained the long A1 and the short A1 5S DNA units. Unexpectedly, T. urartu had the long A1 and the short G1 unit classes instead and other units not found so far in Triticum. These findings support the hypothesis that the donor of the A genome in T. zhukovskyi was T. monococcum, as identified by the short A1 units. However, the short A1 units are absent in T. timopheevii, also a carrier of the A genome. The short G1 units found in T. urartu also identify it as a possible donor of the G genome to T. timopheevii. The short G1 units were also found in T. aestivum in our prior study. The long G1 unit class was not found in T. urartu but reported from T. timopheevii and T. zhukovskyi. The implications of these and related findings on the evolution of wheats are discussed.  相似文献   

Wood ash fertilization alters the forest humus Archaea community     

Kim Yrjälä  Riikka Katainen  Ulla Saarela  Martin Romantschuk 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(1):199-201

The combined and separate effects of Cd and wood ash on Archaea from coniferous forest humus were studied in a microcosm experiment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the denaturing gradient gel analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 0.9 kb 16S ribosomal DNA fragments revealed changes in archaeal communities due to the ash treatments. Cd with or without ash did not further influence the result. Representatives of the ash and control communities were cloned, grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and finally sequenced. All sequences belonged to non-thermophilic Crenarchaea.  相似文献   

指纹图谱技术在动物肠道微生物多样性研究中的应用     

赵小刚  谭支良  汤少勋  孙志洪 《广西农业生物科学》2007,26(4):350-355

随着分子生物技术的发展,不可培养微生物多样性研究的难题得到了解决。肠道微生物处于特殊的生态环境条件下,分子生物学技术的应用使得肠道微生物多样性的研究进入了一个崭新的阶段。本文主要介绍了基于16S rRNA基因片段的一些肠道微生物研究工作中常用的分子生物学分析方法,主要包括变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),温度梯度凝胶电泳(TGGE),单链构象多态性(SSCP),限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP),放大片断长度多态性(AFLP)和随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)等指纹图谱技术。  相似文献   

半滑舌鳎腹水症病原的分离鉴定     

徐晓丽  尤宏争  宋昀鹏  钟文慧  李贺密 《东北农业大学学报》2015,(3):74-80

从患病半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)内脏及腹水中分离到优势菌株8301,回归感染试验证实菌株8301对半滑舌鳎具有致病性;采用形态学观察、生化特性分析、16S rDNA基因序列分析等方法对所分离菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,菌株8301为革兰氏阳性球菌,生化特性与海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)较为接近,以16S rDNA基因为遗传标记构建系统发育树将菌株8301与海豚链球菌聚为一支,置信度为96%。结果判定引起此次半滑舌鳎腹水病的病原菌为海豚链球菌。对24种抗菌药物敏感性分析试验证实菌株8301对制霉菌素、利福平、青霉素、阿奇霉素等敏感,对罗红霉素、呋喃唑酮等具有抗性。  相似文献   

黄河鲤鱼源维氏气单胞菌的分离·鉴定及药敏试验     

王家祯  耿昕颖  朱世馨  董文龙  贾小营  单晓枫  高云航 《安徽农业科学》2015,(19):104-106

[目的]为研究鲤鱼感染细菌性疾病及其临床合理用药提供理论依据.[方法]从吉林省某水产养殖场患病黄河鲤鱼的脾脏中分离致病菌,并通过常规生理生化试验、16S rDNA序列分析对其进行鉴定.应用微量稀释法测定11种抗生素药物对其最小抑菌浓度.[结果]从患病鲤鱼的脾脏中成功分离到1株优势菌.该优势菌为革兰氏染色阴性杆菌,通过序列比对将其鉴定为维氏气单胞菌.动物回归试验表明该菌株可使黄河鲤发生死亡.药敏试验结果表明该病原菌对磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类药物不同程度耐药,而对氯霉素类药物、恩诺沙星较为敏感,对强力霉素中介.[结论]该研究结果可为鲤鱼源维氏气单胞菌的防治提供科学依据.  相似文献