梅花快速实生选育新品种技术初探     

晏晓兰  程汉武  易明翾 《北京林业大学学报》2012,(Z1):210-212

从实生苗的变异植株中选育优良新品种是目前培育梅花新品种的主要方法,但存在周期长、效率低的弊端。拟通过多年育种实践,探索实生选育梅花新品种更为快捷、有效的技术,为今后相关工作提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Characterization of near-isogenic lines carrying QTL for high spikelet number with the genetic background of an indica rice variety IR64 (Oryza sativa L.)     

Daisuke Fujita  Analiza G. Tagle  Leodegario A. Ebron  Yoshimichi Fukuta  Nobuya Kobayashi 《Breeding Science》2012,62(1):18-26

Total spikelet number per panicle (TSN) is one of the most important traits associated with rice yield potential. This trait was assessed in a set of 334 chromosomal segment introgression lines (ILs: BC₃-derived lines), developed from new plant type (NPT) varieties as donor parents and having the genetic background of an indica-type rice variety IR64. Among the 334 ILs, five lines which had different donor parents and showed significantly higher TSN than IR64 were used for genetic analysis. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted using F₂ populations derived from crosses between IR64 and these ILs. As a result, a QTL for high TSN (one from each NPT donor variety) was detected on common region of the long arm of chromosome 4. The effect of the QTL was confirmed by an increase in TSN of five near-isogenic lines (NILs) developed in the present study. The variation in TSN was found among these NILs, attributing to the panicle architecture in the numbers of primary, secondary and tertiary branches. The NILs for TSN and the SSR markers linked to the TSN QTLs are expected to be useful materials for research and breeding to enhance the yield potential of rice varieties.  相似文献   

Effects on flowering and seed yield of dominant alleles at maturity loci E2 and E3 in a Japanese cultivar,Enrei     

Tetsuya Yamada  Makita Hajika  Naohiro Yamada  Kaori Hirata  Akinori Okabe  Nobuhiko Oki  Koji Takahashi  Kousuke Seki  Katsunori Okano  Yoichi Fujita  Akito Kaga  Takehiko Shimizu  Takashi Sayama  Masao Ishimoto 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):653-660

‘Enrei’ is the second leading variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Japan. Its cultivation area is mainly restricted to the Hokuriku region. In order to expand the adaptability of ‘Enrei’, we developed two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of ‘Enrei’ for the dominant alleles controlling late flowering at the maturity loci, E2 and E3, by backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. The resultant NILs and the original variety were evaluated for flowering, maturity, seed productivity and other agronomic traits in five different locations. Expectedly, NILs with E2 or E3 alleles flowered later than the original variety in most locations. These NILs produced comparatively larger plants in all locations. Seed yields were improved by E2 and E3 in the southern location or in late-sowing conditions, whereas the NIL for E2 exhibited almost the same or lower productivity in the northern locations due to higher degrees of lodging. Seed quality-related traits, such as 100-seed weight and protein content, were not significantly different between the original variety and its NILs. These results suggest that the modification of genotypes at maturity loci provides new varieties that are adaptive to environments of different latitudes while retaining almost the same seed quality as that of the original.  相似文献   

基于毛细管电泳技术的牡丹SRAP-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选     

史倩倩  王雁  周琳  黄国伟 《江西农业大学学报》2012,(1):158-164

以牡丹叶片DNA为模板,对SRAP-PCR反应程序进行研究,确定适合的反应程序,即94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,33℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,共5个循环;随后94℃变性1 min,52℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,共35个循环;最后72℃延伸10 min。基于毛细管电泳技术,采用正交设计L18(37)对牡丹SRAP-PCR反应体系的5因素(Taq酶,Mg2+,模板DNA,dNTP,引物)3个水平进行了优化,构建了牡丹SRAP最佳反应体系:模板DNA 50 ng,dNTP 0.25 mmol/L,Mg2+浓度2.5 mmol/L,引物浓度0.4μmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶0.5 U,总体积为25μL。各因素对扩增结果影响程度均不同:dNTPs>引物>DNA模板>Mg2+>Taq酶。运用该体系从756个SRAP引物组合中筛选出多态性好、条带清晰的26个引物组合,并证明了该体系稳定可靠。该体系的建立以及引物组合的确定为今后利用SRAP分子技术进行牡丹的相关研究奠定了科学基础。  相似文献   

广东省自然保护区生态旅游问题探讨     

徐正春  罗思琦  屈家树  吴自华  丛艳国  先锋 《西南林业大学学报》2012,(2):73-79

通过实地调研的方法,采取资料收集、实地典型调查、座谈讨论、问卷调查等形式共调查广东省20个各类自然保护区,基本掌握了广东省自然保护区生态旅游资源状况和生态旅游现状,分析了广东省自然保护区开展生态旅游的重要性和必要性、有利条件以及存在的主要问题等,在此基础上,提出广东省自然保护区开展生态旅游的具体建议。  相似文献   

茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源调查研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

窦全丽  李凤华  张仁波  邓坦  何林 《北方园艺》2012,(4):87-91

采用野外调查、标本采集和文献查阅统计分析法,对茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源进行了调查研究和分类总结。共发现种子植物101科、279属、411种。根据用途将茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源分为:药用植物资源、观赏植物资源、食用植物资源、材用植物资源、工业植物资源、保护和改造环境植物资源六大类十六小类。并对茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源开发利用提出建议。  相似文献   

佛坪自然保护区濒危野生动物救护案例启示     

曹芳  李杰  曹庆 《陕西林业科技》2012,(6)

通过对佛坪国家自然保护区大熊猫、羚牛、金雕等3种濒危珍稀动物野外救护案例分析,提出了秦岭地区自然保护区濒危珍稀动物保护、救护方略。  相似文献   

LDSO: a program to simulate pedigrees and molecular information under various evolutionary forces     

F Ytournel  S Teyssèdre  D Roldan  M Erbe  H Simianer  D Boichard  H Gilbert  T Druet  A Legarra 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2012,129(5):417-421

Simulations are a major tool to evaluate new statistical methods and optimize experimental designs in the genomic era. However, this can only be achieved when the simulations are close enough to reality, as well as diverse enough to be realistic. For mapping studies, it is thus critical to re-create as much as possible the forces generating linkage (mutation, random drift, changes in population sizes, selection and pedigree structure) and the mechanisms producing trait genetic architecture (additivity, dominance, epistasis). We present here a computer program (ldso) simulating these phenomena. Optional outputs provide statistics on the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure and the identity by descent between chromosomal segments, facilitating further data analyses. Furthermore, ldso enables the simulation of genomic data in known pedigrees, which sticks as precisely as possible to recent population history and structures of the long-range LD, allowing optimization of fine-mapping strategies.  相似文献   

Genomic selection strategies in dairy cattle: Strong positive interaction between use of genotypic information and intensive use of young bulls on genetic gain     

Buch LH  Sørensen MK  Berg P  Pedersen LD  Sørensen AC 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2012,129(2):138-151

We tested the following hypotheses: (i) breeding schemes with genomic selection are superior to breeding schemes without genomic selection regarding annual genetic gain of the aggregate genotype (ΔG(AG) ), annual genetic gain of the functional traits and rate of inbreeding per generation (ΔF), (ii) a positive interaction exists between the use of genotypic information and a short generation interval on ΔG(AG) and (iii) the inclusion of an indicator trait in the selection index will only result in a negligible increase in ΔG(AG) if genotypic information about the breeding goal trait is known. We examined four breeding schemes with or without genomic selection and with or without intensive use of young bulls using pseudo-genomic stochastic simulations. The breeding goal consisted of a milk production trait and a functional trait. The two breeding schemes with genomic selection resulted in higher ΔG(AG) , greater contributions of the functional trait to ΔG(AG) and lower ΔF than the two breeding schemes without genomic selection. Thus, the use of genotypic information may lead to more sustainable breeding schemes. In addition, a short generation interval increases the effect of using genotypic information on ΔG(AG) . Hence, a breeding scheme with genomic selection and with intensive use of young bulls (a turbo scheme) seems to offer the greatest potential. The third hypothesis was disproved as inclusion of genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) for an indicator trait in the selection index increased ΔG(AG) in the turbo scheme. Moreover, it increased the contribution of the functional trait to ΔG(AG) , and it decreased ΔF. Thus, indicator traits may still be profitable to use even when GEBV for the breeding goal traits are available.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a multi-line broiler chicken population using a single-step genomic evaluation procedure     

Simeone R  Misztal I  Aguilar I  Vitezica ZG 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2012,129(1):3-10

Effects on prediction of analysing a multi-line chicken population as one line were evaluated. Body weight records were provided by Cobb-Vantress for two lines of broiler chickens. Phenotypic records for 183 695 and 164 149 broilers and genotypic records for 3195 and 3001 broilers were available for each line. Lines were combined to create a multi-line population and analysed using a single-step procedure combining the additive relationship matrix and the genomic relationship matrix (G). G was scaled using allele frequencies from each line, the multi-line population, or 0.5. When allele frequencies were calculated from each line, distributions of diagonal elements were bimodal. When allele frequencies were calculated from the multi-line population, the distribution of diagonal elements had one peak. When allele frequency 0.5 was used, the distribution was bimodal. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were predicted using each allele frequency. GEBVs differed with allele frequency but had ≥ 0.99 correlations with GEBVs predicted with correct allele frequencies. Means of each line and differences in mean between the lines differed based on allele frequencies. Assumed allele frequencies have little impact on ranking within line but larger impact on ranking across lines. G may be used to evaluate multiple populations simultaneously but must be adjusted to obtain properly scaled estimates when population structure is unknown.  相似文献