Grain Yield and Drought Resistance Indices of Oat Cultivars in Field Rain Shelter and Laboratory Experiments     

S. Larsson  A. G. Górny 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,161(4):277-286

Oat cultivars (n = 22) varying in origin were examined in laboratory and field tests at Svalöv and Ultuna, Sweden, in 1985 and 1986. Comparisons were made between drought resistance characteristics of juvenile plants and drought responses in yield of crops grown in field. By using automatic, movable rain shelters in combination with drip irrigation systems, both high and low irrigation regimes could be effected in the field experiments.
Black oat cultivars were more stable under water deficiency conditions, particularly on sandy soil. They possessed the highest drought resistance indices both in the laboratory and field. Modern white oat cultivars were found to be most drought sensitive.
Drought resistance index (DRI) and seminal root length (RL), as assessed in seedling stage, were strongly correlated with field drought susceptibility index (S). It is suggested that DRI and RL could be used as selection criteria to increase drought resistance of oats.  相似文献   

In vitro susceptibility of field isolates of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica recovered in Spain to several antimicrobial agents     

García del Blanco N  Gutiérrez Martín CB  de la Puente Redondo VA  Rodríguez Ferri EF 《Research in veterinary science》2004,76(3):195-198

Forty-two recent (1997-1999) Spanish isolates of Francisella tularensis subsp.holarctica were tested in a broth microdilution method for their susceptibilities to 29 antimicrobial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamicins, monobactams, penems, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, chloramphenicol and fosfomycin. The isolates were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and susceptible to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin.  相似文献   

Antibiotic sensitivity profiles do not reliably distinguish relapsing or persisting infections from reinfections in cats with chronic renal failure and multiple diagnoses of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection     

Freitag T  Squires RA  Schmid J  Elliott J  Rycroft AN 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):245-249

Older cats with chronic renal failure (CRF) commonly develop urinary tract infections (UTI). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is identified as the causal agent of UTI in most affected cats. Infections are often complicated, and UPEC infections may persist or recur in these cats. Antibiotic sensitivity profiles have been used to distinguish relapsing or persisting UTI from reinfection by different clones of the same species. However, the accuracy with which antibiograms discriminate different urinary E coli clones in cats is uncertain. We studied 17 cystocentesis-derived UPEC isolates collected from 5 cats with stable CRF and multiple diagnoses of UTI. UTIs were classified as relapses versus persistent infections or reinfections using antibiograms determined by Kirby-Bauer discs and Etests. Subsequently, clonality of UPEC isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A comparison of PFGE results with antibiograms indicated that antibiotic resistance patterns varied considerably within several individual E coli clones. Both antibiotic susceptibility tests differentiated between relapsing or persistent infections and reinfections with only 58% overall efficiency. Thus, antibiotic sensitivity profiles cannot be relied upon to distinguish between persisting or relapsing infections as compared to reinfections in cats with CRF and multiple diagnoses of E coli UTI.  相似文献   

山西运城地区苹果黄蚜对7种杀虫剂的敏感性     

封云涛  庾琴  王振  刘中芳  谢映平  范仁俊 《山西农业科学》2012,40(11):1214-1216

采用浸渍法在室内分别测定了2010,2011年苹果主产区运城苹果黄蚜田间种群对7种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明,运城地区苹果黄蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂敏感性最高,对有机磷类杀虫剂敏感性最低,对7种杀虫剂敏感性顺序为:啶虫脒>吡虫啉>联苯菊酯>高效氯氰菊酯>氰戊菊酯>辛硫磷>马拉硫磷。通过2 a测定比较,运城地区苹果黄蚜对7种杀虫剂敏感性均有不同程度的降低,其中,对辛硫磷的LC50值2011年是2010年的6.46倍。建议运城地区苹果园中限制使用有机磷类杀虫剂,以减缓苹果黄蚜抗性的发展,新烟碱类、菊酯类杀虫剂则要注意合理轮换使用,以延长其防治使用寿命。  相似文献   

关节炎患猪中猪丹毒丝菌的分离与鉴定     

梁跃  徐引弟  杨志昆  朱文豪  郭成留 《河南农业科学》2012,41(11):136-138

为给猪丹毒的防制提供依据,分离并鉴定了猪丹毒丝菌。将发生关节炎的猪关节液接种TSA培养基,挑取透明小菌落,染色,对G+小长丝杆菌进一步用猪丹毒丝菌16SrRNA基因的引物进行PCR鉴定。对鉴定为阳性的菌株进行药敏试验,结果显示,分离菌株对青霉素、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢唑啉、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、克林霉素、四环素、强力霉素、环丙沙星等敏感,对新霉素、复方新诺明、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、万古霉素、痢特灵等完全耐药,临床上应根据上述结果指导用药。  相似文献   

The Abundance and Population Dynamics of Leptocybe invasa （Hymenoptera： Eulophidae） Galls on Eucalyptus spp. in China     

ZHU Fang-li  REN Shun-xiang  QIU Bao-li  HUANG Zhen  PENG Zheng-qiang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,(12):2116-2123

  相似文献   

Bovine respiratory disease: efficacy of different prophylactic treatments in veal calves and antimicrobial resistance of isolated Pasteurellaceae     

Rérat M  Albini S  Jaquier V  Hüssy D 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,103(4):265-273

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two prophylactic antibiotic treatments against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in veal calves. In addition, the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolated Pasteurellaceae were tested. The calves were treated either on the day of arrival by a single administration of tulathromycin (group A, n = 20), by a peroral administration of chlortetracycline, sulphadimidine, and tylosin (group B, n = 20) for seven consecutive days, or were not prophylactically treated (group C, n = 19). On the first day of clinically diagnosed BRD, transtracheal lavage samples were obtained prior to therapeutic treatment and were subsequently cultured. Pasteurellaceae isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents by the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations. During the first 56 d after arrival, different calves in group A and B suffered from one episode of clinically diagnosed BRD while calves of group C experienced two episodes. The average daily weight gain during the same period was significantly lower in group C (0.89 ± 0.04 kg/d) than in the two prophylactically treated groups (1.14 ± 0.05 and 1.15 ± 0.04 kg/d for group A and B, respectively). The improved performance of groups A and B in comparison to group C could be related to a lower incidence of respiratory disorders during the first days after arrival in the prophylactically treated animals. No differences in the clinical efficacy were seen between the two tested prophylactic treatments. The most prevalent bacterial pathogens isolated (n = 79) were Pasteurella multocida (23% of isolated pathogens), Mycoplasma bovis (18%), and Mannheimia varigena (16%). For the isolated Pasteurellaceae, a high resistance pattern was observed to tylosin (83% of the tested P. multocida and 88% of the Mannheimia spp. isolates resistant) and tilmicosin (56% of the tested P. multocida isolates non-sensitive).  相似文献   

山东省部分地区兔大肠杆菌病发病特点与药敏试验分析     

李峰  刘吉山  李书光  王玉茂  梅建国  沈志强 《中国养兔杂志》2012,(8):10-12

于2011年1月至2012年7月,自山东省潍坊、临沂、淄博、滨州等部分地区送检114份病死兔病例中,经细菌分离鉴定,共分离到45株大肠杆菌。对上述大肠杆菌发病病例及发病日龄分析发现,1~3月龄发病数量占到64.4%;通过对其他病原的分离鉴定发现,不同病例存在球虫、魏氏梭菌、巴氏杆菌、波氏杆菌、链球菌、兔瘟等混合感染问题,混合感染病例占总病例近50%;对分离菌进行了药敏试验,发现其存在不同程度的耐药情况,其中对复方新诺明耐药性高达95.6%,对环丙沙星、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、新霉素的耐药性比率超过60%,而且二重耐药、多重耐药的情况较为普遍。  相似文献   

After‐effects of drought did not predispose young Picea abies to infection by the bark beetle‐transmitted blue‐stain fungus Ophiostoma polonicum     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):557-569

The defence of Norway spruce against a combined attack of the bark beetle Ips typographus and its associated blue‐stain fungi is based upon a) constitutive resin stored in ducts of the bark and sapwood, and b) induced resinosis in reaction zones surrounding the point of infection. Empirically, beetle epidemics are associated with external stresses, drought being a particularly prominent factor. An attempt was made to mechanistically explain the apparent link between drought and infestations, through studying after‐effects of drought on the induced defence in stressed trees. In the field, 3–5.5 m tall trees were exposed to artificial drought over three growth seasons to investigate whether this treatment would predispose them to fungal infection in a fourth season when drought was absent. Pre‐dawn xylem water potentials down to ‐1.85 MPa and a considerable foliage depletion were recorded. In the fourth season, the trees were inoculated with Ophiostoma polonicum, a pathogenic associate of Ips typographus. No difference in susceptibility could be seen between drought stressed trees and unstressed controls. Carbohydrate concentrations of foliage and branch bark were slightly enhanced and mineral nutrient concentrations strongly reduced in stressed trees.  相似文献   

鸭疫里默氏菌的分离鉴定及病理组织学观察     

高云航  幺乃全  徐凤宇  刘佳丽  张福君  马红霞  胡乐鹏 《中国兽医杂志》2012,48(5):20-22,98

从吉林某鸭场疑似鸭疫里默氏菌感染病/死鸭的脑部、心血分离到一株革兰阴性小杆菌,经细菌形态、生理生化、病理学观察、血清型鉴定与动物回归等试验,结果均证实分离株为RA,并将其命名为JL-RA1。该分离株对青霉素、替米考星、氟苯尼考高度敏感;而对头孢他啶、头孢曲松、磷霉素等多种药物完全耐药。  相似文献