FSHR基因第1外显子多态性及其与小梅山猪产仔数的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴井生  张跟喜  戴国俊  叶兰  王金玉 《畜牧兽医学报》2012,43(4):509-515

本研究旨在检测猪FSHR基因第1外显子多态性,并分析其与产仔数之间的关系.采用PCR- SSCP和直接测序方法检测基因多态性,利用最小二乘法分析其与母猪产仔数的关系,同时对多态位点的方差组分进行分析,并预测选择反应.研究结果表明:猪FSHR基因第1外显子区域内检测到3个SNPs(C70T、C74G、C81T),其中C74G导致氨基酸的改变,同时,筛选出3个单倍型和5种基因型;FSHR基因单倍型与基因型分布在小梅山猪、枫泾猪与大白猪群体间差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);关联分析结果显示,2胎以上的小梅山母猪中,AA和CC基因型个体的TNB比BC基因型分别低0.64(P＞0.05)和0.36头(P＞0.05),所有胎次中,AA基因型个体的TNB 和NBA比AC基因型分别低0.80(P＜0.01)和0.67头(P＜0.01).对于FSHR基因第1外显子而言,小梅山猪TNB和NBA的遗传主要受到显性效应的影响.  相似文献   

日粮纤维的营养学功能及对母猪产仔数的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭成全  孙海清  彭健 《饲料工业》2012,(19):17-22

母猪繁殖性状主要包括总产仔数、产活仔数、初生个体均重及初生窝重、泌乳力、断奶仔猪数、断奶个体均重及断奶窝重,其中,产仔数是最重要的繁殖力评定指标。日粮纤维对家畜的营养物质的消化率存在负面影响,但是近半个世纪以来由于日粮纤维独特的性质在母猪的营养研究中备受关注。文中将从日粮纤维的定义及分析方法、理化特性着手,阐述日粮纤维添加到母猪妊娠日粮中对产仔数的影响并分析其可能原因。  相似文献   

不同群体规模下闭锁群体遗传漂变的模拟     

鲁立刚  金深逊  曾继晶  王莉兴  鲁绍雄 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2012,(13):46-48

为了研究在施行随机留种、随机交配、世代不重叠、群体间个体无迁移、整个保种过程中基因不发生突变的原位保种群体中遗传漂变的变化情况,试验采用计算机模拟方法针对不同群体规模下闭锁群体基因频率、基因型频率在50个世代中的变化进行研究。结果表明:群体规模越大,基因频率、基因型频率在世代间波动的幅度越小,因此世代间随机遗传漂变基因被固定或丢失的概率越小。  相似文献   

DNA polymorphism of 5' flanking region of prolactin gene and its association with litter size in sheep     

M.X. Chu  X.C. Wang  M. Jin  R. Di  H.Q. Chen  G.Q. Zhu  L. Fang  Y.H. Ma  & K. Li 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2009,126(1):63-68

A single nucleotide polymorphism of 5' flanking region of the prolactin gene was investigated in both high prolificacy breeds (Small Tail Han and Hu sheep) and low prolificacy breeds (Dorset and Suffolk sheep) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The results indicated that two genotypes (AA and AB) were detected in Small Tail Han sheep (n   =   239), only one genotype (AA) was detected in Hu (n   =   40), Dorset (n   =   50) and Suffolk sheep (n   =   39). The mutant homozygous genotype (BB) was not detected in four sheep breeds. In Small Tail Han sheep (n   =   239), the frequency of genotypes AA and AB was 0.91 and 0.09, the frequency of the A and B alleles was 0.95 and 0.05, respectively. The fitness tests showed that the Small Tail Han sheep population was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Sequencing revealed a mutation (G→T) at the position 63 bp of the 5' flanking region of prolactin gene in AB genotype compared with AA genotype in Small Tail Han sheep. The Small Tail Han ewes with AB genotype had 0.83 (p < 0.05) lambs more than those with AA genotype. These results preliminarily showed that the prolactin locus is either a major gene that influences the high prolificacy in Small Tail Han sheep or is in close linkage with such a gene.  相似文献   

Pedigree analysis in the Brazilian Zebu breeds     

F.J.C. Faria  A.E.V. Filho  F.E. Madalena  & L.A. Josahkian 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2009,126(2):148-153

Zebu breeds play an important role in cattle production systems in Brazil. To assess the genetic variability from animals in the Herd Books of Nelore, Gir and Guzerat breeds, generation intervals, inbreeding, effective population size and parameters of gene origin (effective number of founders, ancestors and founder genomes) were calculated using pedigree records from 1938 to 1998. Breed subdivision was quantified by Wright's F -statistics. Calculations were separately carried out for consecutive 4-year intervals in the period 1979–98. Generation interval was around 8 years for the three breeds. Total inbreeding increased in all the breeds reaching values of 2.13%, 2.28% and 1.75%. Effective population size decreased from 85 to 68 in Nelore, from 70 to 45 in Gir and remained nearly constant around 104 in Guzerat. The quantities assessing the number of contributing ancestors decreased with time in all the breeds, and in the last analysed period the most important ancestor accounted for 14%, 3.1% and 4.1% in Nelore, Gir and Guzerat, respectively. Results indicate that the studied breeds are suffering from a loss of genetic variability which can result in negative effects on breeding and conservation purposes.  相似文献   

Genealogical analyses in open populations: the case of three Arab-derived Spanish horse breeds     

I. Cervantes  J.P. Gutiérrez  A. Molina  F. Goyache  & M. Valera 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2009,126(5):335-347

This research assesses the genetic composition of three Arab-derived Spanish horse breeds as an example to highlight the major shortcomings related to genealogical analyses in open populations and to propose approaches useful to deal with this task. The studbooks of three Spanish Arab (SA)-derived horse breeds, Spanish Anglo-Arab (dAA), Hispano-Arab (dHA) and Spanish Sport Horse (dSSH) and those of their parental breeds SA, Spanish Purebred (SPB) and Thoroughbred (TB), totalling 211 754 individuals, were available. The genealogies of the dAA, dHA and dSSH were analysed not only using the corresponding studbook (breed exclusive dataset) but also including the genealogies of the founders from parental breeds (completed dataset). Coancestry analyses revealed that the present SA-derived populations share more genes with the Arab than with the other parental breeds. Effective population size was computed by accounting for migration rates to obtain an equivalent closed-population effective size (_eq N _e) of 39.2 for the dAA, 56.3 for dHA and 114.1 for dSSH. The essayed methodologies were useful for characterising populations involving migration. The consequences of the management of the analysed breeds are discussed. The results emphasize the need to include the complete genealogies of the individuals to attain reliable genealogical parameters.  相似文献   

纳米混悬剂的特征及其在兽医上的应用前景     

刘爱玲 《中国兽药杂志》2009,43(2):38-41

纳米混悬剂可增大难溶性药物的溶解度,提高安全性和有效性,是20世纪末发展起来的一种纳米微粒药物传递系统。作为一种新的制剂技术,纳米混悬剂在提高低溶解度药物的生物利用度和有效性等方面具有重要作用。  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF MANUAL LUNG INFLATION VS. SPONTANEOUS INSPIRATION ON THE CARDIAC SILHOUETTE IN ANESTHETIZED DOGS     

NATALIE WEBSTER  VICKI ADAMS  RUTH DENNIS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(2):172-177

The purpose of this study was to assess radiographic heart size in anesthetized dogs, comparing radiographs made with the patient breathing spontaneously to radiographs obtained using positive pressure manual lung inflation. The hypothesis was that manual inflation would cause reduction in the cardiac size. With dogs in right recumbency a radiograph was made at peak spontaneous inspiration followed immediately a radiograph made with application of positive pressure manual inflation of the thorax. Cardiac size was assessed, both subjectively and objectively using the vertebral heart scale (VHS). Two hundred and six dogs were studied. Manual inflation resulted in a significantly greater degree of lung inflation assessed radiographically ( P <0.0001). The subjectively assessed heart size was significantly smaller in radiographs made with manual inflation, leading to different subjective categorization of heart size in 67 (32%) of dogs. The objectively measured VHS was also significantly smaller in the radiographs made using manual inflation by a mean of 0.24 of a vertebral length (95% CL of mean difference: −0.29, −0.19, P <0.0001). A statistically significant reduction in subjective heart size and in VHS occurred with manual inflation of the lungs, and these differences may be clinically significant. Thus, if serial radiographs are obtained to assess cardiac size, the radiographic technique used should be the same.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding increasing quantities of starch on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy horses     

Vervuert I  Voigt K  Hollands T  Cuddeford D  Coenen M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(1):67-72

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the intake of starch on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of horses. A cross-over study design was used in which four horses were fed increasing amounts of a compound feed (0.5–3.5 kg) to provide 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4 and 2 g starch/kg bodyweight (BW)/meal. The glycaemic response increased with starch intake (P < 0.05), while feeding <1.1 g starch/kg BW resulted in a lowered response, compared to when 1.1–2 g starch/kg BW was fed (P < 0.01). The results suggested that insulin responses may be more appropriate to define the effect of feeding different starch levels than glycaemic responses. A starch intake of <1.1 g/kg BW/meal produced only moderate glucose and insulin responses, even though highly processed cereals were used. It is therefore recommended that a starch intake of <1.1 g/kg BW/meal or a meal size of 0.3 kg/100 kg BW (starch content of 30–40%) is used for horses.  相似文献   

The relationship between tumour size and expression of prognostic markers in benign and malignant canine mammary tumours     

E. Ferreira  A. C. Bertagnolli  M. F. Cavalcanti  F. C. Schmitt  G. D. Cassali 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2009,7(4):230-235

Tumour size is considered one of the most important determinants of clinical staging in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess the value of tumour size as an indicator of the differentiation of mammary neoplasias in female dogs. The tumour, nodes metastates (TNM) system, based on primary lesion size, the extent of its dissemination to regional lymph nodes and the presence or absence of distant metastases, was applied to 120 female dogs diagnosed with mammary neoplasias. Paraffin blocks from 38 cases were selected and studied by immunohistochemical staining for prognostic and predictive markers of breast cancer. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was estimated for 110 female dogs. Larger tumours (T3) were mostly malignant and showed lower expression of progesterone receptor and higher expression of cellular proliferation markers. Global survival time was shorter in female dogs with large tumour masses. This study highlights the importance of tumour size as a prognostic indicator of mammary neoplasias in female dogs.  相似文献