Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) reserves          下载免费PDF全文

Michiel H. H. HÖTTE  Igor A. KOLODIN  Sergei L. BEREZNUK  Jonathan C. SLAGHT  Linda L. KERLEY  Svetlana V. SOUTYRINA  Galina P. SALKINA  Olga Y. ZAUMYSLOVA  Emma J. STOKES  Dale G. MIQUELLE 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(1):2-15

Although considerable conservation resources have been committed to develop and use law enforcement monitoring and management tools such as SMART, measures of success are ill‐defined and, to date, few reports detail results post‐implementation. Here, we present 4 case studies from protected areas with Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in Russia, in which indicators of success were defined and evaluated at each. The ultimate goal was an increase in tiger numbers to 1 individual/100 km² at each site. We predicted that improvements in law enforcement effectiveness would be followed by increases in prey numbers and, subsequently, tiger numbers. We used short‐term and long‐term indicators of success, including: (i) patrol team effort and effectiveness; (ii) catch per unit effort indicators (to measure reductions in threats); and (iii) changes in target species numbers. In addition to implementing a monitoring system, we focused on improving law enforcement management using an adaptive management process. Over 4 years, we noted clear increases in patrol effort and a partial reduction in threats. Although we did not detect clear trends in ungulate numbers, tiger populations remained stable or increased, suggesting that poaching of tigers may be more limiting than prey depletion. Increased effectiveness is needed before a clear reduction in threats can be noted, and more time is needed before detecting responses in target populations. Nonetheless, delineation of concrete goals and indicators of success provide a means of evaluating progress and weaknesses. Such monitoring should be a central component of law enforcement strategies for protected areas.  相似文献   

Genetic structure of the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) population: Are tigers in Sikhote‐Alin and southwest Primorye truly isolated?          下载免费PDF全文

Pavel A. SOROKIN  Vyatcheslav V. ROZHNOV  Anna U. KRASNENKO  Victor S. LUKAREVSKIY  Sergey V. NAIDENKO  Jose A. HERNANDEZ‐BLANCO 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(1):25-32

We used molecular genetic analyses to noninvasively identify individual Amur tigers and define subpopulations of tigers in the Russian Far East. We identified 63 individuals after genotyping 256 feces, 7 hair and 11 blood samples collected within southern, central and northern Sikhote‐Alin, as well as Southwest Primorye. Analysis of nuclear DNA at 9 microsatellite loci demonstrated greater genetic similarity between animals from southern and northern Sikhote‐Alin (some 500 km apart) than between animals from Ussuriskii State Nature Reserve and Southwest Primorye (less than 10 km apart at their nearest point), suggesting that a true barrier exists preventing movements of tigers between Southwest Primorye and the southern Sikhote‐Alin Mountains.  相似文献   

对虾池不同综合养殖系统效率和效益的比较研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王吉桥 《水产学报》1999,23(1):45-52

利用５０个５．０×５．０×１．８ｍ陆基围隔研究了中国对虾与台湾红罗非鱼、海湾扇贝和缢蛏投饵或施肥混养及鲈鱼与中国对虾和台湾红罗非鱼混养最佳结构的生态效率、生产效果和经济效益。结果表明,几种综合养殖系统最佳结构下各种养殖对象对Ｎ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（３０．９１％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（２１．０９％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（２０．１２％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１７．８１％）＞对虾－缢蛏（１６．９３％）＞单养对虾（１１．５２％）;对Ｐ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：对虾－缢蛏（１６．０８％）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１２．８３％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１２．６３％）＞单养对虾（１０．８８％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（６．０１％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（４．０４％）;其产出投入比由高至低依次为：对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１．９９）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（１．９８）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（１．５３）＞单养对虾（１．３８）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１．３０）＞对虾－缢蛏（１．２３）。  相似文献   

Depth, temperature and salinity preferences of newly recruited penaeid shrimps in Kuwait waters     

YIMIN YE  MOHAMMED  & BISHOP 《Fisheries Oceanography》1999,8(2):128-138

Associations between catches and depth, temperature and salinity data obtained from the 1994–97 preseason shrimp trawl surveys in Kuwait waters were analysed using cumulative distribution functions and overlap coefficients. No single environmental factor had a controlling influence on shrimp distribution. Shrimp associations with the joint distributions of two environmental variables were stronger and more consistent over time than those with any single environmental factor. All three shrimp species examined in this study were significantly associated with the joint distributions of depth and temperature, and depth and salinity, indicating depth as the most influential factor in structuring the shrimp distributions during the surveys. Metapenaeus affinis and Parapenaeopsis stylifera were distributed at similar ranges of depth (8–15 m), temperature (26–31°C) and salinity (35–41‰), and had very high overlap coefficients. These two species can be categorized as co-occurring species in the sampled area. Penaeus semisulcatus had the widest range of the three environmental variables investigated in this study, particularly depth (8–32 m) and temperature (24–32°C).  相似文献   

维生素C对虾类生长和健康调节作用研究进展     

谭青松  孔凡双  朱文欢 《动物营养学报》2022,34(1):1-10

在集约化养殖条件下,确保虾类健康是养虾业可持续发展的关键.维生素C作为鱼虾类重要的营养和免疫调节物在水产业已得到广泛应用.国内外针对维生素C对虾类的影响已开展了诸多研究,主要集中在估计最大生长和免疫反应所需的最低维生素C需求,以及制定成本最低的饲料.但是,维生素C对虾类的健康调节作用和机制还需进一步研究.本文综述了维生...  相似文献   

Calcium Requirement of Tiger Puffer Fed a Semi-Purified Diet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.A. Hossain  M. Furuichi 《Aquaculture International》1999,7(5):287-293

Juvenile tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) were fed semi-purified diets with graded levels (0–0.40%) of calcium (Ca) supplements for 8 weeks at a temperature of 23.0–25.5 °C. At the end of the feeding experiment, average final body weight increased with increasing dietary Ca levels. A diet without Ca supplement resulted in poor average final body weight and 0.05% dietary Ca supplement could not significantly improve the growth. However, supplemental Ca levels of 0.10–0.40% significantly increased growth. Dietary Ca supplements of 0.10% or more also improved the feed efficiency in tiger puffer. Ca and phosphorus contents of the bone were independent of dietary Ca supplements. However, 0.40% Ca in the diet decreased the zinc and manganese contents of bone. Results indicated that supplemental Ca levels of 0.10–0.20% in a semi-purified diet were required to maintain normal growth, feed utilization and bone mineralization of tiger puffer.  相似文献   

中国对虾与缢蛏投饵混养的实验研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

王吉桥  李德尚  董双林  王克行  田相利 《大连水产学院学报》1999,14(1):9-15

在４ 个５０ ｍ × ５０ ｍ ×１８ ｍ 的陆基围隔中分别放入缢蛏 （ Ｓｉｎｏｎｏｖａｃｕｌａ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｉｃｔａ） ０ ,２５０ , ３７５ 和５００ 只（ ０ , １０ ,１５ 和２０ 只／ ｍ ２） , 壳长为 ５４０ ｃｍ ±０３５ ｃ ｍ , 再放入等量 （６ 尾／ ｍ ２） 的中国对虾 （ Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） , 体长为２８５ ｃｍ ±０１６ ｃ ｍ 。投饵饲养３ 个月结果表明, 缢蛏放养密度为２０ 只／ ｍ ２ 时, 对虾的成活率 （７４０ ％ ） 和产量 （４１３６ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２） 最高, 分别比单养对虾的成活率（６５０ ％ ） 和产量 （３０５４ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２） 高１３８ ％ 和３５４ ％ , 氮的绝对利用率提高了５３ ％ 。缢蛏密度为１０ 只／ ｍ ２ 时, 其成活率和产量最高, 为９０４ ％ 和３１６ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２ ; 密度为２０ 只／ ｍ ２ 时, 降至 ７８２ ％ 和９２ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２。本系统中对虾的生产潜力为１２４ ｇ／ （ ｍ ２·ｄ） , 缢蛏的极限配养量为１５００ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２ 左右。  相似文献   

口虾蛄人工育苗生产技术   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王波  张锡烈 《齐鲁渔业》1998,15(6):14-16

根据自己对口虾蛄复苗成功经验,结合国内外学者的研究成果,。综述了口虾蛄的交尾,产卵,孵化等繁殖生物学特性,报道了亲虾蛄的选择发育时序,特征和培育技术。  相似文献   

Dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio influences the efficacy of microbial phytase on growth,mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in juvenile tiger puffer,Takifugu rubripes     

A. LAINING  M. ISHIKAWA  K. KYAW  J. GAO  N.T. BINH  S. KOSHIO  S. YAMAGUCHI  S. YOKOYAMA  J. KOYAMA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(3):267-277

A 2 × 3 factorial feeding trial was conducted to determine effects of dietary Ca/P ratio and dietary microbial phytase on growth, mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in tiger puffer. The treatments consisted of three levels of Ca/P ratios (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) combined either with phytase (2000 FTU kg^?1 diet) or without supplementation, respectively. The Ca/P ratios were achieved by supplementing calcium at 0, 6 and 12 g kg^?1 combined with the same level of inorganic P at 5 g kg^?1. After a 50‐day feeding trial, puffer fish fed the diet at low Ca/P ratio (0.5) together with phytase had significantly higher growth rate and feed intake (FI) than other groups. Both dietary Ca/P ratio and phytase supplement were independent effects on plasma minerals and alkaline phosphatase. Interactive effect between both dietary treatments was observed on P and Zn contents in vertebrae and whole body. P and Zn digestibilities tended to increase with increased Ca/P ratio from 0.5 to 1.0, especially when phytase was supplemented. In conclusion, fish fed a diet with highest Ca/P ratio (1.5) showed the poorest growth performance and nutrients utilization. Dietary Ca/P ratio of 0.5 (without Ca supplement) with 2000 FTU phytase per kg would be the optimum combination in the diet of tiger puffer.  相似文献   

Effects of supplementation of crystalline or coated methionine on growth performance and feed utilization of the pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei     

S.Y. CHI  B.P. TAN  H.Z. LIN  K.S. MAI  Q.H. AI  X.J. WANG  W.B. ZHANG  W. XU  Z.G. LIUFU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e1-e9

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of crystalline methionine or coated methionine supplemented in diets of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on growth performance and feed utilization. Five iso‐nitrogen and iso‐caloric diets were prepared in which diets were supplemented with cellulose‐acetate‐phthalate (CAP), tripalmitin‐polyvinyl alcohol (TPA), acrylic resin (RES) coated l ‐methionine, hydroxyl‐methionine calcium (MHA) and crystalline l ‐methionine diet (MET, control), respectively. After 7 weeks, shrimp (0.81 ± 0.01 g in initial body weight) weight gain fed with MET and RES diets were significantly higher than that of the others (P < 0.05), while feed conversion ratio of shrimp fed with RES was significantly lower than the others (P < 0.05). Crude protein (as wet weight basis) in whole body of shrimp fed the RES diet was markedly higher than the others (P < 0.05). Methionine contents in muscle of CAP and MHA groups were significantly higher than those of MET group (P < 0.05). Apparently digestibility for essential amino acid of MET group was the highest except methionine. In the present study, RES coating methionine appeared to effectively improve feed protein utilization and enhance growth performance of Pacific white shrimp fed with low fishmeal practical diet.  相似文献