Effect of allele combinations at Ppd-1 loci on durum wheat grain filling at contrasting latitudes     

Jose M. Arjona  Conxita Royo  Susanne Dreisigacker  Karim Ammar  Joan Subirà  Dolors Villegas 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(1):64-75

Flowering time is the most critical developmental stage in wheat, as it determines environmental conditions during grain filling. Thirty-five spring durum genotypes carrying all known allele variants at Ppd-1 loci were evaluated in fully irrigated field experiments for three years at latitudes of 41°N (Spain), 27°N (northern Mexico) and 19°N (southern Mexico). Relationships between weight of central grains of main spikes (W) and thermal time from flowering to maturity were described by a logistic equation. Differences in flowering time between the allele combination causing the earliest (GS100/Ppd-B1a) and the latest (Ppd-A1b/Ppd-B1a) flowering were 7, 20 and 18 days in Spain, northern Mexico and southern Mexico, respectively. Flowering delay drastically reduced the mean grain filling rate (R) and W at all sites. At autumn-sowing sites, an increase of 1°C in mean temperature during the first half of the grain filling period decreased W by 5.2 mg per grain. At these sites, W was strongly dependent on R. At the spring-sowing site (southern Mexico), W depended on both R and grain filling duration. Our results suggest that incorporating the allele combinations GS100/Ppd-B1a and GS105/Ppd-B1a (alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity) in newly released varieties can reduce the negative effects of climate change on grain filling at the studied latitudes.  相似文献   

Influences of population density,temperature and latitude on the growth of invasive topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva          下载免费PDF全文

Gareth D. Davies  J. Robert Britton 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(1):91-98

Plasticity in life‐history traits provides advantages for introduced fish in overcoming demographic bottlenecks that would otherwise inhibit establishment. Here, the influence of population density, temperature and latitude was tested on the growth increments and growth rates of invasive populations of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, a small Asian cyprinid fish that is invasive across Europe. Aquaria experiments tested the roles of fish number and temperature on growth increments under a fixed food supply, pond experiments tested the role of density on growth increments, and a field study completed in England and Wales tested the influence of density and latitude on growth rates. In aquaria experiments, whilst growth increments were higher at 21 and 23 °C than at 19 and 25 °C, fish number had a greater influence on growth than temperature. Higher growth increments were produced at lower densities. In experimental ponds, growth increments were significantly higher in ponds with low densities of P. parva compared with those at elevated densities. In the field study comprising 10 wild populations across a latitudinal gradient of 4.0°N, a difference in mean air temperatures of approximately 3 °C, and estimated densities between 0.5 and 65.0 m^?2, population density was the only significant predictor of growth rates. Whilst populations at very low densities comprised of significantly faster growing individuals, there were no significant differences when densities were between 15 and 65 m^?2. Thus, invasive P. parva populations have considerable growth plasticity, especially at low densities, with this likely to be important in their ability to colonise new environments.  相似文献   

红椿天然种群分布格局尺度研究     

贺立  徐晓婷 《农业科学与技术》2017,18(4)

为研究濒危物种红椿(Toona ciliata Roem.)的种群分布格局,在谷城南河流域对发现的仅有两个红椿种群(T1,T2),以相邻格子法设置5 m×5 m、3 m×3 m的样方,精确到1 m格子.通过 χ2检验、Cx的t检验、Morisita Iδ的F检验,对种群分布格局进行判断是否符合泊松分布.结果表明,T1种群在5 m×5 m、3 m×3 m样方尺度下,Cx和Iδ均为泊松分布,5 m×5 m尺度 χ2检验为集群分布,3 m×3 m尺度为Poisosn分布;干扰种群T2种群密度较大,3种检验均为集群分布.因此,分布格局满足 χ2检验的泊松分布,样方设置应注重尺度和数量;df越大,理论值与观测值更可能越接近正态分布,种群分布格局的检验更加真实可信.  相似文献   

不同采收期对余甘果实品质和耐贮性的影响     

陈洪彬  孙旭  蔡英卿  张妙霞  林淑萍 《中国果业信息》2014,43(5)

以福建余甘主栽品种‘粉甘’果实为材料，研究不同采收期对余甘果实品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明：随着采收期的延迟和果实成熟度的提高，余甘果皮颜色由青绿色逐渐变成黄绿色，果核颜色由深绿色变成棕褐色，果实重量和大小逐渐增加，果实可食率和营养品质提高。可用果实重量和大小、果形指数、果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量、果实可食率作为确定余甘果实采收成熟度的参数。同时，不同采收期对余甘果实的耐贮性影响不同，盛花期后179 d采收的果实耐贮性最好，在常温25±1℃下贮藏16 d后，好果率为91%，失重率为3.51%。  相似文献   

Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)          下载免费PDF全文

S.‐E. Jacobsen  J. L. Christiansen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(6):454-463

Quinoa is a potential new seed crop for protein feed and human consumption in Europe, with tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. For this purpose the study was planned to analyse the effect of important agronomic strategies like nitrogen level, N application strategy, row spacing and harvest time on yield and quality of quinoa. The experiments took place in the field of the experimental station of the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. Three levels of organic nitrogen from slurry was used (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha^?1), supplied either all at once at sowing, or split between sowing and beginning of the reproductive phase. The effect of row spacing and harvest time was studied by harvesting seeds at seed maturity, which occurred 2–3 weeks prior to the mechanical harvest by threshing, and a couple of months after. Yield increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an application up to 180 kg N ha^?1, reaching 2200 kg ha^?1. Increasing N also caused a significantly increased seed weight (up to 3.3 mg) and protein content (up to 17 %). N level did not affect number and amount of weeds. Split application with part of the N applied at bud formation did not have a significant effect on yield. Delayed harvest had a negative influence on seed weight, whereas protein content was stable after harvesting even a month after seed maturity. A late harvest significantly reduced seed germination, being reduced by 50 % after a 2‐month delay. A conclusion from this study is that both yield and protein content of seed can be manipulated by N level and application strategy. Harvest time is important for securing a high seed quality measured as seed germination, seed weight and protein content. A fast germination of quinoa is an important characteristic demonstrating that the crop has good possibilities for being well‐established in the field when free from weeds at the time of sowing. The choice of row spacing is important and depends on weed control method. Weed control strategy should be developed based on modern precision tools.  相似文献   

基于宗地尺度的土地集约利用潜力评价及存量用地挖潜研究——以重庆市渝北区为例          下载免费PDF全文

张亚飞  廖和平  李涛  张茜茜  龙辉 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,42(2):66-75

为探究渝北区未来存量用地的挖潜方向,通过构建商服圈,并利用建筑、人口经济、交通和公共服务设施数据,从功能、强度和区位潜力3方面选取评价指标,结合层次分析法和熵权法确定其权重,计算渝北区城镇建设用地集约利用潜力,并依此识别可用于二次开发的宗地.结果表明:①渝北区划定商服圈总面积15 827.25 hm~2,因受地形、政策和城市双核心发展因素影响商服圈呈不规则形状;②用于潜力评价的宗地因城市开发过程中各类用地并存且未实现更新而未呈现同心圆模式;③渝北区可用于二次开发的城镇建设用地总面积为1 178.88 hm~2,主要布局于两路老城区南部、龙山—龙溪—龙塔街道西北部和创新经济走廊中部等区域.④渝北区公共管理与公共服务用地和商业服务业设施用地土地集约利用潜力较大,是未来改造盘活的主要用地类型.  相似文献   

佛山岭南天地旧改项目中开放空间的特色分析     

冀莎菲  郑力鹏 《广东园林》2020,42(3):68-73

近年来,国内出现了不少基于城市老街区改造为商业街区的项目。通过对佛山岭南天地项目中有代表性的广场、街道、建筑等节点进行调研,选取开放空间的3个特色要素——空间形态和尺度,传统装饰元素,植物和水景布置,探析"新天地"模式中开放空间营造的特色手法,包括保持街巷形态和宜人尺度,增强街区公共属性;保护传统建筑构件,利用传统材料、技术;保留古树,并结合植物和水景布置,形成多层次的景观系统等。  相似文献   

Why viewing nature is more fascinating and restorative than viewing buildings: A closer look at perceived complexity     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2016

The present paper addresses the question which visual features trigger people’s often more positive affective responses to natural compared to built scenes. Building on notions about visual complexity and fractal geometry, we propose that perceived complexity of magnified scene parts can predict the greater fascinating and restorative qualities of natural versus built scenes. This prediction was tested in an experiment in which 40 participants viewed and rated 40 images of unspectacular natural and built scenes in their original size, and at 400% and 1600% magnification levels. Results showed that the original, unmagnified natural scenes were viewed longer and rated more restorative than built scenes, and that these differences were statistically mediated by the greater perceived complexity of magnified parts of natural scenes. These findings fit with the idea that fractal-like, recursive complexity is an important visual cue underlying the restorative potential of natural and built environments.  相似文献   

南方旱地作物栽培模式及发展趋势     

杨克相  罗阳春  方芳  蒲春蕾  罗峰  曾先堂  吴迅  何川  李钟  明充 《安徽农学通报》2016,22(6)

该文介绍了20世纪80年代以来,我国南方旱地主要作物栽培模式的演变形式,不同栽培模式的技术要点。根据现代农业发展的迫切需求、中国农村劳动力严重缺乏等现状,解析了当前农村土地流转的实际形式以及取得的部分成绩,展望了南方旱地农业,农村产业发展的方向。为南方旱地农业的发展提供借鉴。  相似文献   

深松整地作业技术要点     

李坤 《农业科技与装备》2016,(1)

根据康平县在实施深松整地作业中遇到的实际问题,介绍深松机具的选择原则、作业质量标准、作业时间确定方法,以及作业技术要点和注意事项,为提高全县深松整地作业质量提供参考。  相似文献