大豆种质资源叶型和荚粒性状的关系及与SSR标记的关联分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

伍宝朵  陈海峰  郭丹丹  沙爱华  单志慧  张晓娟  杨中路  邱德珍  陈水莲  朱晓玲  张婵娟  周蓉  周新安 《作物学报》2012,38(7):1196-1204

选用167份国内外大豆品种资源材料,依据叶长/宽比值将其划分为宽叶型和窄叶型, 分析叶型相关性状与荚粒性状的相关性,结果表明叶宽、叶长/宽比均与每荚粒数显著相关(r = –0.69和0.64,P<0.001)。选用均匀分布于大豆20条连锁群上的65个SSR标记分析资源材料的群体结构,并用目标区间内13个SSR标记与叶型相关性状和荚粒性状进行关联分析, 结果显示,标记20-285与每荚粒数显著关联,推测控制每荚粒数的基因可能位于标记20-285附近;标记20-26和20-45间的标记几乎都与叶长/宽比存在显著的关联性,推测控制叶型的基因位于标记20-26和20-45之间。相关分析和关联分析证实大豆叶型与荚粒性状存在密切关系,并缩小了每荚粒数和叶型候选基因的区间。  相似文献   

磺酰脲类除草剂药害规律的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

赵建庄 《中国农学通报》2001,17(1):7-8,31

采用作物主根长法测定了常用两种磺酰脲类除草剂对玉米（Zea mays L.)农大1236和豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）中碗6号的相对毒力，玉米试验结果表明，以IC50值比较，氯磺隆、胺苯磺隆对玉米的毒力较高，容易造成药害。豌豆试验结果表明，豌豆对氯磺隆和胺苯磺隆比玉米更敏感。离体玉米和豌豆ALS酶的研究表明，豌豆的ALS对两种磺酰脲类除草剂较玉米更敏感，氯磺隆对两种作物的ALS抑制作用也较胺苯磺隆强。  相似文献   

柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究     

张超冲  梁英彩  蒙姣荣  邓永忠  黄婕 《广西农业生物科学》1998,(1)

对柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性测定结果表明：柱花草炭疽病菌为盘长孢状刺盘孢菌[Colletotrichumgloeosporioides（Penz）Sacc]．病菌生长温度15～36℃;适宜生长温度25～30℃;分生孢子萌发的温度6～40℃,最适萌发温度为28℃;分生孢子在饱和湿度下萌发率为83．1％,在饱和湿度加水滴中达87．9％;分生孢子的致死温度为49℃10min;病菌生长的pH值是2．5～14．0,最适pH值为6．4～7．2;病菌对碳源的利用较氮源好。  相似文献   

Contribution of termites to the breakdown of straw under Sahelian conditions     

A. Mando  L. Brussaard 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,29(3):332-334

 The effect of termites on the breakdown of Pennisetum pedicellatum straw under Sahelian conditions was studied in northern Burkina Faso during the dry and wet seasons of 1995. Litterbags were laid on plots treated with drieldrin at a rate of 500 g a.i. (active ingredient) ha^–1 to exclude termite activity and on untreated plots. Termites were the only macroscopically visible consumers which were observed in the litterbags during the dry and wet season. In litterbags with no termites present the rate of breakdown of straw was lower during both the dry or wet seasons than in litterbags with termites. In the litterbags with termites, much of the mulch was taken off and replaced by termite-made sheeting. From April to September over 60% of the added material disappeared from termite litterbags, while only 18% of the added straw disappeared from litterbags without termites. From October to December, 28% of the straw disappeared from termite-infested litterbags versus 8% from litterbags without termites. The contribution of termites to the breakdown of straw was estimated to be over 70% for each of the two experiments. Under Sahelian conditions, the breakdown of organic residues is strongly influenced by termites. Received: 6 May 1998  相似文献   

Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to interactions between Pseudomonas species and Glomus clarum NT4   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. L. Walley  J. J. Germida 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,24(4):365-371

The effects of interactions between pseudomonads (Pseudomonas cepacia strains R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa strain R80, P. fluorescens strain R92, and P. putida strain R104) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Nicol. and Schenck) isolate NT4, on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Laura), grown under gnotobiotic and nonsterile conditions, were investigated. Although plant growth responses varied, positive responses to pseudomonad inoculants generally were obtained under gnotobiotic conditions. Shoot dry weight enhancement ranged from 16 to 48%, whereas root enhancement ranged from 82 to 137%. Shoot growth in nonsterile soil, however, was unaffected by pseudomonad inoculants, or reduced by as much as 24%. Shoot growth was unaffected or depressed by G. clarum NT4 whereas early root growth was enhanced by 38%. Significant interactions between the pseudomonad inoculants and G. clarum NT4 were detected. Typically, dual inoculation influenced the magnitude of response associated with any organism applied alone. The effect of these pseudomonads on G. clarum NT4 spore germination was investigated. Germination was inhibited when spores were incubated either on membranes placed directly on bacterial lawns of strains R85 and R104 (i.e., direct assay), or on agarose blocks separated from the bacteria by membranes (i.e., diffusion assay). When the agarose blocks were physically separated from the pseudomonad (i.e., volatile assay), there was no evidence of inhibition, suggesting that a nonvolatile, diffusible substance(s) produced by both strains R85 and R104 may inhibit G. clarum NT4 spore germination. Received: 11 December 1995  相似文献   

Differential responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) — Rhizobium combinations to saline soil conditions     

A. K. Saxena  R. B. Rewari 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(1):31-34

Summary Chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) and their symbiosis with specific strains of Rhizobium spp. were examined under salt stress. The growth of rhizobia declined with NaCl concentrations increasing from 0.01 to 2% (w : v). Two Rhizobium spp. strains (F-75 and KG 31) tolerated 1.5% NaCl. Of the 10 chickpea cultivars examined, only three (Pusa 312, Pusa 212, and Pusa 240) germinated at 1.5% NaCl. The chickpea — Rhizobium spp. symbiosis was examined in the field, with soil varying in salinity from electrical conductivity (EC) 4.5 to EC 5.2 dSm^-1, to identify combinations giving satisfactory yields. Significant interactions between strains and cultivars caused differential yields of nodules, dry matter, and grain. Four chickpea — Rhizobium spp. combinations, Pusa 240 and F-75 (660 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and IC 76 (440 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and KG 31 (390 kg ha^-1), and Pusa 312 and KG 31 (380 kg ha^-1), produced significantly higher grain yields in saline soil.  相似文献   

Effect of successive cuttings on uptake and partitioning of 15N among plant parts of Leucaena leucocephala     

N. Sanginga  F. Zapata  S. K. A. Danso  G. D. Bowen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(1):37-42

Summary We studied the effect of three successive cuttings on N uptake and fixation and N distribution in Leucaena leucocephala. Two isolines, uninoculated or inoculated with three different Rhizobium strains, were grown for 36 weeks and cut every 12 weeks. The soil was labelled with 50 ppm KNO₃ enriched with 10 atom % ¹⁵N excess soon after the first cutting. Except for the atom % ¹⁵N excess in branches of K28 at the second cutting, both the L. leucocephala isolines showed similar patterns of total N, fixed N₂, and N from fertilizer distribution in different parts of the plant at each cutting. The Rhizobium strain did not influence the partitioning of ¹⁵N among the different plant parts. Significant differences in ¹⁵N enrichment occurred in different parts. Live nodules of both isolines showed the lowest atom % ¹⁵N excess values (0.087), followed by leaves (0.492), branches (0.552), stems (0.591), and roots (0.857). The roots contained about 60% of the total plant N and about 70% of the total N derived from fertilizer over the successive cuttings. The total N₂ fixed in the roots was about 60% of that fixed in the whole plant, while the shoots contained only 20% of the fixed N₂. We conclude that N reserves in roots and nodules constitute another N source that must be taken into account when estimating fixed N₂ or the N balance after pruning or cutting plants. ¹⁵N enrichment declined up to about fivefold in the reference and the N₂-fixing plants over 24 weeks following the ¹⁵N application. The proportion and the amounts of N derived from fertilizer decreased, while the amount derived from N₂ fixation increased with time although its proportion remained constant.  相似文献   

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of mangroves in a semiarid coastal lagoon   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

P. Vazquez  G. Holguin  M. E. Puente  A. Lopez-Cortes  Y. Bashan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,30(5-6):460-468

 The phosphate-solubilizing potential of the rhizosphere microbial community in mangroves was demonstrated when culture media supplemented with insoluble, tribasic calcium phosphate, and incubated with roots of black (Avicennia germinans L.) and white [Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.] mangrove became transparent after a few days of incubation. Thirteen phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of both species of mangroves: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Paenibacillus macerans, Vibrio proteolyticus, Xanthobacter agilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter taylorae, Enterobacter asburiae, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Chryseomonas luteola. One bacterial isolate could not be identified. The rhizosphere of black mangroves also yielded the fungus Aspergillus niger. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of the isolates was first qualitatively evaluated by the formation of halos (clear zones) around the colonies growing on solid medium containing tribasic calcium phosphate as a sole phosphorus source. Spectrophotometric quantification of phosphate solubilization showed that all bacterial species and A. niger solubilized insoluble phosphate well in a liquid medium, and that V. proteolyticus was the most active solubilizing species among the bacteria. Gas chromatographic analyses of cell-free spent culture medium from the various bacteria demonstrated the presence of 11 identified, and several unidentified, volatile and nonvolatile organic acids. Those most commonly produced by different species were lactic, succinic, isovaleric, isobutyric, and acetic acids. Most of the bacterial species produced more than one organic acid whereas A. niger produced only succinic acid. We propose the production of organic acids by these mangrove rhizosphere microorganisms as a possible mechanism involved in the solubilization of insoluble calcium phosphate. Received: 21 April 1999  相似文献   

北苍术种子质量分级标准研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王娜  尹海波  陈吉祥 《种子》2021,(2):133-138

对源自不同产地的22份北苍术种子形态大小、含水量、千粒重、净度、生活力、发芽率等指标进行检验。在对试验数据进行收集、整理、分析的基础上,将其分成三个等级,本实验依据各项检测项目对22份北苍术种子进行检验,初步确定北苍术种子分级标准。  相似文献   

烟草主要真菌病害生防木霉的筛选   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

李梅云  王革  李天飞  刘开启 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,23(1):10-12

对峙培养结果表明18个木霉菌株对腐霉病（Pythium spp.）、链格孢（Alternaria alternata)、烟草疫霉（Phytophthora par-asitica var.nicotianae)、立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani)和胶孢炭疽菌（Collectotrichum gloeosporioides）均有不同程度拮抗作用,其中以TR13拮抗作用最好。重寄生现象观察结果表明,TR13能够重寄生烟草疫霉、胶孢炭疽菌和立枯丝核菌。  相似文献