生物炭对酸化茶园土壤性状和真菌群落结构的影响     

王义祥  黄家庆  叶菁  李艳春  林怡  刘岑薇 《茶叶科学》2021,41(3):419-429

为探讨生物炭长期施用对酸化茶园土壤改良和真菌群落结构的影响,分析了按生物炭用量0、2.5、5、10、20、40 t·hm-2施用5年后的茶园土壤性状和真菌群落结构变化.结果表明,施用生物炭5年后的茶园土壤pH提高了0.16～1.11,可溶性有机碳含量提高了52.6％～92.3％,而铵态氮和硝态氮含量以10 t·hm-2...  相似文献   

库尔勒地区香梨茎蜂发生动态及黄板控害效果     

赵全新  高有华  荣华  赵志强  张卢慧  郭庆元 《中国农学通报》2021,37(19):124-127

为明确库尔勒市及其周边果园香梨茎蜂的发生规律和为害情况及黄色粘虫板的诱杀效果,于2020年香梨茎蜂成虫活动期,利用黄色粘虫板按五点取样法定期调查成虫诱捕数量,分析其当年发生动态;并于香梨茎蜂活动期之后采用五点取样法分别调查未悬挂黄板果园与悬挂黄板果园的香梨茎蜂为害率,对比分析黄色粘虫板对香梨茎蜂为害的防控效果。经调查,香梨茎蜂主要在梨树花期前后为害,在4月中旬达到发生高峰期,成虫活动时间为19天（4月6—24日）,主要通过雌成虫产卵行为为害新梢,在未挂黄板果园平均为害率为29.13%,悬挂黄板的香梨园平均为害率为13.60%,相较于未挂黄板的对照香梨园为害减少率为52.41%。香梨茎蜂成虫出枝活动期是防虫控害的关键时期,悬挂黄色粘虫板对香梨茎蜂的为害有明显的防控效果。建议当地4月在香梨园中大面积使用黄色粘虫板诱杀成虫,减少香梨茎蜂的为害。  相似文献   

近50年来黄河源区水文要素周期性分析及模拟     

王军德  胡想全  李玉龙  肖栋  程玉菲 《节水灌溉》2009,(3)

寒区水文过程是寒区生态系统中的重要环节之一,水热状况将直接决定高寒地区的生态环境状况.用滑动趋势法和墨西哥帽状小波变化分别获取了研究区域近50年来气候变化的年际年代变化及其周期分析,基于青藏高原太阳辐射平衡已有成果,结合联合国粮农组织推荐的彭曼-蒙蒂斯模型,对于达日县可能蒸散发进行了数值模拟.得出以下主要结论:近50年来达日县降水年增加率为0.557 mm/a,而该县最大可能蒸散发量的年增加率为0.132 mm/a,气候总体趋势是由干旱向湿润方向发生转变;达日县年气温序列主要呈现20 a、15 a、7 a和5 a的周期振荡,年降水序列表现为15～20 a和7～8 a的周期振荡;近20年来可能蒸散发呈递减的趋势,汛期序列递减率为0.046 7 mm/a,冬春序列递减率为0.108 4 mm/a.  相似文献   

甘蓝型黄籽双低杂交油菜新品种油研九号恢复系5862R的选育   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

张瑞茂  侯国佐 《种子》2002,(5):21-23

以优良的甘蓝型油菜黑籽双低品系6003和黄籽双低高油分品系408作为基础材料，采用杂交有种程序，经过5年8代（含杂交当代）的连续定向选择，育成了黄籽频率达91.6%-96.2%。含油量46.7%-49.3%，芥酸0.68%-0.14%。硫甙24.6-39.14μmol/g,丰产性与中双4号相当的甘蓝型黄籽双低新品系5862R，并被用作恢复系组配成功一个甘蓝型黄籽双低杂交油菜新品种油研九号，于1998年通过贵州省审定，至2001年秋在长江流域各省已累计示范推广面积达4万公顷左右。  相似文献   

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae     

Q.H. AI  J.Z. ZHAO  K.S. MAI  W. XU  B.P. TAN  H.M. MA  Z.G. LIUFU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(6):515-522

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.  相似文献   

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>     

Akihiro Okamura  Yoshiaki Yamada  Noriyuki Horie  Tomoko Utoh  Naomi Mikawa  Satoru Tanaka  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(3):642-648

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.  相似文献   

南黄海族小黄鱼昼夜渔获率差异的统计学分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

严利平  林龙山  张寒野  王大弟 《海洋渔业》2008,30(2)

利用2004年度东海区重点渔场底曳拖网渔业资源监测资料,从中选用小黄鱼网次渔获率作为指标值,应用LSD方法对南黄海族小黄鱼昼夜渔获率差异进行了统计学分析,以揭示小黄鱼昼夜的活动规律。结果表明,小黄鱼在不同的洄游阶段昼夜网次间渔获率无显著性差异,昼夜无垂直移动现象,常年处于底层,为典型的底层鱼类;在利用底曳拖网船进行渔业资源调查时,无需修正昼夜网次间小黄鱼的渔获率,用获取的调查数据即可估算资源量。  相似文献   

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.  相似文献   

Kernel vitreousness and protein content: Relationship,interaction and synergistic effects on durum wheat quality     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

Four sets of durum samples were used in this study to further understand the interrelationships among hard vitreous kernels (HVK), protein content, and pigment concentration, with a focus on the interaction and synergistic effects of protein content and vitreousness on durum quality. HVK level increases with higher protein content in the range of 9.5–12.5%, but this relationship is less evident in durum samples with high protein content (12.5–14.5%). Both protein content and kernel vitreousness can significantly affect durum milling quality. White starchy kernels (WSK) in low protein durum have a very detrimental impact on milling and pasta processing quality, but high protein content can mitigate the adverse impact of WSK on durum quality. Although protein content plays a dominant role, higher HVK might contribute positively to pasta firmness. There was no significant difference in yellow pigment content between HVK and WSK. However, pigment loss from semolina to dough was higher for WSK than HVK. Despite the difference in protein content, HVK and WSK have little difference in gluten strength. The monomeric protein was preferentially accumulated in HVK. The glutenin proteins of HVK and WSK were similar in the ratios of 1Bx/1By and HMW/LMW-GS.  相似文献   

柑橘黄化脉明病毒的TGB基因生物信息学分析及亚细胞定位     

崔甜甜  王艳娇  李中安  周常勇  宋震 《园艺学报》2017,44(8):1579-1588

柑橘黄化脉明病毒(Citrus yellow vein clearing virus,CYVCV)是一种正义单链RNA病毒。其基因组含有6个开放阅读框(ORF),其中ORF2、ORF3和ORF4组成了三基因连锁结构(triple gene block,TGB)。以感染CYVCV的尤力克柠檬[Citrus limon(L.)Burm.f.]植株的总RNA为模板,扩增和克隆了CYVCV的TGB基因,并开展了其编码蛋白的理化性质和分子特性等生物信息学分析;进而通过In-Fusion~?技术构建了TGB各基因的亚细胞定位载体,经农杆菌介导转化洋葱表皮细胞并在荧光显微镜下进行亚细胞定位观察。生物信息学分析结果表明,CYVCV-TGB具有与Potexvirus属病毒TGB相似的理化性质和分子特性,可能参与病毒在寄主中的运动且需要外壳蛋白的参与。亚细胞定位结果显示,TGBp1定位于细胞壁(膜)上,TGBp2和TGBp3主要定位于细胞壁(膜),少量呈星点状定位于细胞内。研究结果为揭示CYVCV在寄主中的运动机理奠定了基础。  相似文献