Effective population size and inbreeding depression on litter size in rabbits. A case study          下载免费PDF全文

M. Ragab  J.P. Sánchez  M. Baselga 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(1):68-73

The purpose of this study is to use demographic and litter size data on four Spanish maternal lines of rabbits (A, V, H and LP), as a case study, in order to: (i) estimate the effective population size of the lines, as a measure of the rate of increase of inbreeding, and (ii) study whether the inbreeding effect on litter size traits depends on the pattern of its accumulation over time. The lines are being selected for litter size at weaning and are kept closed at the same selection nucleus under the same selection and management programme. The study considered 47 794 l and a pedigree of 14 622 animals. Some practices in mating and selection management allow an increase of the inbreeding coefficient lower than 0.01 per generation in these lines of around 25 males and 125 females. Their effective population size (Ne) was around 57.3, showing that the effect of selection, increasing the inbreeding, was counterbalanced by the management practices, intended to reduce the rate of inbreeding increase. The inbreeding of each individual was broken down into three components: old, intermediate and new inbreeding. The coefficients of regression of the old, intermediate and new inbreeding on total born (TB), number born alive (NBA) and number weaned (NW) per litter showed a decreasing trend from positive to negative values. Regression coefficients significantly different from zero were those for the old inbreeding on TB (6.79 ± 2.37) and NBA (5.92 ± 2.37). The contrast between the coefficients of regression between the old and new inbreeding were significant for the three litter size traits: 7.57 ± 1.72 for TB; 6.66 ± 1.73 for NBA and 5.13 ± 1.67 for NW. These results have been interpreted as the combined action of purging unfavourable genes and artificial selection favoured by the inbreeding throughout the generations of selection.  相似文献   

Effects of Parity of Dam and Breeding Date on the Litter Size of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats     

WANG Cai-xia  LIU Shao-qing  LI Jin-quan  DAI Sheng-chao  WANG Zhi-ying  ZHANG Yan-jun  WANG Rui-jun 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(6):1512-1517

The article through the analysis and research to the effects of parity of dam and breeding date on the litter size of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,determine the optimal mating time of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,in order to improve the efficiency of reproductive.Data used were 1998 to 2013 reproductive performance records collected from the Arbas stock farm in Inner Mongolia,China.The GLM procedure of SAS 9.0 software was used to determine the significant effect of the parity of dam and breeding date,the results showed that the parity of dam and breeding date had significant effect on litter size (P< 0.01).Litter size was the lowest in 1st parity does (1.37),the significantly increase in litter size with advance in parity and decline after six parity;Mating cycles for September 29th to October 16th had the highest litter size (1.76),and the estrous months and estrus peak time mainly concentrated in October,so this stage in production could be used as breeding period of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats.  相似文献   

40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂的除草活性及对花生的安全性评价     

曲明静  曲春娟  高兴祥  厍月明  姚永生  杜龙 《植物保护》2024,50(1):295-303

为明确砜吡草唑在花生田应用的可行性, 采用整株生物测定法测定40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides、稗Echinochloa crus-galli、藜Chenopodium album、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus及马齿苋Portulaca oleracea的除草活性, 评价药剂对花生的安全性, 并利用田间小区药效试验进行验证。结果表明:40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对6种供试杂草均表现出极高活性, GR 50为0.76~2.90 g/hm 2, 在13.32 g/hm 2剂量下, 对供试杂草防效均达100%。40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对3种禾本科杂草、3种阔叶杂草的毒力分别是960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油的5.60~9.30倍和22.16~25.24倍。在盆钵底部渗灌、喷淋浇水2种灌溉条件下, 40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对花生的GR 10分别为212.03、87.68 g/hm 2, 剂量越高, 对花生生长的抑制愈明显, 对花生安全性欠佳。在盆钵底部渗灌条件下, 砜吡草唑在花生和供试杂草间的选择性指数为29.45~142.30, 具有较高选择性。田间试验表明, 40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂施用剂量120~240 g/hm 2时, 对杂草的总体防效在92.6%以上, 花生增产率21.09%~22.71%, 杂草防效及花生产量均显著高于960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油720 g/hm 2处理, 所有药剂处理未见药害症状。综上, 40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂可作为花生田低量、高效化学除草的备选药剂, 但需关注砜吡草唑过量施用及降雨积水等因素导致的花生安全性问题。  相似文献   

民勤白刺灌丛沙堆演替过程中土壤粒径分形特征     

马剑平  王飞    郭树江    纪永福    张莹花  张裕年    张卫星  宋达成 《西北林学院学报》2022,37(5):46-52

通过野外采样与室内分析相结合,研究白刺灌丛沙堆在演替过程中土壤粒度与分形维数特征,分形维数与土壤粒级及土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:1）民勤不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤均以细砂（46.71%～64.06%）为主;土壤分形维数变化为1.665～2.242,在白刺灌丛沙堆演替过程中分形维数呈现先升高后降低的趋势,衰退阶段达到最大值。2）分形维数与黏粒、粉粒、极细砂呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与中砂呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,说明黏粉粒、极细砂含量越多,土壤分形维数越高。3）分形维数与有机质、全氮含量呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与速效磷含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,土壤分形维数可以用来评价土壤的养分状况。研究结果可为荒漠灌丛发挥防风固沙和土壤保育功能的定量化评价提供科学依据。  相似文献   

油菜秸秆纤维对水泥胶砂孔隙特征的影响     

张繁  谷悦  曹琛  刘保华 《中国农业科技导报》2022,24(6):189-195

为探究油菜秸秆纤维对硅酸盐水泥胶砂孔隙的影响及其作用机理,将处理后的油菜秸秆分别按照0、1%、2%、3%和4%质量分数的比例掺入水泥中,对不同秸秆纤维掺量水泥的标准稠度用水量及凝结时间进行测定,研究不同龄期（3、7、28 d）下油菜秸秆的掺量对水泥胶砂孔隙率和孔隙特征的影响。结果表明,随着油菜秸秆掺量的增加,水泥胶砂试块的表观密度逐渐减小,其中,当掺量为4%时,其表观密度相比基准组降低9.27%;当掺量为1%时,其孔径分布与基准组相近;当掺量为3%和4%时,两组的孔径分布相近,在龄期为28 d时,胶砂的有害孔占比分别为14.2%和15.4%,多害孔占比分别为24.15%和25.01%,与基准组相比,多害孔和有害孔增幅较大,均约为基准组的3.5倍。随着秸秆掺量的增加,水泥胶砂最可几孔径均减小;随着龄期的增加,水泥胶砂最可几孔径减小,多害孔及有害孔比例相对减少。显微形貌分析结果表明,油菜秸秆纤维掺量为1%时,与水泥界面粘接较好;掺量为3%和4%时,多害孔及有害孔增加,主要出现在秸秆纤维周围。  相似文献   

不同改良措施对沙质土壤颗粒组成及分形特征的影响     

郑亚楠  姚永生  古丽热娅尼·阿斯哈尔  安世杰  李延霞  支金虎 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(9):1665-1671

【目的】研究不同改良措施下沙质土壤质地变化,为沙化土壤改良提供科学依据。【方法】以新疆南疆典型沙化土壤为研究对象,设置5种不同改良措施(种植燕麦(A₁)、种植油菜+燕麦(A₂)、种植燕麦+油菜秸秆翻耕+生物菌肥(A₃)、种植燕麦+农家肥(A₄)、种植燕麦+农家肥+生物菌肥(A₅)),采用田间试验,分析不同改良措施对沙化土壤颗粒组成分形的影响。【结果】不同改良措施下土壤分形维数D值介于2.35～2.49,与对照相比,随着土层的加深,土壤的细颗粒物质的分形维数值呈增加趋势;土壤颗粒分形维数D值与黏粒呈极显著正相关,与细粉粒呈显著正相关,与砂粒呈显著负相关。【结论】农家肥或绿肥与生物菌肥配合施用,可有效改善沙化土壤的理化性状。  相似文献   

木质生物炭对厌氧发酵产甲烷性能的影响     

肖生苓  荆勇  冯晶  申瑞霞  赵立欣  王全亮  张迎 《中国农业科技导报》2021,23(1):128-135

为研究木质生物炭对厌氧发酵产甲烷性能的影响,以玉米秸秆、牛粪作为发酵底物,以灌木生物炭、杨木生物炭、混合木屑生物炭作为添加剂,通过控制生物炭的种类、粒径以及灰分含量等关键因素,进行了批式厌氧发酵强化试验。结果表明：生物炭对厌氧发酵系统有重要影响,且粒径越小,产气能力越强。其中,杨木生物炭对厌氧发酵系统影响最大,不仅提升了厌氧发酵系统的甲烷累积产量（4.9%）、最大甲烷日产率（15.0%）以及水解速率（15.6%）,也缩短了发酵延滞期。此外,杨木生物炭的灰分含量对厌氧发酵也有重要影响。当灰分含量为2.6 g·L^-1时,对厌氧发酵系统影响最大,在提升厌氧发酵系统的缓冲能力、最大甲烷日产率（14.4%）的同时,也缩短了延滞期（11.8%）,灰分含量过高或过低均不利于系统产甲烷。  相似文献   

山东省群众渔业变水层绳拖网研究↑（*）   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙泰昌  李平  陈家乐  刘全成  刘来军 《中国水产科学》1996,3(3):82-88

近几年，山东省群众渔业绳拖网发展很快，进入９０年代以来，先后在蓬莱、荣成和环翠等地的１３６－１４７Ｋｗ渔船上试验了目大０８ｍ、１ｍ、２２ｍ、３５ｍ、４ｍ、５ｍ、６ｍ、７ｍ、８ｍ、１０８ｍ的绳拖网，取得显著效果。本文对山东省各种绳拖网的试验情况，网型特点，网线配置和其他方面的性能进行了综合分析，并提出改进意见。  相似文献   

水温 饵料 投饵率对河蟹生长和饵料转化率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈立侨  堵南山 《水产科技情报》1993,20(4):153-157

在实验室条件下研究了水温、饵料和投饵率对河蟹生长的影响。结果表明,在10～26℃水温范围内,河蟹对不同饵料的摄饵率和特定生长率均与水温呈正相关关系;相比之下,用配饵投喂,河蟹对温度的变化较为敏感,但配饵的饲养效果明显次于螺蛳。随着水温的升高,当螺蛳的投饵率由半饱增至全饱时,河蟹的湿重生长率增长不明显,而体蛋白量则增加了13%～28%。在适温范围内,适当降低投饵率可提高饵料转化率和蛋白质利用率,可是蟹体蛋白量的增加则明显下降。  相似文献   

Conception Rate and Litter Size in Multiparous Sows after Intrauterine Insemination Using Frozen-Thawed Boar Semen in a Commercial Swine Herd in Thailand     

Panida CHANAPIWAT  Em-On OLANRATMANEE  Kampon KAEOKET  Padet TUMMARUK 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(10):1347-1351

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