不同用量增效尿素对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响     

贾莉莉 《现代农业科技》2019,(11)

为提高棉花产量,提升纤维品质,以新陆中57号为材料,研究不同用量增效尿素对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,随着增效尿素用量的增加,棉花株高、茎粗、果枝数和铃数均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在施用增效尿素525 kg/hm2时达到最大值;叶绿素含量(SPAD值)在不同时期呈现先升高后降低的趋势,花期达到峰值;产量性状方面,在施用增效尿素525 kg/hm2时,单铃重和衣分最大;纤维品质方面,施用增效尿素525 kg/hm2处理长度、整齐度、成熟度最好。由此说明,增效尿素适宜用量为525 kg/hm2,可达到高产提质的效果。  相似文献   

新型尿素对加工番茄的产量和氮素利用率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

哈丽哈什·依巴提  张炎  李青军 《新疆农业科学》2019,56(2):278-286

【目的】比较不同新型尿素品种对膜下滴灌加工番茄生物量、氮素吸收利用、产量及经济效益的影响,以选择合适的新型尿素品种和提高氮肥利用率及效益。【方法】2016~2017年连续两年进行田间试验。试验共设 7 个处理:不施氮肥、普通尿素(Urea)、聚能网尿素(P-Urea)、腐殖酸尿素(H-Urea)、含锌尿素(Zn-Urea)、控失尿素(LC-Urea)和普通尿素加锌(Urea+Zn)。各处理的氮磷钾用量相同,除了控失尿素的氮全部基施外,其他尿素30%作基肥,70%后期随水滴施,磷钾锌肥全部基施。于加工番茄成熟期测定加工番茄生物量、产量和氮肥吸收利用率。【结果】与普通尿素相比,新型尿素的加工番茄产量增加了5.26%~11.37%、地上部干物质量增加了1.85%~19.26%,其中腐殖酸尿素比普通尿素显著增加了加工番茄的干物质量和产量,两年平均分别增加17.95%和10.31%。新型尿素显著增加加工番茄的氮素吸收量,与普通尿素相比,氮肥利用平均提高4个百分点以上,腐殖酸尿素氮肥利用率提高了9.72个百分点。施用新型尿素增加加工番茄的效益,其中腐殖酸尿素收益最高,与普通尿素相比,增收2 975 元/hm²。【结论】新型尿素中腐殖酸尿素是新疆加工番茄提高氮肥利用率和增加效益的最有效途径。  相似文献   

Temperature response of ammonia and greenhouse gas emission from manure amended silty clay soil     

Suresh Niraula  Amitava Chatterjee 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(8):663-677

Soil temperature plays an important role in organic matter decomposition, thus likely to affect ammonia and gaseous emission from land application of manure. An incubation experiment was conducted to quantify ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) (N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄) emissions from manure and urea applied at 215?kg N ha^?1 to Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil. Soil (250?g) amended with solid beef manure (SM), straw-bedded solid beef manure (BM), urea only (UO), and control (CT) were incubated at 5, 10, 15, and 25 °C for 31 days at constant 60% water holding capacity (WHC). The cumulative GHGs and NH₃ emission generally increased with temperature and highest emission observed at 25 °C. Across temperature levels, 0.11–1.3% and 0.1–0.7% of the total N was lost as N₂O and NH₃, respectively. Cumulative CO₂ emission from manure was higher than UO and CT at all temperatures (P?<?0.05). Methane accounted for <0.1% of the total C (CO₂?+?CH₄) emission across temperatures. The Q₁₀ values (temperature sensitivity coefficient) derived from Arrhenius and exponential models ranged 1.5–3.7 for N₂O, 1.4–6.4 for CO₂, 1.6–5.8 for CH₄, and 1.4–5.0 for NH_3. Our results demonstrated that temperature significantly influences NH₃ and GHG emissions irrespective of soil amendment but the magnitude of emission varied with soil nutrient availability and substrate quality. Overall, the highest temperature resulted in the highest emission of NH₃ and GHGs.  相似文献   

控失尿素对水旱轮作下水稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李志国  张润花  陈防  姜敏  王利  刘闯  张润琴  刘毅 《中国土壤与肥料》2018,(1):23-27

为探究控失尿素对水旱轮作下水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响,采用大田小区试验,研究了控失尿素减量和普通尿素不同配比混施对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤养分残留量的影响。结果表明,普通尿素和控失尿素均能显著提高水稻叶片叶绿素含量、株高和生物量,但两处理之间无显著差异。控失尿素增产效果低于普通尿素,主要是由于水稻有效穗数的降低。控失尿素和普通尿素混施比单施控失尿素增产0.51~0.92 t/hm~2。在不同配比中,控失/普通为7∶3处理更有利于水稻生长,具有较高的株高、生物量以及氮肥利用效率和较低的氮素残留,增产效果较好。控失尿素减量10%和20%都会显著降低水稻叶片叶绿素含量和肥料利用率,且分别减产0.24~0.41和0.39~0.51 t/hm~2。  相似文献   

控释肥及尿素添加剂对双季稻光合特性及产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蔡威威  艾天成  李然  金紫缘  徐金刚  曹坤坤 《中国土壤与肥料》2018,(3):54-60

试验选取4种新型尿素(树脂包膜控释尿素CRU、尿素配施氯甲基吡啶NU、硝化抑制剂DMPP、有效微生物菌剂EM)为材料,通过大田双季稻试验,研究新型尿素对水稻光合特性、生物量以及产量的影响。结果表明,新型尿素均能提高水稻叶片的净光合速率,早、晚稻分别以CRU和DMPP提高效果最为显著;气孔导度受氮肥影响较小,仅早稻季CRU降低叶片气孔导度比较显著;包膜控释尿素CRU对水稻胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率的降低效果较为明显,其他氮肥处理影响较小。4种新型尿素相比对照普通尿素,均显著促进了双季稻各生育期生物量的增加。CRU处理增产效果最为显著和稳定,早、晚稻相比CK处理平均增产19.9%(P0.05),而NU、DMPP、EM处理早稻增产不显著,晚稻增产平均达到14.6%(P0.05),且晚稻增产效应优于早稻。  相似文献   

Nutrient Composition and Distance from Point Placement to the Plant Affect Rice Growth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HU Fengqin  WANG Huoyan  MOU Pu  ZHOU Jianmin 《土壤圈》2018,28(1):124-134

Point placement of urea is an efficient technology to improve urea use efficiency in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.), but it is largely unknown how nutrient composition in the point placement and the distance from placement site to the plant influence rice root distribution and growth, nutrient uptake, and rice grain yield. A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted using both N-and P-deficient soil with point placement of N only or N and P together (N + P) at a distance close to or far from the plant, in comparison to an N-spilt application and a no-N control. Both nutrient composition and distance significantly affected rice root growth. Compared with the N point placement, the N + P point placement led to smaller root length and mass densities, higher specific root length (SRL) around the placement site, smaller root system, higher straw mass and grain yield, and higher N and P uptake. The difference between the N + P and N point placements was greater when close to the plant than when far from the plant. It is suggested that higher SRL around the placement site is essential for improving nutrient uptake and rice grain yield, and simultaneous point placement of N and P has a synergistic effect on rice growth.  相似文献   

土壤水分对包膜尿素养分释放特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高帅帅  王火焰  周健民  赵信林  刘晓伟  陈照明 《土壤》2018,50(2):277-283

试验采用土壤培养的方法,以释放期分别为60 d(肥料A)和90 d(肥料B)的两种肥料作为供试肥料,研究了土壤绝对含水量、干湿交替、相对含水量和水势因素对3种土壤中包膜尿素养分释放特性的影响。结果表明:在3种土壤中,土壤绝对含水量从50 g/kg增到200 g/kg时,包膜尿素养分释放率均随土壤水分含量的增加而显著增加,此时水分因素是控制包膜尿素养分释放的主要因素。在干湿交替条件下,两种供试肥料间释放率的差异变大,其中肥料B在潮土中释放速率较其他两种土壤中下降更多。当相对含水量在0%~50%田间持水量范围内,或水势在60~100k Pa范围内时,供试肥料在红壤中的释放显著低于潮土和水稻土,这与红壤中黏粒含量高有关;当相对含水量大于100%田间持水量时,或水势低于60 k Pa时,土壤水分和土壤类型对包膜尿素养分释放的影响基本不再显著。常用的Sugihara方程可以较好地拟合包膜尿素在试验设定水分条件下的养分释放特性,相关系数r0.95。3种不同土壤水分参数均可以用来预测包膜尿素的释放率和释放期,其中水势(x)与包膜尿素释放期(y)的拟合效果最好,关系式为y=64.79e~(0.0066x),r=0.91。  相似文献   

Urea and composted cattle manure affect forage yield and nutritive value in sandy soils of south‐central Vietnam          下载免费PDF全文

K. C. McRoberts  D. Parsons  Q. M. Ketterings  T. T. Hai  N. H. Quan  N. X. Ba  C. F. Nicholson  D. J. R. Cherney 《Grass and Forage Science》2018,73(1):132-145

Improved forage management can support increased production in smallholder beef systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of mineral nitrogen (urea) and composted cattle manure on Brachiaria cv. Mulato II yield and nutritive value in south‐central coastal Vietnam. Study design was a randomized complete block on six farms (blocks), with treatments derived from the factorial combination of five rates of composted cattle manure (0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 Mg DM ha^?1 year^?1) and three urea rates (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha^?1 year^?1), split into six yearly applications. Yield was measured from 2011 to 2013 with 36‐day average harvest intervals. Forage nutritive value was measured in September 2011 and December 2012. Highest yields were achieved when both compost and urea were applied at high rates. The initial yield and tiller responses to urea application were not sustained over the duration of the study when no compost was applied. Compost applied in isolation did not increase yield. Compost application increased ash concentration. Urea increased nutrient yield for all forage nutritive value parameters measured. Composted cattle manure combined with urea benefits grass yield, but high application rates are needed for sustained high yields on sandy soils.  相似文献   

控释尿素减施对双季稻田氨挥发损失和氮肥利用率的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

田昌  周旋  谢桂先  刘强  荣湘民  张玉平  谭力彰  彭建伟 《中国水稻科学》2018,32(4):387-397

包膜尿素对甜瓜产量、氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许俊香  徐秋明  倪小会  曹兵 《华北农学报》2009,24(3)

采用基质盆栽试验研究了包膜尿素与普通尿素对甜瓜产量、氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响.包膜尿素-次性接触施肥于幼苗根部.结果表明:包膜尿素处理的甜瓜产量显著(P<0.01)高于常规施氮处理,增产19.2%-19-4%;相比常规施氮,施用包膜尿素显著降低了果实硝酸盐含量(P<0.05);常规施氮处理的植株叶片叶绿素含量在追肥前后出现较大波动.而包膜尿素处理在甜瓜生长期间均比较稳定;甜瓜植株氮素吸收曲线与包膜尿素氮素释放规律吻合;施用包膜尿素较常规施氮提高氮肥利用率1.1～20.6个百分点.综上所述,施用包膜尿素能实现增产、提高氮肥利用率以及改善品质的目的,是一种有应用前景的新型肥料.  相似文献