Sex differences in metabolic rate and swimming performance in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): the effect of male secondary sexual traits          下载免费PDF全文

Yuya Makiguchi  Hisaya Nii  Katsuya Nakao  Hiroshi Ueda 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(2):322-332

Do secondary sexual traits, such as large dorsal hump and hooked snout, decrease the swimming efficiency of male pink salmon during freshwater migration? This is the first study to address the effects of secondary sexual traits in pink salmon on oxygen uptake and swimming capacity. We conducted a laboratory experiment using a swimming respirometer and a field study using electromyogram (EMG) telemetry in the Shibetsu River, Hokkaido, Japan. We compared the relationship between MO₂ (mg O₂·kg^?1·h^?1) and swimming velocity U (m·s^?1) in male and female fish, and also investigated the effects of morphological traits (secondary sexual characters) on the relationship between MO₂ (mg O₂·kg^?1·h^?1) and swimming velocity U (m·s^?1). Additionally, we compared energy costs and swimming behaviour during upstream migration between male and female pink salmon. The laboratory experiment revealed that MO₂ exponentially increased with increasing U; this increase was described by MO₂ = 167.9e^1.23U for males and 144.9e^1.14U for females. Linear mixed models found that hump height and the upper jaw length in males significantly and positively affected the relationship between MO₂ and U; no effect was found in females. The field study found that swimming velocity for both sexes estimated from EMG calibration was lower than optimal swimming velocity (U_opt) calculated from the laboratory experiment. We suggest that pink salmon in the Shibetsu River do not swim at the optimal swimming velocity because of the short migration distance involved (20 km).  相似文献   

Assessment of movements of resident stream brown trout, Salmo trutta L., among contiguous sections of stream     

J. H. Knouft  J. R. Spotila 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2002,11(2):85-92

Abstract – The present authors studied the movements of resident stream brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in Valley Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania, USA, using mark-recapture techniques as well as radio telemetry. The novel characteristic of this study is that the entire stream was sampled during recapture, thus minimizing the possibility of bias during this portion of the analysis. The authors tagged 627 trout between June and September, 1995, and made 94.6% of recaptures in December, 1995, and 98.5% of recaptures in March, 1996, within 800 m of the initial tagging sites. They also implanted six trout with radio transmitters and made 94.6% of contacts within 800 m of the initial implantation sites. The data, which were pooled from mark-recapture and radio telemetry studies, show that 95.5% of all recaptures and contacts were within 800 m of initial tagging sites. These results, derived from complete stream sampling, support previous studies indicating that a high percentage of resident stream salmonids remain in the same area of stream throughout the year.  相似文献   

Spatial behaviour of young-of-the-year northern pike (Esox lucius L.) in a temporarily flooded nursery area     

J. Cucherousset  J.-M. Paillisson  A. Cuzol  J.-M. Roussel 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2009,18(2):314-322

Abstract –  Unlike adult northern pike ( Esox lucius ), small-bodied young-of-the-year (YOY) individuals cannot be tracked by conventional telemetry, and virtually no data exist on their spatial behaviour. Here, we monitored 192 individuals released into a nursery area (0.47 ha, subdivided into 253 cells of 4 m × 5 m) that dried out progressively using a portable passive integrated transponder detector. Among them, 66 spent more than 5 days in the nursery area and were localised at least twice, allowing spatial behaviour analyses. The mean radial distance moved averaged 14.3 m (±8.4 SD, range 2.2–41.0) and the average daily movement was 8.0 m·day⁻¹ (±5.3 SD, range 0.6–31.1). Pike abundance in a cell significantly correlated with the abundance observed in adjacent cells within 32 m, confirming a patchy distribution. A selective use of the deepest area was measured while no effect of vegetation cover was observed at the cell scale. The existence of YOY pike aggregations and the positive correlation between water depth and their spatial distribution might, however, facilitate predation and/or cannibalism during this critical period. This also suggests that the choice of release habitats requires particular attention during restocking procedures.  相似文献   

Effects of release timing on migration behaviour and survival of hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon smolts in a regulated river     

Petri Karppinen  Pekka Jounela  Riina Huusko  Jaakko Erkinaro 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2014,23(3):438-452

In this study, 221 two‐year‐old hatchery‐reared salmon, Salmo salar, smolts were tagged with radio transmitters over a period of three consecutive years and released in the river in groups of 20–21 fish in various dates between late April and early June. Tagged smolts were tracked during their downstream migration in the lower 36‐km stretch of the regulated River Oulujoki, with the focus on the effects of release date, water temperature and river flow on migration behaviour and survival. The results indicate that release timing and river temperature have profound effects on the initiation of migration, swimming speed and survival of released S. salar smolts. Smolts released early in the spring in cold waters ceased migration after brief downstream movement and were vulnerable to predation, whereas the migration speed and survival rates increased markedly for smolts released later in the spring.  相似文献   

GPRS技术在鞍山水情自动遥测系统中的应用     

胡晓松  刘阳  马宇 《现代农业科技》2011,(9):33-34

简介了辽宁省鞍山水文分局水情分中心自动遥测系统概况,针对GPRS技术在鞍山水情自动遥测系统中应用的实际状况,介绍了其原理、传输方式、优越性、模块选用等,并对工作中的应用作了经验总结。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Juvenile salmon passage and survival through a fish weir and other routes at Foster Dam,Oregon, USA     

James S. Hughes  Fenton Khan  Stephanie A. Liss  Ryan A. Harnish  Gary E. Johnson  Brian B. Bellgraph  Katherine R. Znotinas 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(3):241-252

Downstream passage for juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) through the fish weir at Foster Dam, Oregon, was evaluated to assess the weir's efficacy as a long-term passage solution. Radio telemetry was used to estimate survival, passage and effectiveness for the fish weir, spillway and turbines. Survival of Chinook salmon through the fish weir varied by season and reservoir elevation (66%–87%), and passage proportions were low (8%–20%). Fish weir effectiveness was low to moderate (0.39–2.09). Steelhead survival was lower (57%–77%) but passed the fish weir in higher proportions (77%), and weir effectiveness was consistently high (2.96–5.49). The results indicate the existing fish weir will not be a suitable long-term passage solution for all species. However, because of the high passage proportions and effectiveness observed for steelhead, further development of the surface-flow concept appears to be promising for safely passing downstream-migrating fishes.  相似文献   

Variations in migration behaviour and mortality of Atlantic salmon smolts in four different hydroelectric facilities     

Petri Karppinen  Mikko Hynninen  Teppo Vehanen  Juha-Pekka Vähä 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(3):253-267

Migration behaviour, route selection and mortality of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts were studied at four different hydroelectric facilities in the River Mustionjoki, Finland, in May 2017. Radio-tagged smolts were released upstream of the power stations and tracked by stationary antenna-receiver systems and hand-held receivers. Tracking revealed a general tendency of smolts to move downstream with the main flow, but also variable behaviour and mortality related to diverse conditions characteristic of each power station. Average migration delay at the power stations ranged between 13.8 and 101.1 h (median: 1.7–61.5 h). Estimated mortality ranges were 0%–50% in the forebays, 4%–64% in the power stations and 2–30%/km during river migration after passage of the dam. This study provided essential information on behaviour and mortality in relation to local conditions at each power station required for successful application of fish bypass systems in a salmon restoration project.  相似文献   

Patterns of movement and habitat use by tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) in the Upper Zambezi River (Namibia)     

F. Økland  E. B. Thorstad  C. J. Hay  T. F. Næsje  B. Chanda 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2005,14(1):79-86

Abstract – During 6 November to 24 December 2000, 23 tigerfish [( Hydrocynus vittatus ), 30–54 cm] were tagged with radio transmitters in the Zambezi River (Namibia) to record habitat utilisation during low, rising and high water levels. The fish were tracked, on average, every fourth day during 23 November to 18 May. Two movement patterns were detected. Approximately 50% of the fish moved <1000 m among tracking surveys, staying within 'defined' home ranges. The remaining fish showed consistent site fidelity for periods, with long distance movements (>1000 m) to new areas among residency periods. Overall, mean distance moved between tracking surveys was 1447 m. Home range size varied among individuals, with a 95% probability of localisation within an average area of 276,978 m². The fish utilised a mean river stretch of 18,836 m (range = 90–71,840). All the fish were recorded in the main stem, and on average, 95% of the fixes were in the main stem during low water. However, the fish used temporary flooded areas to an increasing extent during the rising and high water period, but did not undertake long-distance migrations into the floodplains. Fish were sometimes near vegetation, but were never recorded into or under vegetation.  相似文献   

Translocation of Choctawhatchee beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus allophrys): hard lessons learned     

Jeffrey L. Van Zant  Michael C. Wooten 《Biological conservation》2003,112(3):405-413

Translocation of species for conservation purposes is a key element of many recovery programs. While the benefits of translocations seem obvious, potential negative effects have been described. For endangered beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus ssp.), repopulation of native, unoccupied habitat using translocated individuals has been extremely successful. Once populations are established, concerns over founder effects and isolation have led to proposals for continued secondary translocations. Unfortunately, little information is available to help formulate protocols for these actions. To test the effectiveness of translocation, the fates of 18 translocated Choctawhatchee beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus allophrys) were followed as they attempted to integrate into an established population. We found that translocated groups, repeated for two seasons, tended to use larger homeranges and significantly more burrows than did resident mice. The monthly (31 day) survival rate of resident mice was 3.4 times greater than for translocated individuals. We hypothesize that differential predation pressure was directly linked to the failure of mice to integrate successfully into the existing population. Given our results, we must advise caution and that additional knowledge be obtained before translocations are used to supplement existing populations.  相似文献   

Dynamic in-lake spawning migrations by female sockeye salmon     

D. B. Young  C. A. Woody 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2007,16(2):155-164

Abstract –  Precise homing by salmon to natal habitats is considered the primary mechanism in the evolution of population-specific traits, yet few studies have focused on this final phase of their spawning migration. We radio tagged 157 female sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) as they entered Lake Clark, Alaska, and tracked them every 1–10 days to their spawning locations. Contrary to past research, no specific shoreline migration pattern was observed (e.g., clockwise) nor did fish enter a tributary unless they spawned in that tributary. Tributary spawning fish migrated faster (mean = 4.7 km·day⁻¹, SD = 2.7, vs. 1.6 km·day⁻¹, SD = 2.1) and more directly (mean linearity = 0.8, SD = 0.2, vs. 0.4, SD = 0.2) than Lake Clark beach spawning fish. Although radio-tagged salmon migrated to within 5 km of their final spawning location in an average of 21.2 days (SD = 13.2), some fish migrated five times the distance necessary and over 50 days to reach their spawning destination. These results demonstrate the dynamic nature of this final phase of migration and support studies indicating a higher degree of homing precision by tributary spawning fish.  相似文献