流速和放网模式对金枪鱼围网网具形态的影响     

刘伟  许柳雄  唐浩  胡夫祥  周成  孙佳星  宋函欣 《中国水产科学》2020,27(6):727-738

网具形态是金枪鱼围网作业性能的一个重要指标,受网线材料、沉子配重、海流等诸多因素影响。为探究放网模式和流速对金枪鱼围网网具形态的影响,本研究依照上海开创远洋渔业有限公司金枪鱼原型围网,根据田内准则制作模型网,在日本下关西日本日网公司专业动水槽进行模型实验。实验设置3种放网模式（顺流放网、侧流放网、背流放网）,3种流速（0 cm/s、5 cm/s、8 cm/s）,比较各放网模式下,流速对金枪鱼围网网具沉子纲沉降深度、纵向网衣轮廓、浮沉子纲水平包围面积和浮沉子纲水平包围形状的影响。结果显示：（1）0 cm/s流速下放网,网具沉子纲沉降深度最大（1.21 m）,浮沉子纲水平包围面积最大（8.44 m²,9.89 m²）,纵向网衣轮廓最佳;（2）顺流5 cm/s条件下放网,网具浮沉子纲水平包围形状最佳;（3）顺流、背流放网,网具最大沉降深度随着流速增加逐渐减小[1.21 m（0 cm/s） > 1.17 m（5 cm/s） > 1.13 m（8 cm/s）,1.21 m（0 cm/s） > 1.16 m（5 cm/s） > 1.10 m（8 cm/s）],网具最大沉降深度与流速显著相关（>0.05）;（5）3种放网模式下,流速与网具浮沉子纲水平初始包围面积不相关（<0.05）。综上建议,有流时为确保网具形态最佳及网具沉降深度最大,应首先采用侧流放网。  相似文献   

Increasing the functionalities and accuracy of fisheries electronic monitoring systems     

Eric Gilman  Gonzalo Legorburu  Andrew Fedoruk  Craig Heberer  Mark Zimring  Amos Barkai 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(6):901-926

Using historical fisheries data to predict tuna distribution within the British Indian Ocean Territory Marine Protected Area,and implications for its management     

Nicholas Dunn  David Curnick 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(12):2057-2070

Changes to vertical thermoregulatory movements of juvenile bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean with time of day,seasonal ocean vertical thermal structure,and body size     

Haruhiko Hino  Takashi Kitagawa  Takayuki Matsumoto  Yoshinori Aoki  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(4):359-371

Vertical movements related to the thermoregulation were investigated in 12 juvenile bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in Japanese waters using archival tag data. Movements changed with time of day, season, and body size. During daytime, bigeye tuna descended to greater depths, presumably to feed in the deep scattering layer (DSL). Thereafter, they repeatedly ascended to shallower layers, suggesting attempts at behavioral thermoregulation, although the beginning of vertical thermoregulatory ascents might reflect a shift in DSL depth. By the end of such movement, the whole‐body heat‐transfer coefficient might decrease because, although the depth and ambient temperature of the upper layers did not change, the body temperature gradually decreased significantly just after ascent for thermoregulation. Seasonal patterns indicated that the vertical thermal structure of the ocean might influence this ascent behavior. For example, from January to May, bigeye tuna made fewer ascents to less shallow waters, suggesting that they respond to increasing depths of the mixed surface layer by reducing energy expenditure during vertical migration. In addition, as body size increased, fewer thermoregulatory ascents were required to maintain body temperature, and fish remained deeper for longer periods. Thus, vertical thermoregulatory movements might change with body size as bigeye tuna develop better endothermic and thermoregulatory abilities. We hypothesize that bigeye might also increase cold tolerance as they grow, possibly due to ontogenetic shifts in cardiac function.  相似文献   

The use of tuna industry waste in the practical diets of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus,L.): effect on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and oxidative status     

Saber Abdelkader Saïdi  Mohamed Salah Azaza  Abdelwaheb Abdelmouleh  Jos van Pelt  Mohamed Mejdeddine Kraïem  Abdelfattah El‐Feki 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(12):1875-1886

A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) with a tuna by‐product meal (TBM) on the growth, feed efficiency, carcass composition and stress oxidative status of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.). Triplicate groups of fish (2.21 ± 0.01 g) were fed on four iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets. The control diet (A₀) used FM as the sole source of animal protein. In the other three diets (A₁₀–A₃₀), 33%–100% of FM was substituted by TBM at 10% increments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among fish fed on diets A₀, A₁₀ and A₂₀. Fish fed these experimental diets (i.e., A₀, A₁₀ and A₂₀) showed significantly (P<0.05) better daily mass gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio than those fed on diet A₃₀. Feed conversion ratio increased with increasing TBM content, but only the value found in fish fed on diet A₃₀ differed significantly (P<0.05) from the other treatments. The fish accumulated increasing quantities of lipids and decreasing levels of ash in their carcasses with increasing levels of dietary TBM. At the end of the experimental period, a significant increase (P<0.001) in catalase and glutathione S‐transferase activities was seen only in groups fed on diet A₃₀. Similarly, a significant enhancement in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed in groups fed on diets A₂₀ and A₃₀ compared with the other groups. The results show that this product can be included up to 20% in practical Nile tilapia diets without any detrimental effects.  相似文献   

Factors influencing the at-haulback mortality of striped marlin Tetrapturus audax caught by tuna longline fishery in the western Indian Ocean     

Xiuzhen Li  Xuefang Wang  Yingcong Guo  Feng Wu  Jiangfeng Zhu 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2024,34(4):e4135

Horizontal movements,utilization distributions,and mixing rates of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) tagged and released with archival tags in six discrete areas of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean     

Kurt M. Schaefer  Daniel W. Fuller 《Fisheries Oceanography》2022,31(1):84-107

A total of 1522 yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, were captured, tagged, and released with surgically implanted archival tags (ATs), in six discrete areas of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, during 2002 through 2019. Of 483 ATs returned (31.7%), 227 ATs from yellowfin (48–147 cm in fork length) at liberty from 32 to 1846 d ( = 300.1 d) provided suitable data sets which were processed using an unscented Kalman filter model with sea-surface temperature measurements integrated (UKFsst) in order to obtain most probable tracks and movement parameters. Although some differences were observed in the movement patterns for fish from within and among the six release areas, 99% of the 227 fish remained within 1000 M of their release locations, indicating limited dispersion and fidelity to release locations. The median movement parameter D, which defines dispersion from the UKFsst model, for the fish released in the offshore equatorial areas showed much greater dispersion rates compared to those for the fish released along the coast or around islands. The rates of mixing of yellowfin among the release areas were found to be dependent on the distances between release areas, with, in general, the greatest mixing occurring among areas in closest proximity, whereas for the two areas offshore Mexico and the two offshore equatorial areas, the rates of mixing were nonexistent or negligible.  相似文献   

An integrated scheme for the management of drifting fish aggregating devices in tuna purse seine fisheries     

Liming Song  Huihui Shen 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2023,30(1):56-69

Drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) are extensively used in modern tuna purse seine fisheries. The use of dFADs has greatly improved fishing efficiency and generated substantial economic returns in purse seine fisheries, but adverse impacts on tuna juveniles, associated species and marine ecosystems are still of concern. Based on an analysis of current challenges in dFAD management measures in tuna regional fishery management organisations (t-RFMOs), we explored opportunities to strengthen dFAD management in tuna fisheries. An integrated dFAD management scheme with multiple tools that account for different usage stages of a dFAD needs to be organised to regulate, track, monitor and recover in tuna purse seine fisheries. We recommend that (1) dFAD-associated definitions should be standardised to provide operational guidance for dFAD activities; (2) all deployed dFADs should be counted towards dFAD limits on active dFADs, except those reported as lost and abandoned; (3) a regional dFAD tracking and monitoring program should track dFAD paths based on daily position reported to RFMOs directly, in addition to mandatory dFAD marking requirements; and (4) a framework of compensation mechanisms should provide financial support for joint dFAD recovery and eco-compensation.  相似文献   

回声探测浮标在金枪鱼围网渔业中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

周成  肖宇  万荣  许柳雄  王禹程  谢程兰  肖俞辰 《水产学报》2023,47(7):079702-1-079702-16

【背景】回声探测浮标能够为金枪鱼围网渔业远程持续地提供漂流人工集鱼装置（DFADs）的精确地理定位以及金枪鱼集群生物量的估计，有效减少围网船队搜索鱼群所产生的“碳足迹”和船队运营成本，从而提高船队的成功捕获率。除了在商业中的应用外，回声探测浮标有潜力作为观察远洋生物多样性的科学平台，为科学研究提供描述远洋鱼类活动模式的数据来源。【内容】本文介绍了DFADs的定义、类型和结构、生态影响及相关管理措施，以及回声探测浮标的发展沿革、种类和数据结构，并重点从金枪鱼随附鱼群生物量评估、鱼群随附行为和DFADs生态影响评估方面回顾了回声探测浮标在金枪鱼围网渔业中的应用。【总结展望】本文展望了回声探测浮标今后在技术上支持降低非目标物种和目标物种幼鱼死亡率的发展趋势，并从渔业资源可持续管理和海洋生物多样性保护方面讨论了利用浮标观测数据结合渔业数据进行资源评估，以及探究气候变化和人类活动对海洋生态生态系统影响的巨大潜力。  相似文献   

热带大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中海龟的兼捕与保护          下载免费PDF全文

邢侃  戴小杰  吴峰 《上海海洋大学学报》2021,30(4):726-734

海龟处于海洋生态结构的顶端，对海洋生态系统的多样性和稳定性起到了重要的调控作用。根据2009~2019年科学观察员对热带大西洋公海海域(15°N～15°S, 15°W ～45°W)金枪鱼延绳钓渔业的调查数据，分析了兼捕海龟现象。结果发现：共误捕到蠵龟(Caretta caretta)、大西洋丽龟(Lepidochelys kempii)和棱皮龟(Dermochelys coriacea)3种累计108 只，其中海龟死亡32只。年兼捕率范围在0.0016~0.0693只/千钩，直接咬钩和被支绳缠绕是兼捕的主要方式；兼捕时间上存在一定季节性差异，高兼捕率BPUE(By-catch Per Unit Effort)发生在10月到翌年5月；赤道以北兼捕率年际间出现波动，但总体变化幅度不大，赤道以南兼捕率年际差异较大，2009~2013年间未发现海龟兼捕，但自2013年后南纬BPUE增长趋势明显，于2015年达最大值，随后BPUE逐渐降低至2019年到达最小值；海龟兼捕易受到月相强度的影响，往往在满月或接近满月的环境下兼捕现象明显增多；某些特定温度区间会出现不同种类海龟的兼捕，棱皮龟在水温24 ~26 ℃时兼捕更易发生，丽龟兼捕则在26 ~27 ℃间更为集中。此外，本文探究了近年来中国船队海龟兼捕存活率提高的原因，建议在今后为有效降低热带大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中海龟兼捕，应根据作业海域、目标鱼种和环境因子的不同适时调整相关养护对策。  相似文献