Intestinal HCO3− secretion in marine teleost fish: evidence for an apical rather than a basolateral Cl−/HCO3− exchanger     

M. Grosell  C.N. Laliberte  S. Wood  F.B. Jensen  C.M. Wood 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,24(2):81-95

Intestinal fluid was collected from 11 marine teleost fish from the Baltic sea and the Pacific ocean. The anterior, mid and posterior segments of the intestine contained 33–110 mM of HCO₃ ^– equivalents (with exception of the Atlantic cod which contained only 5–15 mM). Considering literature values of transepithelial potentials and concentration gradients, these high levels of HCO₃ ^– equivalents are probably the result of active HCO₃ ^– transport. Possible HCO₃ ^– transport mechanisms were studied in the Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) in vitro. Measurements of net secretion of HCO₃ ^– equivalents across the intestinal epithelium revealed mucosal DIDS sensitivity (10^–4 M) and Cl^–-dependence of the HCO₃ ^– equivalent net flux, but no serosal DIDS (10^–4 M) sensitivity. Net Na⁺ uptake was abolished in the absence of Cl^–, but some Cl^– uptake persisted in the absence of Na⁺, at a rate similar to that of net HCO₃ ^– secretion. Anterior, mid and posterior segments of the intestine performed similarly. These observations support the presence of an apical rather than a basolateral Cl^–/HCO₃ ^– exchanger and thus contrast the currently accepted model for intestinal HCO₃ ^– secretion. This apical Cl^–/HCO₃ ^– exchanger alone, however, is not sufficient for maintaining the observed HCO₃ ^– equivalents gradient in vivo. We suggest a coupling of cytosolic carbonic anhydrase, a basolateral proton pump and the apical Cl^–/HCO₃ ^– exchanger to explain the intestinal HCO₃ ^– transport.  相似文献   

Morphometrics and ultrastructure of myocardial tissue in Notothenioid fishes     

Ian A. Johnston  Paul Harrison 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1987,3(1):1-6

Antarctic fish of the family Channichthyidae (Icefishes) lack the respiratory pigments haemoglobin and myoglobin. The morphometrics and ultrastructure of the ventricular myocardium of a benthic icefish,Chaenocephalus aceratus has been compared with that of a red-blooded Notothenioid fish,Notothenia neglecta, of similar habit.The mass of ventricular muscle as a percentage of bodyweight is 3 times greater in adultC. aceratus (0.32%) thanN. neglecta (0.11%). Myoglobin concentration in the ventricle ofN. neglecta, 20 nmoles/g, is comparable to that of temperate teleosts with similar activity patterns. The volume and surface densities of mitochondria are 41.5% and 0.32 m^–1 for Icefish and 25% and 0.15 m^–1 forN. neglecta, Cytochrome oxidase activities are similar in the two tissues whilst the volume density of myofibrils is higher forN. neglecta (47%) thanC. aceratus (29.9%).The proliferation of mitochondria in the myocardium of Icefish will reduce the diffusion path-length for oxygen between ventricular lumen and the outer mitochondrial membrane and may compensate for the absence of myoglobin.  相似文献   

低等真骨鱼类肌间骨的比较分析   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

吕耀平 《水产学报》2007,31(5):661-668

对骨舌鱼总目、海鲢总目、鲱形总目和骨鳔总目等低等真骨鱼类肌间骨的数量、形态和分布进行了比较分析,结果如下:1.海鳗肌间骨的数目最多(409枚),其次是刀鲚(221枚),黄颡鱼肌间骨数最少(8枚),双须骨舌鱼次之(70枚),鲤科鱼类的肌间骨数目在99~133之间。2.从骨舌鱼总目到骨鳔总目,各种肌间骨可归纳为7种形态类型,从简单形态向复杂形态演化,然后出现退化现象。双须骨舌鱼只有形态最简单的"I"形髓弓小骨,没有脉弓小骨;海鲢总目的海鳗出现一端两分叉的形态,而鲱形总目的鲥和刀鲚出现一端多分叉的形态,到骨鳔总目的各种鱼类,开始出现两端两分叉,并在此基础上出现各种更复杂的形态;肌间骨形态在鲤科的鲌亚科最复杂,从雅罗鱼亚科开始退化,到鲇形目髓弓小骨完全消失,而脉弓小骨仅留少数简单的I形;脉弓小骨形态的复杂性要比髓弓小骨低。3.从前向后,髓弓小骨形态依照从复杂到简单的顺序排列,而脉弓小骨没有这种明显的排列顺序。根据低等真骨鱼类的系统发育关系,结合肌间骨形态及其在各肌间隔的分布规律,本文认为,目前鲤科鱼类的各种肌间骨是通过两个途径演化而来的:从"I"形-"卜"形-"Y"形-一端多叉形和从"I"形-"卜"形-"Y"形-两端两分叉形-两端多叉形-树枝形。  相似文献   

Ultrastructure of the oocytes of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica during artificially induced sexual maturation     

Takaaki Kayaba  Noriko Takeda  Shinji Adachi  Kohei Yamauchi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(5):870-879

ABSTRACT: Morphological changes in the oocytes of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica , induced to undergo ovarian development by repeated injections of salmon pituitary homogenate, were examined using electron microscopy. Oil droplets were closely associated with organelles, especially mitochondria, and increased in number as oocyte growth proceeded. They fused at the migratory nucleus stage. During vitellogenesis, two types of cortical alveoli were distinguished, one having filamentous contents, the other having latticated contents. As oocytes reached maturity, the structure of the cortical alveoli was exclusively filamentous. Yolk globules were homogeneous and highly electrondense, but electrondensity decreased during hydration. The structure of the zona radiata of previtellogenic oocytes consisted of two layers, and an additional reticular network structure was formed on the inside of the zona radiata during the vitellogenic stage. The zona radiata lost the reticular network structure and assumed a layered structure of uniform electrondensity at the migratory nucleus stage. These structural changes during oocyte development were mostly comparable to those in other teleosts. Results of the present study should assist in developing improved methods for full control of artificial maturation in the Japanese eel.  相似文献   

硬骨鱼免疫相关microRNA研究进展     

汪小冬  金生振  赵鑫  熊舒婷  肖调义 《水产学报》2021,45(8):1430-1437

MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类长度为18～25 nt的非编码RNA,在硬骨鱼免疫应答中起重要作用。近年来,借助高通量测序与荧光定量PCR (RT-PCR)技术,筛选到大量免疫相关的差异表达miRNA (DE miRNA)。通过比较多种硬骨鱼在不同病毒/细菌感染条件的miRNA表达谱,筛选出相同DE miRNA,并认为筛选出的DE miRNA是潜在参与调节宿主免疫应答的进化上保守的候选DE miRNA。据此,我们在病毒感染表达谱中筛选到10个进化保守的DE miRNA,细菌感染表达谱中筛选到8个保守的DE miRNA。此外,miRNA的功能研究也取得较大进展,宿主miRNA不仅可直接抑制病毒的复制,同时参与调控干扰素反应、炎症、细胞凋亡等过程。本文简述了硬骨鱼免疫相关miRNA的研究进展,以期为硬骨鱼疾病预防与治疗提供新思路。  相似文献   

Monoaminergic substances in the teleost brain: Catecholamine levels in male and female winter flounder,Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum,associated with gonadal recrudescence     

Laurence W. Crim  Donna M. Evans  Kay Moreland 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):95-100

High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) was used to quantitate catecholamine (CA) levels in the winter flounder brain following perchloric acid extraction/alumina purification of CNS tissues. Greater concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were present in the hypothalamus compared with the CA levels in whole brain. A seasonal study of CA brain levels in reproductively active male and female flounder demonstrated that monoamine levels reach their maxima in October in association with the rapid increases in gonadosomatic index. When perchloric acid extracts of the teleost and rat hypothalamus were submitted to direct HPLC-EC analysis, without alumina purification of CA neurotransmitters, similar hypothalamic profiles were obtained indicating the presence of identifiable biogenic amine neurotransmitters substances including NE, DA and serotonin (5-HT).  相似文献   

益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫影响的研究进展     

陶锣涛  康元环  张蕾  孙武文  李影  钱爱东  单晓枫 《中国畜牧兽医》2019,46(12):3792-3798

益生菌在健康硬骨鱼肠道中不仅起到抑制致病微生物的作用,而且更重要的是,益生菌能够刺激和增强肠道黏膜免疫系统,在肠道免疫中起重要作用。近年来,硬骨鱼黏膜免疫因其多样性及其不明确的定义,已成为热门的研究课题。硬骨鱼与水生环境直接接触,使肠道黏膜表面易受各种病原体的侵袭。免疫调节是硬骨鱼中有效的预防性措施,而益生菌能够提高肠道黏膜表面固有的免疫活性细胞和因子,对病原体起颉颃作用。益生菌主要通过口服方式进入鱼体,而肠道作为其主要靶器官,对鱼体产生特异性免疫应答。因此,关于益生菌影响肠道黏膜免疫系统的研究值得关注。相比于哺乳动物,硬骨鱼具有更加弥散的肠淋巴系统。局部免疫应答所必需的免疫细胞大量存在于肠道黏膜中,并且可以在免疫后的鱼体肠道中监测到局部免疫应答。文章综述了近年来硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫系统以及益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫的影响,并对鱼类益生菌的进一步研究进行了展望,以期为后续研究益生菌与硬骨鱼之间相互作用提供参考。  相似文献   

硬骨鱼类卵子质量研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾玉东  雷霁霖 《中国水产科学》2012,19(3):545-555

鱼类卵子质量被定义为卵子受精和随之发育成正常胚胎的能力,其质量的优劣是影响鱼类人工繁育成败的关键因素,对养殖产业高效、可持续发展具有重要意义。本文就硬骨鱼类卵子质量的研究现状进行了概括及评析,从硬骨鱼类卵子的发生发育规律、卵子质量评价标准、影响卵子质量的内外因素及相关调控机理等方面进行了综合评述,并对今后硬骨鱼类卵子质量研究发展趋势进行了展望,旨在为硬骨鱼类卵子质量标准评价体系的建立提供科学依据,同时为海水养殖鱼类种苗生产提供可控性强的工艺流程。  相似文献   

Viral susceptibility,transfection and growth of SPB – a fish neural progenitor cell line from the brain of snubnose pompano,Trachinotus blochii (Lacépède)     

C‐M Wen  C‐C Ku  C‐S Wang 《Journal of fish diseases》2013,36(7):657-667

This study investigates the susceptibilities of the SPB cell line to fish viruses including giant seaperch iridovirus (GSIV‐K1), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV‐Ku), grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV‐K1), chum salmon reovirus (CSV) and eel herpesvirus (HVA). GSIV‐K1, RSIV‐Ku and CSV replicated well in SPB cells, with a significant cytopathic effect and virus production. However, the cells were HVA and GNNV refractory. To examine the ability of SPB cells to stably express foreign protein, expression vectors encoding GNNV B1 and B2 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and GSIV ORF35L fused to DsRed were constructed and introduced by transfection into SPB cells. Stable transfectants displayed different morphologies compared with SPB and with each other. EGFP‐B1 was predominantly localized in the nuclei, EFPF‐B2 was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus, and granular 35L‐DsRed was localized with secreted vesicles. The expression of EFPF‐B2 in SPB cells produced blebs on the surface, but the cells showing stable expression of EGFP, EGFP‐B1 or 35L‐DsRed showed normal morphologies. Results show the SPB cells and the transfected cells grow well at temperatures between 20 and 35 °C and with serum‐dependent growth. SPB cells are suitable for studies on foreign protein expression and virology.  相似文献   

Intestinal epithelium of juvenile dourado Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) fed diet with lyophilized bovine colostrum          下载免费PDF全文

Thaline Maira Pachelli da Cruz  Debora Botequio Moretti  Wiolene Montanari Nordi  Jose Eurico Possebon Cyrino  Raul Machado‐Neto 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(2):561-569

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lyophilized bovine colostrum (LBC) used as partial source of dietary protein on the histological characteristics of the intestinal epithelium of juvenile dourado Salminus brasiliensis. Juveniles were fed diets containing 0%, 10% or 20% of LBC inclusion for either 30 or 60 days. For the histological study, the intestine was divided into three segments, S1, S2 and posterior intestine. In the S1 segment, interaction between treatment and period was observed in the number of goblet cells containing sialomucin, effect of treatment in the total number of goblet cells and effect of period in the number of goblet cells containing sulphomucins (P < 0.05). In the S2 segment, effect of period was observed in the number of goblet cells containing acid, neutral and total mucins, sialomucins and the partial volume of the absorptive mucosa (Vv) (P < 0.05). In the posterior intestine, effect of period was observed in the thickness of muscle layer and number of goblet cells containing sialomucins and sulphomucins (P < 0.05). Considering the aspects studied, the presence of 0%, 10% or 20% of LBC in the diet did not significantly influence the enteric histological characteristics of juvenile dourado during the period of the study.  相似文献