气象因素对种公牛精子发生的影响分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张显华  钱松晋 《中国牛业科学》1999,25(6):12-15

本文采用相关和通径分析方法，分析了五项气象因子对精液量和精子活力的影响。结果显示，上两个月的月均最低温度（Ｘ４）和月均日照时数（Ｘ１）对精液量分别产生极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）和显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）影响，当月平均温度（Ｘ２）和最高温度（Ｘ５）对精子活力产生显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）影响，降水量（Ｘ３）主要通过气温产生影响，五项气象因子对精子发生的总决定系数约３０％。这些结果对研究种公牛环境控制、精子发生有重  相似文献   

Quantitative Evaluations of the Tubular Epithelium in the Testis of the Fallow Deer (Dama dama)     

K.-H. Wrobel  M. Keßler  M. Schimmel 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1993,28(1):1-13

Contents: The quantitative morphology of the seminiferous epithelium was studied in 10 testes of 16- to 17-monthsold fallow bucks (Dama dama). Seminiferous tubules constitute 77.2% of the testicular parenchyma and amount to a total length of 400–750 m per testis. According to varying cell associations 6 different stages can be observed during the spermatogenic cycle. The average tubular diameter varies between 215 μm (stage 1) and 230 μm (stage 8), the epithelial height between 67.6 μm in stage 3 and 71.9 μm in stage 8 when spermiation occurs. From primary spermatocytes during the prophase of the first meiotic division preleptotenes have smallest nuclear (203.7 μm³) and cellular (469.1 μm³) volumes, whereas late diplotenes show a nuclear volume of 846.7μm³ and a cellular volume of 3440.5 μm³, that is an increase of more than 4 times for the nucleus and more than 7 times for the cell body. Numerical analysis reveals 4 spermatogonial divisions and a considerable loss of spermatogenic cells during the second meiotic division and subsequent spermiogenesis. Sertoli cells constitute between 31.4% (stage 4) and 38.3% (stage 1) of the tubular epithelium. The calculated cell volume of an individual Sertoli cell increases during every cycle from 6515.3 μm³ instage 3 to 8350.0 μm³ in stage 8; that is a volume change of 22%. The Sertoli cell organelle with most prominent cyclical variations is the endoplasmic reticulum. A lipid cycle is absent in the seminiferous epithelium of the fallow deer. Inhalt: Quantitative Studien am Keimepithel des männlichen Damwilds (Dama dama). Das Keimepithel im Hoden von fünf 16 bis 17 Monate alten Damwildjährlingen (Dama dama) wurde mit morphometrischen Methoden untersucht. Tubuli seminiferi machen 77,2% des Hodenparenchyms aus; die Gesamttubuluslange pro Hoden betragt zwischen 400 und 750 m. Sechs Spermatogenesestadien können beim Damhirsch identifiziert werden, wobei für diese Einteilung wechselnde Zellassoziationen im Keimepithel zugrunde gelegt wurden. Der Durchmesser der Tubuli seminiferi wechselt zwischen 215 μm (Phase 1)und 230 μm (Phase 8). Die Tubulusepithelhöhe schwankt ebergfalls zwischen 67,6 μm in Phase 3 und 71,9 μm in Phase 8 (Spermiation). Präleptotäne habendie kleinsten Kern- und Zellvolumina (203,7 μm³ bzw. 469,1 μm³) von allen Spermatozyten I. Ordnung, Diplotäne aus Phase 4 die größten Werte (846,7 μm³ bzw. 3440,5 μm³), das ist ein Zuwachs um das Vierfache bei mKern und um das Siebenfache beim Zeilleib. Eine numerische Anaiyse derZellzahlen in Tubulusquerschnitten aus den verschiedenen Phasen der Spermatogenese erlaubt die Schlußfolgerung, daß es 4 Spermatogonienteilungen bei dieser Spezies gibt, und daß eine beträchtliche Anzahl aller rechnerisch möglichen Keimzellen während der Spermatokenese verloren geht, vor allem während der zweiten Reifeteilung und der Spermiogenese. Sertolizellen machen zwischen 31,4 (Phase 4) und 38,3% (Phase 1) des Keimepithels aus. Eine Sertolizelle aus Phase 3 besitzt ein rechnerisches Zellvolumen von 6515,3 μm³, eine Zelle aus Phase 8 ein Zellvolumen von 8350,0 μm³. Somit verringert und vergrößert sich das Volumen der einzelnen Sertolizelle um ca. 22% in jedem Keimepithelzyklus. Das endoplasmatische Retikulum der Sertolizelle ist das Organell mit den auffälligsten zyklischen Veränderungen. Der Lipidgehalt des Keimepithels ist minimal; ein Lipidzyklus im Keimepithel, wie für andere Spezies beschrieben, existiert beim Damwild nicht.  相似文献   

bta-miR-34b/c和bta-miR-449a/b/c靶基因预测及生物信息学分析     

杜鑫泽  马鑫浩  张殿琦  杜嘉伟  马婧  谢琨成  何杰  昝林森 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(7):2451-2461

【目的】试验旨在对bta-miR-34b/c和bta-miR-449a/b/c的序列保守性、转录因子和靶基因进行生物信息学预测和分析,探究其影响精子发生的作用机制,为研究其生物学功能及作用机制提供指导和思路。【方法】利用miRBase数据库获取不同物种的bta-miR-34b/c和bta-miR-449a/b/c序列并进行相似性分析;通过TargetScan、miRWalk、miRDB等方法预测bta-miR-34b/c和bta-miR-449a/b/c的靶基因,对获得的靶基因集合分别进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析;通过AnimalTFDB获取共同调控bta-miR-34b/c和bta-miR-449a/b/c的转录因子,并构建TF-miRNA-mRNA作用网络。【结果】bta-miR-34b/c和bta-miR-449a/b/c在不同物种间高度保守。预测得到2个转录因子和49个候选靶基因,这些靶基因主要富集在精子发生、钙离子依赖性胞吐的调节、胰岛素分泌的调节等GO条目,以及HIF-1信号通路、甲状腺激素信号通路、Wnt信号通路等KEGG通路。bta-miR-34b/c、bta-miR-449a/b/c与上游转录因子NR2C2和HIC1,下游靶基因AXL、E2F3、DAAM1等共同构成的作用网络通过调控减数分裂、细胞周期、细胞凋亡、精子细胞能量代谢等生物过程影响精子发生。【结论】bta-miR-34b/c、bta-miR-449a/b/c通过上游转录因子和下游靶基因组成的分子调控网络共同调节精子发生过程。  相似文献   

Classification of the spermatogenic cycle,seasonal changes of seminiferous tubule morphology and estimation of the breeding season of the large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) in Toyama and Aomori prefectures, Japan     

Tsukasa OKANO  Manabu ONUMA  Hiroko ISHINIWA  Noriko AZUMA  Masanori TAMAOKI  Nobuyoshi NAKAJIMA  Junji SHINDO  Yasushi YOKOHATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):799-807

The large Japanese field mouse, Apodemus speciosus, is a potential indicator of environmental stress, but this function has not been confirmed by histological studies. Since environmental stress affects the reproductive function of mice, we determined the reproductive characteristics of this species at two locations: Toyama (36°35ʹN, 137°24ʹE) and Aomori (40°35ʹN, 140°57ʹE). Mice were captured during May–November (n=119) and July–November (n=146) at these locations, respectively. We classified the breeding season from the numbers of pregnant females and young, in addition to the spermatogenic cycle and seasonal changes in seminiferous tubule morphology of males. Testicular weight was measured, and seminiferous tubule morphology was examined histologically. Fourteen stages were found in the seminiferous epithelium cycle based on acrosome formation and spermatid head morphology. At both locations, the breeding season peaked from late summer to early autumn and possibly in spring. Spermatogenic activity was classified into 4 periods from June to November: resting around June and October–November; resumptive around July; active around August; and degenerative around September. During the resting period, the seminiferous tubules consisted of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Spermatogenesis began during the resumptive period, and spermatids were observed. During the active period, active spermatogenesis and a broad lumen were observed. During the degenerative period, spermatogenesis ended, and Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and degenerating exfoliated round spermatids were observed. This study provides scientific information about the testicular histopathological evaluations of the large Japanese field mouse for its use as an index species of environmental pollution.  相似文献   

Anuran Ecology in Relation Particularly to Oviposition and Development out of Water     

D. E. Van Dijk 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):119-132

This paper is a contribution to the poorly known subject of wild rodent behaviour. Observations were conducted in the field and laboratory on the vlei rat, Otomys irroratus, as part of a comprehensive study of its ecology and life history.

Individual behaviour, social behaviour, and post natal development are described and discussed. It was found that the vlei rat is very shy and retiring in captivity. It can be considered as crepuscular, but activity tests conducted in the field and laboratory indicated some activity throughout the day and night.

Interactions of adults were tested and they were found to be very antisocial, with intrasexual aggression occurring when caged. Complex threat and communication patterns exist, a feature of asocial behaviour. Mating failed to occur in captivity, probably also a result of their antisocial nature.

Marking behaviour is very distinctive in this species and, combined with urination and possibly defecation, would appear to be useful in delimiting territories. It is concluded from their social habits, marking behaviour, and considerable overlap of home ranges that in nature their interactions with conspecifics are represented by a dominance hierarchy.

Several litters of young were reared. They are very precocial at birth and development proceeds rapidly. At birth the incisors are erupted, enabling them to cling firmly to the nipples of the mother. Most adult behaviour patterns are developed before weaning at 13 days.  相似文献   

拟黑多刺蚁精子发生观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

詹光杰  奚耕思 《湖北农业科学》2009,48(1)

首次对拟黑多刺(Polyrhachis vicina Roger)精子的发生动态过程进行了连续观察和描述,由精母细胞形态和细胞核形态变化特征性指标显示,拟黑多刺蚁精子发生过程总体可分为5个阶段,分别是精原细胞时期、初级精母细胞时期、次级精母细胞时期、精子细胞时期和精子形成时期,最终成熟的精子通过交配活动排出体外.  相似文献   

Stimulation of gonadal and germ cell development in larval and juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by homologous pituitary extract     

A. Van Winkoop  L. P. M. Timmermans  H. J. Th. Goos 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(2):161-171

The data presented show that in larval carp, gonadal size has increased distinctly after treatment with homologous pituitary extract (PE). Moreover, the precocious onset of primordial germ cell proliferation and of sex differentiation into male and female gonads was induced. Body weight of treated and control specimens did not differ significantly from each other throughout the experiment. Treatment of juvenile carp with homologous PE led also to an increase in gonadal size without concomitant increase in body weight. Induction of precocious spermatogenesis was observed too. GTH-levels in control and PE-treated carp were monitored by means of a homologous radioimmunoassay, showing that in PE-treated carp the GTH-level was distinctly elevated. The possible role of pituitary hormones in larval and juvenile gonadal development is discussed.  相似文献   

Intratesticular Morphometric, Cellular and Endocrine Changes Around the Pubertal Period in Dromedary Camels     

A.A Al-Qarawi  H.A Abdel-Rahman  M.S El-Belely  S.A El-Mougy 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2001,162(3):241-249

We obtained the paired testes from 66 clinically healthy camels during two consecutive breeding seasons. Testicular tissues were examined for peripubertal changes in histological structure as well as spermatogenic and steroidogenic activities. Cellular sizes (length microm x width microm) increased linearly (P< 0.05) throughout the first three years of the animal's life for Leydig cells and between two and a half and five years of age for Sertoli cells. A clear increase in the percentage of tubules demonstrating primary and secondary spermatocytes occurred between less than one and five years and a cohort of elongated spermatids was produced in 3.5 +/- 0.2% tubules in males of two and a half years old; the appearance of spermatozoa in 3.1 +/- 0.3% tubules was evident six months later. The basal values for intratesticular and plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and testosterone respectively, were measured in all animals up to one and a half years for oestradiol-17 beta and three years for testosterone. Thereafter, both steroids increased markedly (P< 0.01) peaking to 269.5 +/-27.1 pg/g and 83.4 +/- 8.3 pg/mL at three years for oestradiol-17 beta and to 164.7 +/- 16.8 ng/g and 6.8 +/- 0.7 ng/mL at five years for testosterone. The results suggested that a steroid hormonal shift around four and a half to five years of age could demarcate the beginning of pubertal period which culminates with the production of the first ejaculum containing higher concentrations of spermatozoa by dromedary camels of six years old.  相似文献   

羊睾丸组织在小鼠皮下异种移植   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许迎科  张才乔  曾卫东  刘建新 《中国兽医学报》2006,26(3):337-339

将幼年羊的睾丸组织块移植到小鼠背部皮下，同时用环孢素A（CsA）抑制受体小鼠的免疫功能，在不同时间阶段观察了移植的睾丸组织的存活和发育状况。结果表明，添加CsA组与不添加组的移植试验结果无显著差异；移植入的羊睾丸组织块可在受体动物中存活，体积明显增大，但不能分化以实现精子发生。经组织块培养试验发现，移植3个月后的羊睾丸组织仍有存活的精原细胞，说明受体小鼠皮下环境能长期支持羊睾丸组织块的存活。  相似文献   

SPATA3基因克隆及其在牦牛和犏牛睾丸中的差异表达研究     

黄向月  熊显荣  张磊  马鸿程  海卓  李键 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(2):279-287

旨在克隆牦牛精子发生蛋白3（spermatogenesis associated 3,SPATA3）基因,并检测其在牦牛不同组织及在不同发育时期牦牛和犏牛睾丸中的表达水平,探讨SPATA3对睾丸发育和精子成熟的影响,为进一步研究该基因在精子形成过程中的作用机制提供理论依据。本试验以牦牛为研究对象,利用RT-PCR克隆技术获取牦牛SPATA3 cDNA序列,使用生物信息软件分析其结构和功能,并检测其在牦牛心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、小肠、卵巢、子宫和睾丸组织中的表达谱。通过实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR,RT-qPCR）检测SPATA3基因在牦牛和犏牛睾丸不同发育时期的表达规律;采用免疫组化技术检测SPATA3在牦牛和犏牛睾丸中的细胞定位及表达差异。结果显示,SPATA3基因CDS区为693 bp,编码230个氨基酸,与黄牛、野牦牛和水牛的同源性较高;SPATA3仅在耗牛睾丸组织中特异性表达,其它组织未见其表达。RT-qPCR结果显示,SPATA3基因在牦牛睾丸发育过程中均有表达,其中成年期（4~5岁）睾丸中的表达极显著高于胎牛时期（5~6月,P<0.01）,且其在牦牛不同发育时期睾丸中的表达均极显著高于犏牛（P<0.01）。免疫组化结果发现,SPATA3在圆形精子、长形精子细胞胞浆中均表达,且成年期牦牛睾丸中该基因的表达水平极显著高于犏牛（P<0.01）。综上表明,SPATA3在遗传进化中高度保守,且在牦牛和犏牛睾丸组织中差异表达,该基因低表达可能引起精子形成障碍,从而参与精子成熟进程,但具体功能有待进一步的研究。  相似文献