甜菜种子活力与呼吸代谢的关系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张少英  邵世勤 《中国糖料》1999,(4):4-7

为了阐明甜菜种子活力的生理基础,准确评价甜菜种子质量,解决生产中播量大、保苗难、效益低的问题,以不同品种、不同贮藏年限的甜菜种子为材料,对其种子活力及其萌发过程中呼吸代谢的关系进行了研究。结果表明:随着贮藏年限的延长,种子活力下降;在种子萌发过程中,呼吸强度、ATP含量、过氧化氢酶活性在萌发初期迅速升高,然后维持2 ～6d ,萌发后期逐渐下降;高活力种子在萌发过程中呼吸代谢旺盛,其呼吸强度、ATP 含量、过氧化氢酶活性、脱氢酶活性均高于低活力种子;种子活力指数、酶活性强度、ATP含量在不同活力种子间差异显著,可作为检测甜菜种子活力的可靠指标。  相似文献   

Sperm cryopreservation of tiete tetra Brycon insignis (Characiformes): effects of cryoprotectants,extenders, thawing temperatures and activating agents on motility features     

Ana T M Viveiros  Thiciana B Amaral  Laura H Orfão  Ziara A Isaú  Danilo Caneppele  Marcelo C Leal 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):858-865

The aim of this study was to test the effects of cryoprotectants [dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and methylglycol], extenders (0.9% NaCl, 5% glucose, Beltsville Thawing Solution^? and Merck III^?), thawing temperatures (30 and 60 °C) and activating agents (0.29% NaCl and 1% NaHCO₃) on the cryopreservation process of tiete tetra Brycon insignis sperm. Sperm was loaded in 0.5 mL straws, frozen in nitrogen vapour at ?170 °C and stored in liquid nitrogen. Post‐thaw sperm quality was evaluated in terms of subjective motility rate, quality motility score (0=no movement; 5=rapidly swimming spermatozoa), duration of motility and vitality (eosin–nigrosin staining). Post‐thaw sperm motility rate was greater in methylglycol (76–88%), compared with DMSO (23–59%). In general, the highest quality motility scores were observed when sperm was thawed at 30 °C and triggered in 1% NaHCO₃ (3.5–4.3). Duration of motility was longer when triggered in 1% NaHCO₃ (95–120 s) compared with 0.29% NaCl (69–107 s). Sperm vitality was not affected by any of the parameters tested and varied from 51% to 69% intact sperm. Brycon insignis sperm frozen in methylglycol combined with any of the extenders tested and using the methods described above yields motility above 57% and that should last long enough to fertilize oocytes.  相似文献   

Fish stress and mortality can be predicted using reflex impairment     

Michael W. Davis 《Fish and Fisheries》2010,11(1):1-11

Fish stress and mortality can be significant problems in both capture and culture operations. In addition to inexpensive and real-time metrics, ones that are simple to use are also desirable for measuring fish stress and predicting mortality. Current methods to define stress rely on expensive, laboratory-based measurements of changes in fish pathology such as disease, necropsy and histology, in physiology such as plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose and ions and in complex behaviour determined from swimming, feeding and predator evasion. All of these methods are often not rigorously linked to fitness outcomes. An alternative is to observe reflex impairment as a direct sign of stress which can be easily and rapidly measured in free swimming or restrained fish responding to peripheral stimuli such as gravity, light, sound and touch. Reflex impairment is correlated with stress and mortality outcomes, eliminating the need for prolonged holding or monitoring of fish. A few examples of reflexes that may be impaired include orientation, startle responses, fin erection, body flex upon restraint, operculum and mouth clamping or gaping, gag response and vestibular–ocular response. Reflex impairment combines the effects of stressors and their interactions and is not dependent on fish size, motivation states and acclimation which make it a consistent sign of stress across a wide range of stressor types and fish ages. Use of reflex impairment to measure stress and predict mortality would significantly improve monitoring of fish health and welfare in many types of field operations such as commercial and recreational fishing, aquaculture, live transport, stock enhancement and tagging.  相似文献   

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法     

杨其彬  李晓兰  孙苗苗  温为庚  黄建华 《南方水产》2010,6(1):12-18

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检,进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验,并采用病毒检测等方法,以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明,斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性,体表光洁,肌肉透亮,肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜,健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力,而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象;虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低,随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低,随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min,成活率近100％;在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好,而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测,可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。  相似文献   

Use of reflex indicators for measuring vitality and mortality of the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in captivity     

Philip James  David Izquierdo‐Gmez  Sten I. Siikavuopio 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1321-1328

The snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) is one of the most important commercial crabs in the world; it is heavily exploited in Atlantic Canada, Alaska, the Sea of Japan and the Barents Sea. Catches in the Barents Sea north of Norway have increased dramatically in the last decade. Most of the world's catch is processed, frozen and exported overseas. However, recently there has been considerable interest in exporting live snow crab, particularly in Norway. The stress of capture and live transport can result in significant mortalities. In order to establish a live export industry for snow crab, the welfare of the animal must be monitored throughout all the steps of the live transport process. In this study the reactions of snow crabs exposed to increasing periods of air exposure were measured in terms of reflex indicators, incidence of mortality, blood lactate levels and blood protein and haemocyanin. Although this is not a specific live holding or live transport process the aim was to test the suitability of reflex indicators to reflect vitality (stress) and not just to predict mortality. This would be compared with traditional blood biochemistry techniques for measuring crustacean stress. The study demonstrated that the reflex index score (RIS) is suitable to assess the vitality of snow crab. Longer air exposure periods render higher mortality rates and less vital individuals. The authors believe using vitality reflex indicators would be a suitable way of measuring crab welfare during the live holding and transport process.  相似文献   

环境因子对大黄鱼精子活力的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

朱冬发  成永旭  王春琳  薛良义 《水产科学》2005,24(12):4-6

通过观测精子的激活率、活动时间和寿命研究了几种环境因子的变化对养殖大黄鱼精子活力的影响。试验结果表明:精子平均密度为(1.17±0.09)×1010.ml-1,盐度对大黄鱼精子活力影响较大。当海水盐度适宜(19.61~24.87)时,精子的激活率≥90%,活动时间≥9.65 min,寿命≥13.50 min;在pH=4.0~10.0的海水中,精子都能被正常激活(≥70%),适宜的pH值为7.5~8.0;不同浓度的葡萄糖、NaCl和KCl溶液对精子活力的影响不同,不同浓度的EDTA-2Na溶液均不能激活精子;无Ca2 、Mg2 或HCO3-的人工海水对精子的激活率均高达90%,但精子的活动时间却有较大幅度的缩减。  相似文献   

子午岭主要森林类型土壤种子库研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

王辉  任继周 《干旱区资源与环境》2004,18(3):130-136

对子午岭天然油松林、人工油松林、人工落叶松林、人工刺槐林四种林分的土壤种子库特征初步研究结果表明 :人工油松林种子库储量平均为 675 .9粒 /m2 ,人工刺槐林为648.8粒 /m2 ,人工落叶松林为 839.4粒 /m2 ,天然油松林为 45 5粒 /m2 ,各林分土壤种子库储量属中等水平 ;本次调查的天然油松林种子库种子活力为零 ,人工油松林种子库活力种子占 0 .5 % ,人工落叶松林种子库活力种子占 4.2 % ,刺槐林种子库活力种子占 74.4%。除人工刺槐林种子库种子质量较高外 ,针叶林各林分种子库种子质量都较差 ;人工油松林林下油松幼苗的分布密度平均为 1～ 3株 /m2 ,人工刺槐林林下多见灌木幼苗 ,另两种林分林下幼苗较少 ,表明不同林分土壤种子库种子都具有一定的萌发能力 ;从各林分土壤种子库的组成看 ,主要树种的种子在种子库中所占比例都在 85 %以上 ,人工油松林土壤种子库物种多样性指数较高 ,而其它林分土壤种子库物种多样性指数均较小 ;土壤种子库中 80 %左右的种子集中分布在枯枝落叶层和 0 - 2 cm土壤层中 ,下层种子数量很少 ;方差分析表明 ,枯枝落叶层厚度、树高、郁闭度、胸径等因子变化对土壤种子库储量影响显著。综合分析认为 ,子午岭主要森林类型土壤种子库能够为林分的天然更新提供基本条件。  相似文献   

连续亏缺灌溉与根系分区灌溉对苹果幼树根系生长的影响     

刘贤赵  刘德林 《中国生态农业学报》2010,18(6):1199-1205

利用传统盆栽方法,于2007年5～10月在山东省烟台市农业科学院果树研究所实验果园进行了常规灌溉[Conventional irrigation,CI,在树盘两侧按100%的蒸发量(直径为120mm的蒸发皿测定)进行灌溉]、根系分区灌溉(Partial root-zonei rrigation,PRI,灌溉水量为CI的50%,树盘两侧交替灌溉)和连续亏缺灌溉(Continuous deficit imigation,CDI,灌溉水量为CI的50%,树盘两侧均匀灌溉)试验,研究了3种灌溉模式对2龄苹果幼树(品种为"长富2号")根系生长的影响。结果表明:PRI处理的根长比CI和CDI处理长,CDI处理最短;PRI处理显著促进了直径2mm的吸收根的生长,但吸收根对增加总根干物质量贡献不显著。3种灌溉处理的苹果幼树根系生物量积累近似"S"形曲线。由于PRI处理的土壤含水量适宜,土壤通气性较好,其根系活力、生长速度和最终根干物质量都明显大于其他处理;CI处理土壤水分过于充足,根系生长出现避水性,因而根系生长相对缓慢,根系活力下降,根生物量介于CDI和PRI之间;CDI处理因土壤持续干旱,根系活力和根干物质量最小。3种灌溉处理的根冠比随灌溉时间的增加呈下降趋势,CI的下降幅度大于CDI和PRI,PRI的根冠比最大(处理90d时以CDI处理的根冠比最大),CI的根冠比最小,CDI介于二者之间。说明在供水量减少50%的情况下,PRI灌水方式可促进苹果幼树根系的生长,而持续湿润或干燥均不利于根系的生长。  相似文献   

授粉树与花粉活力对板栗结实率和坐果率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周晶  郭素娟  李文泉  刘建玲 《辽宁林业科技》2009,(5):5-8

以北京市怀柔区3个板栗主栽品种为授粉母树,采用9个不同种源的良种作为父本,进行授粉试验,研究授粉树与花粉活力对板栗结实率和坐果率的影响。结果表明：东陵明珠和石丰是燕山红粟的最佳授粉树;遵玉和紫珀是怀九的最佳授粉树;紫珀和东陵明珠是怀黄的最佳授粉树;花粉活力在盛花期时最高,对任何品种而言,盛花期都是最佳的授粉期。  相似文献   

城市近郊林土壤种子库研究     

张博  高尚军  殷鸣放  金宁  张岩  管宁 《辽宁林业科技》2009,(3)

对沈阳、抚顺两城市交接的近郊林区不同林分类型土壤种子库进行研究.结果表明:不同林分类型土壤种子库均具有较好的储量和活力,其储量大小顺序为:乔木林地＞灌木林地＞宜林荒地,土壤种子库物种多样性指数大小顺序为:灌木林地＞乔木林地＞宜林荒地,种子种类以乡土树种为主;数量化分析表明坡位对乔木林地及灌木林地中土壤种子库储量和活力影响较大,而植被覆盖度对宜林荒地中土壤种子库储量和活力影响较大.  相似文献