4种药剂对海南兰花蜗牛和蛞蝓的防治效果     

蔡波  金秋  陈施明  李春喜  林明光  史学群 《安徽农业大学学报》2016,43(3):462-466

通过筛选适用于海南热带兰园防治有害蜗牛和蛞蝓的最佳药剂及合理用量,为生产实践应用提供理论依据。选择了国内常用的4种杀软体动物剂,即50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂、45%三苯基乙酸锡可湿性粉剂、6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂和10%茶枯精粉粉剂,针对海南兰园有害软体动物的主要优势种,包括海南小囊螺、细钻螺和双线嗜粘液蛞蝓,通过在室内模拟田间兰花栽培条件,开展了不同药剂、不同剂量的防治效果对比试验。结果显示,防治海南小囊螺效果最好的药剂是6%四聚乙醛和10%茶枯精粉,药后7 d防效达87%以上,14 d防效达100%。对细钻螺防效最好的药剂是6%四聚乙醛,药后7 d防效达83%以上,14 d防效达100%。双线嗜粘液蛞蝓对10%茶枯精粉极为敏感,药后3 d防效即达91%以上,药后5 d达到100%;另外3种均不理想。综合考虑防效与安全性,在海南热带设施栽培中防控有害蜗牛和蛞蝓,推荐同时使用6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂和10%茶枯精粉粉剂,用量每亩分别为500和1000 g。具体施药方法和效果还需大田试验进一步验证。  相似文献   

农民参与式方法在热带牧草推广中的应用     

唐军  易克贤  何华玄  刘国道  黄洁 《热带农业科学》2006,26(1):21-24

介绍参与式方法在热带牧草推广中的应用及实践,分析当前参与式牧草技术的推广应用现状,为参与式理论与方法的发展提供实践参考。  相似文献   

马达加斯加的热带森林   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏志尧  陈北光 《华南农业大学学报》2002,23(3):28-32

马达加斯加是非洲大陆的离岛。天然森林类型复杂多样。原生性的森林群落主要为常绿林，落叶林以及多刺、肉质的落叶灌木丛。在不同类型的岩石露头发育着岩生矮林；高山上可见山顶矮林，滨海湿地则为红树林。马达加斯加的森林有着独特的植物和动物种类，有着巨大的生物多样性。但由于人类长期对其生境的破坏，不少动物种类已处于濒危状态。到目前为止，60％－85％的森林植被已遭到破坏。非持续的农业轮作是森林植被完整性的主要威胁。在某些地区，火烧林地建立牧场业是引起森林面积减少的主要因素。  相似文献   

热带森林林冠对降水再分配作用的研究综述   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

张一平  王馨  刘文杰 《福建林学院学报》2004,24(3):274-282

森林林冠对大气降水的再分配是水分输入森林的第一个环节,其过程涉及到森林生态、森林水文、森林气象及水土保持等诸多方面 热带地区森林林冠水文研究有其自身的特点,也存在着很多问题 对热带地区林冠降水截留、穿透降雨和树干径流的研究进展和现状进行简要概括,总结其中得到认可的规律性认识和依然存在的争议,以期对热带地区森林林冠水文生态效应有个较为正确和全面的认识 需要在热带地区林冠降水再分配研究中加以关注的方面包括:(1)附生植物、大型藤本植物、板根、不定根等热带雨林特有现象在水量和降水化学元素输入与分配中的作用;(2)对热带雨林以外的其他森林类型的林冠截留降水过程的研究;(3)对林冠降水再分配各过程的更为精确的数学表述,或改进现有的机理模型使其能够更为准确的反映各森林类型的降水再分配过程;(4)对热带美洲、热带亚洲和热带非洲森林林冠降水再分配的全景式了解和认识  相似文献   

8种热带牧草的耐荫生理参数比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安锋  王真辉  陈志权  虞道耿  白昌军 《热带农业科学》2007,27(5):11-16

为寻找合适于热带橡胶树等人工林下种植的耐荫牧草,于2005年选取热研11号黑籽雀稗(Paspalumatratum Swallen cv.Reyan No.11)、热研2号柱花草[Stylosanthes guianensis(Aublet)Swartz cv.Reyan No.2]、热研8号坚尼草(Panicum maximum Jacquin cv.Reyan No.8)、热研4号王草[Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher×P.glaucum(Linnaeus)R.Brown cv.Reyan No.4]、热研14号网脉臂形草[Brachiaria dictyoneura(Figari et de Notaris)Stapf cv.Reyan No.14]、热研15号刚果臂形草(Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Evrard cv.Reyan No.15)、热研12号平托落花生(Arachis pintoi Krapovickas et Gregory cv.Reyan No.12)和太空辐射育种柱花草[Stylosanthesguianensis(Aublet)Swartz cv.Amarillo]等8种热带牧草为研究对象,测定、分析了它们的叶片光合-光响应特性、叶色素含量及其与耐荫性关系。结果表明,8种牧草品种的光补偿点、表观量子效率、光饱和点、最大光合速率、暗呼吸速率、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量含量均存在显著差异。综合各生理参数比较结果和生产实践经验,认为8种牧草中,热研14号网脉臂形草、热研8号坚尼草、热研12号平托落花生和热研2号柱花草较适合在具有一定荫蔽的橡胶树等热带林下种植。热研4号王草则兼有耐荫植物和喜光植物的光能利用特点,值得进一步研究、利用。  相似文献   

铜壁关自然保护区盈江片区生物多样性评价     

卫凡 《林业调查规划》2011,36(3):43-45,53

对铜壁关自然保护区盈江片区的生物多样性进行评价,结果认为,该保护区是我国纬度最北的热带雨林的一块宝地,生物多样性极为丰富,保护物种也非常丰富,生态保护价值和经济价值较高.目前保护区保护管理机构的层次和能力与保护对象不相协调,急待加强.藉此,对今后的自然保护工作提出了建议.  相似文献   

边缘热带蔓花生草坪杂草种类调查及化学防除     

刘金祥  陈款弟  罗凤冰  邓丽媚 《草原与草坪》2011,(5):12-15

为了解处于边缘热带的湛江市区蔓花生草坪的杂草现状,并提供有效的化学防除方法,首先采用样线法及随机抽样法,对各种杂草所占的比例和生物量进行调查;其次,采用样圈法调查各种杂草的频度;用3种除草剂分别喷洒,7d后观察杂草的变化。市区曼花生草坪杂草共有20科35种,其中,种类较多的是禾本科,菊科,茜草科,蓼科,苋科,酢浆草科等...  相似文献   

Plant‐frugivore interactions in an intact tropical forest in north‐east Thailand     

Wangworn SANKAMETHAWEE  Andrew J. PIERCE  George A. GALE  Britta Denise HARDESTY 《Integrative zoology》2011,6(3):195-212

Fleshy‐fruited plants in tropical forests largely rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their seeds. Although this plant–animal interaction is typically considered a diffuse mutualism, it is fundamental as it provides the template on which tropical forest communities are structured. We applied a mutualistic network approach to investigate the relationship between small‐fruited fleshy plant species and the fruit‐eating bird community in an intact evergreen forest in northeast Thailand. A minimum of 53 bird species consumed fruits of 136 plant species. Plant‐avian frugivore networks were highly asymmetrical, with observed networks filling 30% of all potential links. Whereas some of the missing links in the present study might be due to undersampling, forbidden links can be attributed to size constraints, accessibility and phenological uncoupling, and although the majority of missing links were unknown (58.2%), many were probably due to a given bird species being either rare or only a very occasional fruit eater. The most common frugivores were bulbuls, barbets and fairy‐bluebirds, which were responsible for the majority of fruit removal from small fleshy fruited species in our system. Migratory birds seemed to be a minor component of the plant‐frugivore networks, accounting for only 3% of feeding visits to fruiting trees; they filled 2% of the overall potential networks. The majority of interactions were generalized unspecific; however, Saurauia roxburghii Wall. appeared to be dependent on flowerpeckers for dispersal, while Thick‐billed Pigeons were only seen to eat figs.  相似文献   

Effect of dose and type of fertilizer on flowering and fruiting of vanilla plants     

María C. Diez  Nelson W. Osorio  Flavio Moreno 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(9):1297-1310

Nutritional status affects the processes of flowering and fruiting of plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fertilizer application on flowering, fruiting, and leaf nutrient content of Vanilla planifolia (Jacks. ex Andr). Treatments consisted of the application of grade 10-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer to the substratum in annual doses of 20, 50, and 100 g/plant plus a monthly application of foliar fertilizer. Two more treatments were foliar fertilization and no fertilization (control). Treatments increased the number of inflorescences and flower buds per plant, as well as the number and weight of fruits per plant, and decreased the abortion of flowers and immature fruits. These effects depended on the type of fertilizer, the amount applied, and the time of evaluation. The best results were obtained with the 100 g/plant/year treatment with an annual production of 1.5 kg of fruits per plant in the second year. Unfertilized plants produced 0.55 kg/plant/year. Differences were also found in foliar content of N, P, K, and copper (Cu) between vegetative and reproductive branches. Application of fertilizer to the substratum appears to improve reproductive parameters of vanilla plants and the production of beans, while foliar fertilization alone was ineffective in increasing crop productivity. Nutrients also seem to translocate from mature leaves to fruit racemes.  相似文献   

Short- and long-term effects of the endogeic earthworm Millsonia anomala (Omodeo) (Megascolecidæ, Oligochæta) of tropical savannas,on soil organic matter     

A. Martin 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,11(3):234-238

Summary This study aimed to establish the effects of Millsonia anomala, a tropical geophagous earthworm common in the humid savannas of Lamto (Ivory Coast), on soil organic matter dynamics over different time scales under laboratory conditions. The texture of casts produced by the worms fed on a shrub savanna soil was not significantly different from that of the soil, which showed that M. anomala ingested soil particles without selection. Physical fractionation of soil organic matter showed that the coarse organic fraction (250–2000 m) was depleted by 25–30% in fresh casts compared to the control noningested soil; this was mainly due to a fragmentation of coarse organic debris. Incubation of casts and a 2-mm sieved control soil under laboratory conditions for more than 1 year showed that the C mineralisation rate was almost four times lower in the casts (3% year^-1) than in the control soil (11% year^-1). We therefore concluded that on a long time scale M. anomala populations may significantly reduce the decomposition rate of soil organic matter in Lamto savannas.  相似文献