Dietary biofloc supplementation in black tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon: effects on immunity,antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activities          下载免费PDF全文

Panantharayil Sudhayam Shyne Anand  Sujeet Kumar  Mahinder Pal Singh Kohli  Jitendra Kumar Sundaray  Archana Sinha  Gour Hari Pailan  Sibnarayan Dam Roy 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(8):4512-4523

A 60‐day indoor experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on metabolic enzyme activities and immune responses in Penaeus monodon juveniles. Biofloc developed in indoor fibreglass‐reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks (1000 L) was used as dietary supplement in P. monodon (2.90 ± 0.10 g) reared in 1000‐L FRP tanks. Graded level of dried biofloc was included in shrimp basal diets, 0% (control, B0), 4% (B4), 8% (B8) and 12% (B12). The level of metabolic enzymes like malate dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was not significantly different with control up to 8% dietary supplementation. A higher level of total haemocyte count (THC) was noticed in B8 (22.16 ± 2.17 × 10⁶ cells mL^?1) and B4 (21.11 ± 0.56 × 10⁶ cells mL^?1) compared with control, C (14.61 ± 2.74 × 10⁶ cells mL^?1). Biofloc‐supplemented groups recorded significantly higher (P < 0.05) serum SOD and catalase activity (P < 0.01) in comparison with control. The groups fed with 4% dietary biofloc supplement recorded highest relative percentage survival (RPS), 45% after challenge with Vibrio harveyi followed by 36% and 27% RPS in B8 and B12 groups. Based on these results, it can be concluded that supplementation of biofloc even at 4% level in the feed improves immune responses and metabolic activities in black tiger shrimp juveniles.  相似文献   

中国水产动物病毒学研究概述   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

桂朗  张奇亚 《水产学报》2019,43(1):168-187

本研究简要概述了过去几十年来中国水产养殖动物病毒学的代表性研究成果,主要涉及鱼类病毒、虾类病毒、两栖和爬行动物病毒等。此外,本研究还展望了水产动物病毒学研究的发展趋势,以有助于加深对中国水产养殖动物病毒学研究现状和未来发展的认识。  相似文献   

对虾微量元素研究进展     

焦乐飞  代恬梦  金敏  孙蓬  周歧存 《水产学报》2019,43(10):2093-2101

微量元素作为多种酶的辅助因子或结构成分,参与机体多种新陈代谢过程,在维持动物健康和正常生理功能中发挥着极其重要的作用。动物对微量元素营养需求极少,但缺乏、过量或摄入不平衡都会对动物机体生长代谢、免疫、繁殖等带来严重不良影响。本文较详细、系统地总结了国内外关于微量元素在对虾生长代谢、免疫、疾病预防、性腺发育等方面的作用,以及对虾对无机和有机微量元素的吸收、转运和代谢机理,为今后开展对虾优质配合饲料研发提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Experimental horizontal transmission of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in post‐larvae of whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei     

Kesavan Karthikeyan  Raja Sudhakaran 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(3):397-404

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidian parasite that causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in penaeid shrimp. HPM was observed in several countries, including Thailand and India; it has become a prominent pathogen in shrimp culture. Based on observations on EHP infection in the wild, the route of transmission has been hypothesized. Identification of artificial EHP infection procedures can facilitate our understanding of EHP transmission. Experimental transmission of EHP was attempted using the immersion and oral infections of infection. In the immersion mode, post‐larvae (PL) were exposed to an EHP tissue homogenate (0.2%) by immersion for 48 hr. Experimental samples were collected at various time points, and infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction, haematoxylin and eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy and modified trichrome staining. All test results revealed successful EHP transmission. Similar results were obtained through oral infection (oral infection). Innate immune gene expression patterns during infection were analysed; prophenoloxidase, crustin and superoxide dismutase were upregulated at 6, 6 and 48 hr post‐challenge, respectively. Experimental infection procedures facilitate the development of diagnostic and prevention strategies. This is the first study demonstrating the experimental transmission of EHP in shrimp PL.  相似文献   

海南地区鱼虾混养模式下密度对罗非鱼的生长、代谢和免疫的影响     

肖炜  李大宇  邹芝英  祝璟琳  李芳远  佟延南  王德强  杨弘 《淡水渔业》2019,49(2):101-106

为优化鱼虾混养模式,设置不同的罗非鱼(Oreochromis)养殖密度(6 000、8 000和10 000尾/667 m^2),凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)轮捕轮放,每次每口5 000尾,通过150 d的养殖比较分析罗非鱼生长、血清代谢和非特异性免疫。结果显示:3个密度下罗非鱼增重率分别为71 194%、69 285%和49 977%,特定生长率分别为4.37%/d、4.36%/d和4.14%/d;10 000尾/667 m^2密度下罗非鱼血清中葡萄糖、甘油三脂和总胆固醇浓度均低于6 000尾/667 m^2和8 000尾/667 m^2密度组,而血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶含量则呈现相反的趋势;肝脏免疫基因C-LZM表达量随着养殖密度的上升显著下调,而IL-1β、TNF-α则与之相反,6 000尾/667 m^2密度下罗非鱼肝脏表达水平显著低于10 000尾/667 m^2组。结果表明,高密度养殖下养殖密度对罗非鱼生长、血清代谢、肝脏免疫基因表达影响显著,建议罗非鱼密度不高于8 000尾/667 m^2。  相似文献   

亚硝酸盐氮对日本囊对虾幼虾的急性毒性研究     

陈亭君  刘建勇  申玉春  栗志民 《渔业现代化》2019,(3):35-40

在水温(28±0.2)℃、盐度29.8±0.2、pH8.0±0.2和溶氧6.0mg/L的条件下,将体长(49.28±4.79)mm日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)幼虾放在盛水20L的100L白桶中,用NaNO2(分析纯)溶于新鲜海水配制成2000mg/L的母液,使试验组水中亚硝酸盐氮(NO2^--N)质量浓度为151.36、239.88、380.19、602.56、954.99mg/L,采用静水毒性试验法研究了亚硝酸盐氮对日本囊对虾幼虾的急性毒性。结果显示,NO2^--N毒性效应与质量浓度和胁迫时间呈正相关。在同一时间下日本囊对虾的死亡率随着NO2^--N质量浓度的升高而增加;在同一质量浓度下对虾的死亡率随着时间的延长而升高。NO2^--N对日本囊对虾24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为1806.100、970.939、780.050、427.391mg/L,安全质量浓度为42.739mg/L。NO2^--N质量浓度为151.36、239.88、380.19、602.56、954.99mg/L的半致死时间(LT50)分别是120.008、111.954、94.207、78.810、60.102h。试验表明,日本囊对虾养殖水体中NO-2-N质量浓度应控制42.739mg/L以下。  相似文献   

Evaluation of antimicrobial products used in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture     

Kang Li  Liping Liu  Jia Zhan  Marie‐Louise Scippo  Anders Dalsgaard 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):925-933

Despite the importance of aquaculture increases for feeding the growing world population, professional farm management and proper use of aquaculture products or drugs are needed. It is important to know the quality of commercial antimicrobial products on the market while there is wide use of antimicrobials to treat fish diseases. The most commonly used antimicrobial products were identified from a previous survey, included amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, sulphadiazine, sulphamonomethoxine and sulphadimidine. Eight local chemical supply shops were randomly sampled in representative aquaculture areas in Maoming and Zhanjiang districts of south China in 2013. In this study, only eight products contained active substances within ±10% of the concentration declared on the product label among the 30 different most used commercial products; while six products did not contain any of the declared antimicrobials. Three products without labels were sold as ‘pure antimicrobial’ and had high concentrations of active antimicrobials. Furthermore, most products only provided ambiguous information on the packages on both antimicrobial usage and dosage; and only one product stated how to prepare medicated feed which is important for efficient usage. The results of this study showed that the aquaculture antimicrobial products sold on the market were of low quality and thus compromised effective fish disease treatment. Moreover, insufficient information on products’ labels would provide limited instruction on correct antimicrobial usage. Inspection and supervision by both private companies and the government's sector require strengthening.  相似文献   

The growth and apparent digestibility of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,are increased with the probiotic,Bacillus subtilis     

Chin‐Yen Tsai  Chia‐Chun Chi  Chun‐Hung Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(5):1475-1481

The aims of this study were to evaluate the probiotic efficiency of Bacillus subtilis E20 (10⁹ colony‐forming units kg^?1) on the growth and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), amino acids (AAs), and crude lipids (CLs) of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. A control diet without probiotic supplementation was used. Shrimp exhibited significant increases in growth performance and feed utilization after being fed the test diet for 56 days. Shrimp were then used to evaluate the apparent nutrient digestibility using 0.1% Cr₂O₃ in the diet as an indicator. During the trial, faeces was collected from triplicate groups of shrimp twice daily. ADCs of CP and DM in the test diet significantly increased compared to those of the control diet. Although the ADCs of CLs did not significantly differ between the control and probiotic group, the ADC of CLs was higher in the probiotic group than in the control group. In addition, ADCs of most AAs in the test diet were significantly higher compared to those of the control diet. These results suggest that shrimp in the test group had significantly better growth performance, which was due to increases in nutrient digestibility and absorption.  相似文献   

Integration of substrate in biofloc based system: Effects on growth performance,water quality and immune responses in black tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon culture     

Sujeet Kumar  Panantharayil Sudhayam Shyne Anand  Debasis De  Tapas Kumar Ghoshal  Sankar V. Alavandi  Koyadan Kizhakedath Vijayan 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2986-2999

To evaluate effect of substrate integration in biofloc based system, a 52‐day growth experiment was conducted using black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon juveniles (3.32 ± 0.07 g). The factorial design consisted of floc, F (with or without) as first factor and substrate (bamboo mat, B; nylon mesh, N; and without substrate) as second factor. This resulted six treatments; F + B, F + N, F, B, N and a control without biofloc and substrate. Shrimps were stocked at 110 nos. m^–3 in Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) tanks and, rice flour was used as carbon source in biofloc based treatments. Incorporation of nylon mesh and bamboo mat in biofloc system trapped 31.3%–38.6% and 8.5%–13.5% total suspended solids respectively and reduced bottom solid deposition. Among the substrate based groups, significantly better development of biofilm with higher microbial population noticed in F + B compared with nylon mesh. Similarly, significantly higher final growth (p < 0.01) was recorded in F + B system followed by F + N while no significant difference in body weight recorded among floc, F or substrate based groups (B, N). Biofloc and substrate integration (F + B and F + N) resulted significantly (p < 0.01) lower feed conversion ratio compared to control and floc. Incoporation of bamboo substrate in biofloc, (F + B) improved shrimp immune responses through higher hemocyte counts and prophenoloxidase activity compared to other treatments. The study revealed that integration of substrate in the biofloc system improved growth performance, FCR and immune parameters in shrimp by trapping the suspended biofloc particles, better water quality parameters, enhanced biofilm growth and provision of quality natural food.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a cocktail of phages for the control of presumptive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains associated to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease     

Romn Makarov  Carlos Omar Lomelí‐Ortega  Lina Anglica Zermeo‐Cervantes  Eugenio García‐lvarez  Jesús Neftalí Gutirrez‐Rivera  Csar Salvador Cardona‐Flix  Sergio Francisco Martínez‐Díaz 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(11):3107-3116

Shrimp culture is a well‐established and fast‐growing industry that produces economic and social benefits in many countries. However, during the last years, it was severely affected by the emergence of the Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) or Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND). This disease is mainly attributed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and currently, there is no effective cure or treatment. In this study, the use of T2A2 and VH5e bacteriophages was evaluated to control different AHPND‐positive strains (presumptively identified as V. parahaemolyticus, VP_AHPND) under laboratory conditions. Lytic effect of T2A2 and VH5e bacteriophages against different strains isolated from AHPND outbreaks was corroborated. In addition, the effectiveness of the mixture of both phages was tested on a brine shrimp experimental infection model using three highly virulent VP_AHPND strains. It has been found that phage‐treated brine shrimp had significantly higher survival percentage compared with non‐treated groups (p < .001). Also, phage cocktail was found to be harmless to the organisms. These results suggest that the phage mixture is worth considering as a possible control measure for positive AHPND strains, although it is clear that further and more extensive testing is needed.  相似文献