Dietary microbial phytase supplementation and the utilization of phosphorus, trace minerals and protein by rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)] fed soybean meal-based diets   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

S H Sugiura  J Gabaudan  F M Dong  & R W Hardy 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(7):583-592

Effects of thermal and enzymatic treatments of soybean meal on apparent absorption of total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, nitrogen (protein), ash, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, strontium and zinc were examined using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), as the test species. Absorption of the test nutrients was estimated using yttrium as an inert non-absorbable indicator. Thermal treatments (microwaving, dry roasting, steam heating, cooking) had no measurable effect on the apparent absorption of phosphorus and other minerals. Phytase supplementation increased the apparent absorption of phosphorus, nitrogen (protein), ash, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, strontium and zinc in low-ash diets containing soybean meal, but had little effect in high-ash diets containing both soybean and fish meal. In low-ash diets, the apparent absorption of phosphorus increased in accord with the level of phytase added to the diet, from 27% (no phytase added) up to 90% (phytase added, 4000 units kg⁻¹ diet) or 93% (predigested with phytase, 200 units kg⁻¹ soybean meal). In high-ash diets, dietary acidification with citric acid decreased the effect of phytase, whereas in low-ash diets, acidification markedly increased the effect of the enzyme. Excretion of phosphorus in the faeces of fish fed a low-ash diet containing phytase-treated soybean meal was 0.32 g per kg diet consumed, a 95%−98% reduction compared with phosphorus excretion by fish consuming commercial trout feeds.  相似文献   

Cortisol does not affect hepatic α- and β-adrenoceptor properties in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

S.G. Dugan  T.W. Moon 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,18(4):343-352

Distribution and function of hepatic - and -adrenoceptors were examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) injected with slow release hydrogenated coconut oil implants alone (sham) or containing cortisol. - and -Adrenoceptors were assayed on purified hepatic membranes 10–14 days post-implantation using ³H-prazosin () and ³H-CGP (). At 10–14 days, plasma cortisol values were significantly elevated to approximately 220 compared with 35.0 ng ml^-1 in cortisol implanted vs. sham trout. No significant differences were found between any of the experimental groups for either the affinity (K_d) or maximal number of binding sites (B_max) for either receptor type. Epinephrine significantly stimulated glucose release from hepatocytes isolated from sham injected trout, but not from cortisol-treated fish. Epinephrine-induced glucose release was blocked by both - and -antagonists. These studies do not support the hypothesis that rainbow trout exposed to chronic cortisol alter properties of hepatic adrenoceptors.  相似文献   

我国养鳟面临的问题及其对策探讨     

刘雄  王昭明  孙美杰 《水产学杂志》1991,(1)

本文总结我国虹鳟引进至今在消化吸收及国产化方面所取得的进展及当前存在的主要问题.并提出今后我国养鳟业应以专业户为主,加强对现有鳟鱼场的管理,挖掘潜力,建立全国流通体系.南方养鳟可土池、水泥池并举以降低成本在技术管理上需予注意三个问题.  相似文献   

虹鳟鱼链球菌病的诊断     

牛鲁祺  赵志壮  马国军  于科 《水产学杂志》1991,(1)

1986年以来,作者对东北地区虹鳟鱼常见病进行了调查,发现链球菌病是一种多发病.发病日死亡率高达0.2%-0.5%.病鱼大部分外观无明显异常,剖检可见肠发炎和肛门淤血、肝脏呈暗红色或呈退了色的脂肪肝,肾肿大.从病鱼肾脏、肝脏等器官取病原菌,试验结果表明:此菌呈现非溶血性,能在40%胆汁培养基上发育,能水解七叶灵和马尿酸,并进行了血清分群鉴定,最后确定虹鳟鱼链球菌病是由兰氏血清学D群的粪链球菌引起的.本文也揭示了链球菌病与饵料质量的关系.  相似文献   

The effect of acid water on oxygen consumption,circulating catecholamines and blood ionic and acid-base status in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri,Richardson)     

Xuemin Ye  D. J. Randall  Xiqin He 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1991,9(1):23-30

Chronically cannulated rainbow trout were exposed in acid water (pH 4.0) for 72h. The gill potential was strongly dependent on water pH, being blood side negative in neutral water, but positive in acid water. Catecholamine levels increased irregularly during acid exposure, and the Bohr and Root effects were not completely erased by the effect of catecholamines during acid exposure. Long term exposure to low water pH, although causing an acidosis in the fish, did not suppress resting oxygen consumption. Prolonged exposure to acid conditions, however, resulted in an increase in ammonia excretion. Changes in plasma sodium and chloride were similar to that reported previously for trout exposed to low calcium, acid water. We conclude that exposure of trout to pH 4 soft water, although impairing oxygen transport, does not limit resting oxygen consumption but does reduce the scope for activity. More extreme acid conditions do impair resting oxygen uptake.  相似文献   

中国虹鳟饲料的现状与展望     

魏立贤 《水产学杂志》1990,3(1):27-31

本文通过养鳟发展的历史进程,指出了饲料在虹鳟养殖发展中的作用。并根据当前中国养鳟状况阐述了中国养鳟饲料的现状以及存在的问题,并展望了饲料工业的发展前景。  相似文献   

中国养鳟技术总结     

刘雄 《水产学杂志》1990,3(1):32-38

作者通过对黑龙江、北京、山东、甘肃、吉林、河北等地的虹鳟渔场实地考查,总结了我国养鳟技术。文章对鱼池结构、养殖环境条件、饲料技术、饲料和营养以及管理方法等方而作了论述。  相似文献   

The use of a real-time PCR primer/probe set to observe infectivity of Yersinia ruckeri in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)     

Glenn RA  Taylor PW  Hanson KC 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(10):783-791

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), a common pathogen affecting aquaculture facilities and implicated in large losses of cultured fish. Fisheries scientists continue to gain a greater understanding of the disease and the pathogen by investigating methods of identification and pre- and post-infection treatment. In this study, a real-time PCR probe set for Y. ruckeri was developed to detect daily changes in the bacterial load during pathogen challenges. Two species of fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to two strains of Y. ruckeri (Hag and SC) during bath challenges. A subset of fish was killed daily for 14 days, and the kidney tissue was biopsied to enumerate copies of pathogen DNA per gram of tissue. While Chinook exposed to either the Hag or SC strains exhibited similar pathogen loads, those exposed to the Hag strain displayed higher mortality (～66%) than fish exposed to the SC strain (～24% mortality). Steelhead exposed to the Hag strain exhibited a greater pathogen load and higher mortality (～42%) than those exposed to the SC strain (<1% mortality). Steelhead challenged with either strain showed lower pathogen loads than Chinook. The study illustrates the efficacy of the probe set to enumerate Y. ruckeri bacterial growth in the kidneys of fish. Also, strains of Y. ruckeri display species-specific growth patterns that result in differential mortality and pathogen load.  相似文献   

Automated image analysis as a tool to quantify the colour and composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) cutlets     

Lars Helge Stien  Fredrik Manne  Antti Kause  Anders Kiessling 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(2):695-705

The goal of this paper is to propose and evaluate automated image analysis methods for describing muscle cutlets in rainbow trout. The proposed automated image analysis methods were tested on a total of 983 scanned images of trout cutlets, and included quality traits such as fat percentage, flesh colour and the size of morphologically distinguishable subparts of the cutlet. A sub-sample of 50 images was randomly selected for manual segmentation of the cutlet, the dorsal fat depot and the red muscle and regions. The identification of these regions by manual and automatic image analysis correlated strongly (r = 0.97, r = 0.95 and r = 0.91, respectively). The estimated fat percentage obtained from image analysis, based on the area of visible fat and the colour of the cutlet flesh, correlated well with chemical fat percentage measured by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy (MIT) (r = 0.78). The automated image analysis methods are therefore a reliable means of predicting the fat percentage of trout cutlets. Principal component analysis (PCA) loading plots were used to identify subsets of variables from the image analysis of special significance for further studies; cutlet area, dorsal fat depot area, red muscle area, back height, cutlet width, and width of left and right abdomen wall were among the variables selected. PCA loading plots of different colour variables indicated that simple statistical coefficients such as percentiles and mean values can be used to quantify different aspects of flesh colour. In conclusion, the methods presented here provide a powerful toolbox for describing important morphological structures and quality traits of trout cutlets.  相似文献   

Motility Parameters of Rainbow Trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) Spermatozoa in Relation to Sequential Collection of Milt,Time of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Post-mortem</Emphasis> Storage and Anesthesia     

G.?J.?Dietrich  R.?Kowalski  M.?Wojtczak  S.?Dobosz  K.?Goryczko  A.?CiereszkoEmail author 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(1):1-9

The present study investigated the effects of sequential collection of milt, time of post-mortem storage and anesthesia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm motility parameters (using computer-assisted sperm analysis – CASA) as well as seminal plasma osmolality and sperm concentration. The post-mortem storage and time of anesthesia altered motility characteristics of rainbow trout sperm to different extents. The moderate impact of time of anesthesia was manifested in a shortened duration of sperm motility after 10 min exposure of fish to anesthetic. The prolonged post-mortem storage (≥40–60 min), in addition to lowering sperm motility duration, also significantly influenced sperm motility parameters, such as sperm velocities, percentage of motile sperm and sperm trajectory parameters. These results clearly demonstrate that when milt from sacrificed fish is used for sperm motility studies, the time of post-mortem storage significantly alters sperm motility characteristics. Since sperm motility rate and swimming velocity could predict fertilizing ability, detrimental effects of prolonged post-mortem storage may lead to reduced fertilization success. Sperm concentration and seminal plasma osmolality were lower in the first fractions and increased with successive collections of milt. It suggests the presence of urine contamination of the first milt fractions which were collected by stripping. Therefore, testing of sperm concentration and/or seminal plasma osmolality should be mandatory while handling stored milt.  相似文献