乳状分散松香胶的研制和试产   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

丁礼金  叶青 《林产化学与工业》1996,16(2):63-68

对乳状分散松香胶制备工艺：分散体选择和用量、乳化温度、转相温度、助剂进行了研究，并在此基础上进行了试产，制得效果较好的产品．  相似文献   

Effect of shoot size and phenological variation of host plants on the spatial patterns of cynipid galls     

Masato Ito  Naoki Hijii 《Journal of Forest Research》2001,6(3):147-151

The effects of shoot size and differences in budburst phenology ofQuercus serrata trees on the spatial patterns of galls were investigated for two cynipid species: the sexual generation ofAndricus moriokae and the agamic generation ofAphelonyx glanduliferae. There were marked differences in budburst phenology, but these did not affect the gall density on the tree. The galls of both cynipids showed a contagious distribution in their respective trees, but different abundance patterns under high gall density. The mean number of galls ofA. glanduliferae over a shoot size range was positively correlated with shoot size. More galls ofA. moriokae appeared on larger shoots on trees on which many buds had started growing before oviposition by the agamic adults. In the case of a tree on which a few buds had burst by the time of oviposition, the mean numbers ofA. moriokae galls on shoots of particular size ranges depended on the frequency of shoots in the size class. These results suggest that, although these cynipids prefer to attack larger shoots within a host tree, they may exhibit plasticity in their preference in response to changes in budburst phenology of the host plant relative to the time of oviposition.  相似文献   

湿地松子代测定中合适家系大小及小区大小的探讨          下载免费PDF全文

赵奋成  李宪政  何礼华  陈孝英 《林业科学研究》1993,6(5):573-578

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Application of cationic polymer prepared from sulfuric acid lignin as a retention aid for usual rosin sizes to neutral papermaking   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yasuyuki?MatsushitaEmail author  Ayuko?Iwatsuki  Seiichi?Yasuda 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(6):540-544

Cationic polymers that acted as the retention aids for usual rosin sizes in neutral papermaking were prepared from sulfuric acid lignin (SAL), one type of acid lignin. To convert SAL to the cationic polymer (MP-SAL), SAL was phenolated and then treated by the Mannich reaction to introduce the amino groups. In the MP-SAL single system, MP-SAL exhibited high sizing effectiveness in neutral papermaking with the rosin emulsion size. However, MP-SAL showed no sizing effectiveness when soap rosin size was used. MP-SAL showed increased sizing effectiveness as the pK _a of the introduced amino group increased. From this and comparison of the sizing degrees of MP-SAL and polyethylenimine, which possesses a linear structure, it was suggested that the sizing effectiveness was not only affected by the charge density and molecular weight, but also by the basicity of the introduced amino groups and the molecular structure of the retention aid. In the alum–MP-SAL dual system, alum and MP-SAL synergistically enhanced the sizing effectiveness in the rosin emulsion sizing at neutral pH. In turn, this allowed a decrease in the MP-SAL dosage and resulted in a small decrease in brightness.Part of this report was presented at the 48th Lignin Symposium, October 2003, Fukui  相似文献   

平原地区杨树人工林阳性冠幅与胸径关系的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

时明芝  李桂兰 《林业资源管理》2006,(2):71-73,87

通过对100株中林46杨树人工林的调查,研究了平原地区杨树人工林阳性冠幅与胸径之间的关系。结果表明:两者之间存在着相当紧密的线性相关关系,其相关线性模型为y=-2.254+0.432x,相关系数为0.9043。  相似文献   

Spatial patterns in mixed coniferous even-aged,uneven-aged and conversion stands     

Marc?HanewinkelEmail author 《European Journal of Forest Research》2004,123(2):139-155

Different methodological approaches from the field of spatial statistics, the index of cluster size (ICS) and quadrat methods such as the two-term and three-term local quadrat variance (TTLQV and 3TLQV) and the new local variance (NLV) were tested to find a simple spatial measure to classify mixed coniferous uneven-aged, even-aged and conversion stands in the central Black Forest area of Germany. Altogether six stands were analysed with regularly distributed sample plots of 0.25 ha (50×50 m), each subdivided into 25 quadrats of 10×10 m. In each of the quadrats, diameter at breast height (dbh) for trees of the overstory (dbh>7 cm) was assessed and classified into three diameter classes. Height measurements were used to develop specific stand height curves for each stand and to calculate the standing volume per tree and per quadrat. The even-aged stands showed a regular distribution of the standing volume, while the conversion and uneven-aged stands were more clustered. This was detected using ICS, which proved to be a simple but very efficient measure for stand structure. The ICS also showed a highly random distribution of small and medium trees and a regular distribution of large trees of the overstory in the uneven-aged stand. Large and medium trees of one even-aged stand were also regularly distributed while conversion stands showed a regular, random or slightly clustered distribution of these trees. The more uneven the ages in the stands were, the larger were the phases detected by the NLV. The findings of the ICS were generally supported by the TTLQV and 3TLQV. The more uneven the ages in a stand were, the less clustered were the trees of different sizes of the understory. Clustering also decreased with increasing height of understory trees. The patterns detected in the investigated stands were related to the effect of different management regimes. Implications for the management of conversions stands based on the findings of the study are given.  相似文献   

Crown characteristics of juvenile loblolly pine 6 years after application of thinning and fertilization     

Shufang Yu  Jim L. Chambers  Zhenmin Tang  James P. Barnett 《Forest Ecology and Management》2003,180(1-3):345-352

Total foliage dry mass and leaf area at the canopy hierarchical level of needle, shoot, branch and crown were measured in 48 trees harvested from a 14-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, six growing seasons after thinning and fertilization treatments.

In the unthinned treatment, upper crown needles were heavier and had more leaf area than lower crown needles. Branch- and crown-level leaf area of the thinned trees increased 91 and 109%, respectively, and whole-crown foliage biomass doubled. The increased crown leaf area was a result of more live branches and foliated shoots and larger branch sizes in the thinned treatment. Branch leaf area increased with increasing crown depth from the top to the mid-crown and decreased towards the base of the crown. Thinning stimulated foliage growth chiefly in the lower crown. At the same crown depth in the lower crown, branch leaf area was greater in the thinned treatment than in the unthinned treatment. Maximum leaf area per branch was located nearly 3–4 m below the top of the crown in the unthinned treatment and 4–5 m in the thinned treatment. Leaf area of the thinned-treatment trees increased 70% in the upper crown and 130% in the lower crown. Fertilization enhanced needle size and leaf area in the upper crown, but had no effect on leaf area and other variables at the shoot, branch and crown level. We conclude that the thinning-induced increase in light penetration within the canopy leads to increased branch size and crown leaf area. However, the branch and crown attributes have little response to fertilization and its interaction with thinning.  相似文献   

Effect of collection date on capsule moisture content and germination of Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle from central Himalaya     

Pandit  Atul  Pant  Kavita  Ram  Jeet 《New Forests》2002,23(2):121-130

Seed maturity indices of Populus ciliata were investigated in collections from Sukhatal and Bhowali. Across both seed sources, mean capsule size varied from 68.0±1.5 mm² to 72.0±0.9 mm², while mean number of capsules/100 grams varied from 268±8 to 295±12. Mean weight of 100 capsules varied from 25.0±1.4 g to 27.0±1.4 g. Weight of 100 capsules among sources and individual trees differed significantly (P < 0.05), while number of capsules/100 grams and weight of 100 capsules was negatively correlated (r² = 0.69). As capsules matured moisture content decreased from 83.2±1.1% to 54.3±0.3% at Sukhatal and from 77.7±0.4% to 46.4±0.3% at Bhowali. The optimum germination was at 58–60% moisture content. Maturation was related to capsule colour changes as well as moisture content. These parameters were judged to be good indicators of when to collect P. ciliata seeds.  相似文献   

初始含水率对SiO2溶胶在两种木材中渗透性的影响     

孙敏洋  曹金珍 《林业机械与木工设备》2015,(6)

采用两种粒径（30 nm和150 nm）的SiO2溶胶真空浸渍不同含水率（绝干、气干、调湿）的欧洲赤松和南方松边材,比较其24 h内吸液率变化规律和24 h增重率,并通过质量法分析硅溶胶处理材轴向SiO2的浓度梯度,从而考察处理材的初始含水率对SiO2溶胶在木材中渗透性的影响。研究结果表明：（1）两种木材均在绝干状态下吸液率最低,30 nm硅溶胶在气干状态下吸液率最高,而150 nm硅溶胶在调湿状态下吸液率最高。（2）初始含水率对增重率的影响与吸液率不同,30 nm硅溶胶在调湿状态下浸渍木材的增重率低于绝干状态,欧洲赤松气干状态的增重率最高。（3）初始含水率对试材中整体SiO2量的影响与增重率结果基本一致,欧洲赤松中SiO2轴向分布梯度远高于南方松,其渗透的均匀性较差。  相似文献   

草本植物根系对边坡浅层稳定性影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯国建  朱维伟 《草原与草坪》2015,(4):23-26

为研究草本植物根系对边坡浅层稳定性的影响,在假设滑坡体为长方体的条件下,通过对植物根系加固边坡的力学原理进行分析,推导了植物根系对边坡浅层稳定性的安全系数公式,并计算分析了坡度、滑坡体尺寸以及根土面积比对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着边坡坡度及滑坡体尺寸的增加,边坡的稳定系数将减小。并且,植物护坡的坡体安全系数要大于无防护坡体的安全系数。随着根-土面积比的增大,坡体的稳定系数逐渐增加,说明植物根系能增加边坡的稳定性。  相似文献