猪流行性腹泻病毒及其卵黄抗体研究进展     

梅小强  曾忠花  徐函  赵鹏伟  刘永贵  李卫芬 《畜牧与兽医》2019,(7):127-131

猪流行性腹泻病毒是引起仔猪病毒性腹泻甚至死亡的关键诱因,而安全高效的抗猪流行性腹泻病毒卵黄抗体具有降低仔猪腹泻率、死亡率等优点已应用于生猪养殖。本文总结了近年来猪流行性腹泻病毒的致病机理及其卵黄抗体的制备与应用效果的研究进展,为卵黄抗体在防治猪流行性腹泻上的应用提供理论基础和技术指导。  相似文献   

Extenders modify the seminal plasma ability to minimize freeze‐thaw damage on ram sperm     

Rafael Ramírez‐Vasquez  Andreina Cesari  Micaela B. Greco  Adriana Cano  Federico Hozbor 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(12):1621-1629

Seminal plasma (SP) proteins interact with sperm plasma membrane (PM) modulating its functionality. It has been shown that SP proteins can reverse the damage caused by freeze‐thaw; however in these studies, SP has been added to washed sperm (i.e., cells depleted from homologous SP and extender). The aim of the current study was to assess whether the egg yolk‐based extender (EY) modifies SP ability to ameliorate sperm parameters in frozen‐thawed ram spermatozoa. Ejaculates were diluted in EY or soybean lecithin‐based extender (SL) and evaluated before and after freezing to measure the cell damage according to the extender. Even when all classical parameters decreased after freezing, as expected (p < .05), there was no effect of the extender. SP treatment was applied after freeze‐thaw. Sperm were incubated with SP (20% v/v) in the presence of either EY or SL, and sperm parameters were assessed after thawing compared with the same treatments after Percoll sperm selection (washed). Treatments with 20% SP improved sperm total and progressive motility compared with controls regardless of washing and extender (p < .05); however, washed sperm showed higher percentage of total sperm motility compared with those unwashed (p < .05). Moreover, treatment with 20% SP showed significantly higher percentages of PM integrity, sperm with intact acrosomes, integrity of chromatin and non‐capacitated sperm in samples diluted with EY when washed before treatment compared with the other conditions (p < .05). It was concluded that the presence of the extenders and particularly egg yolk alters the SP capacity to reduce the cryodamage.  相似文献   

Effect of marine by‐product meals on hen egg production parameters,yolk lipid composition and sensory quality          下载免费PDF全文

E. Toyes‐Vargas  R. Ortega‐Pérez  J. L. Espinoza‐Villavicencio  M. Arellano‐Pérez  R. Civera  E. Palacios 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):462-473

The effect of including 5% marine by‐product meals in feeds of laying hens on egg production, composition and sensory characteristics was tested. Marine by‐product meals were prepared using two methods: (i) cooking (100°C/10 min) followed by drying (60°C/24 hr) or (ii) grinding followed by drying. The raw materials used for meal production were scallop or squid viscera, shrimp heads or whole mackerel. A total of 108 laying hens were allocated to nine diet treatments; one control diet (corn and soya bean based) and eight experimental diets, containing 95% of the control feed and 5% of the experimental meal for three weeks. Daily intake was higher in hens fed the dried mackerel and cooked shrimp meals. All the experimental treatments showed significantly higher concentration of n‐3 HUFA in yolk reserves and phospholipids compared to the control (0.12–0.13 g per 100 g), especially those with scallop or squid prepared by both methods (0.53–0.95 g per 100 g). Scallop, squid and shrimp meal inclusion in the feed produced eggs with more astaxanthin (0.22 mg per 100 g) while this carotenoid was absent in the control and mackerel treatments. Visual evaluation of raw yolk colour increased with the inclusion of marine by‐product meals with higher values in hens fed shrimp heads (13), followed by scallop viscera (11), squid viscera (9), and with similar values for mackerel and control (4). The taste, aroma, texture and colour of cooked eggs from different treatments were not statically different when evaluated by a panel of 60 untrained people. These results suggest that meals from marine by‐products are a better alternative for improving egg yolk composition by increasing n‐3 HUFA when compared to fishmeal as they also increase astaxanthin and yolk pigmentation without affecting egg sensory characteristics.  相似文献   

二十二碳六烯酸的生理学功能及其在家禽生产中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

龙烁  王浩  武书庚  齐广海  张海军  王晶 《动物营养学报》2017,29(4)

二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)属于ω-3系列长链多不饱和脂肪酸,对机体有重要的生理功能。本文综述了DHA的生理学功能、代谢机理、不同DHA来源的比较以及在家禽生产中的应用,旨在为DHA在家禽生产中的科学应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

卵黄性腹膜炎、鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率、产蛋率影响的初步调查     

王玲  牟抑扬  曾卫东  韩银华  胡国良  郭小权  刘佩  李婷婷  张丽媛  刘平 《中国畜牧兽医》2018,45(5):1349-1356

为了探讨卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率和产蛋率的影响，在2016年1月至2017年4月中旬，对江苏省常州市某种鸡场岭南黄鸡、花鸡（金茅花鸡）、草鸡（金茅草鸡）、黄脚麻鸡4个品种鸡的发病及死亡情况进行临床症状观察及病理剖解；同时记录鸡场每日的鸡死亡数、产蛋数、每日免疫和用药情况，分析不同时期的死亡率和产蛋率，比较不同品种鸡的产蛋率及产蛋高峰期产蛋率与正常蛋鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率（参考值80%）之间的差异。从死亡鸡的剖解结果来看，腹腔内卵黄凝固黏连在肠道上，输卵管肿大，充满白色或淡黄色干酪样物，初步诊断为卵黄性腹膜炎；肝脏和脾脏肿大，肠系膜或胸壁有肿瘤状物体，初步诊断为鸡白血病。岭南黄鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著高于产蛋上升期和高峰期（P<0.01），黄脚麻鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著低于产蛋高峰期（P<0.01）；花鸡、草鸡、黄脚麻鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率平均值均低于60%，与参考值（80%）差异极显著（P<0.01）。综合试验结果，卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对鸡场影响严重，导致鸡死亡率上升，产蛋率下降；抗应激药和营养药可以起到缓解预防的作用，但无法根治，尚无有效的治疗方法。  相似文献   

微生物磷脂酶C检测方法的研究进展     

高林 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(23):12412-12413

介绍了磷脂酶C检测方法的研究进展,并对各检测方法的特点进行了比较。  相似文献   

Influence of Water Provision to Chicks Before Placement and Effects on Performance and Incidence of Unabsorbed Yolk Sacs     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(4):538-543

A study was conducted to determine the effect of water provision to chicks before placement on performance and the incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs. To accomplish this, a device was used that was designed to deliver water to chicks in chick baskets during holding at the hatchery and transportation to the growout house. Commercial chicks were obtained from the hatchery and held for either 24 or 48 h with or without access to water before placement. Chicks were then distributed into floor pens with ad libitum access to feed and water. At 6 wk of age, broilers were processed, and intestines were evaluated for presence or absence of an unabsorbed yolk sac and intestinal breaking strength. Body weight at placement was 2 to 6 g greater for chicks given access to water; however, this difference was not observed at any other time during the growout. Water provision during holding had no affect on feed consumption, mortality, or the birds’ ability to completely absorb the yolk sac during the 6 wk growout. Incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs in 6 wk old birds ranged from 15 to 28%. Moreover, presence or absence of an unabsorbed yolk sac had no effect on intestinal breaking strength. Data from the present study demonstrates that providing chicks with water before placement does not influence performance, intestinal breaking strength, or the incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs.  相似文献   

利用蛋白质组学筛选影响鸡孵化率的蛋黄蛋白质     

舒高乐  王喜琼  徐桂云  杨宁  闫奕源  李光奇  吴桂琴  孙从佼 《中国家禽》2021,(1):10-17

为研究蛋黄中的功能蛋白对鸡胚发育的作用机制,试验以高、低孵化率母鸡为研究对象,提取两组母鸡所产蛋的蛋黄蛋白质,采用TMT标记定量技术首次对不同孵化率的鸡蛋蛋黄进行蛋白质组学分析,共鉴定到404种蛋白质,其中包含31个差异蛋白。通过查阅文献与数据库检索发现,这些差异蛋白主要具有抗菌性能、蛋白质加工、凝血及分化代谢等生物学功能。其中DNABJ11在高孵化率组显著上调(FC=+270.65,P<0.05),在调控蛋白质正确折叠方面发挥重要作用,其他蛋白WFDC2(FC=+29.14)和UMOD(FC=+4.53)参与宿主防御,过表达时有利于胚胎发育,而FOXA1(FC=-12.15)过表达时则对胚胎发育不利。研究发现了与胚胎发育密切相关的蛋黄蛋白质,对全面理解胚胎生长具有重要的生物学意义。  相似文献   

高压均质鸡蛋卵黄对猪冷冻精子凋亡的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

汪俊跃  戴建军  张树山  孙玲伟  吴彩凤  张德福 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(8):2190-2199

为探究高压均质鸡蛋卵黄对猪冷冻精子凋亡的影响，本试验采集5头健康状态良好的杜洛克公猪精液，以普通鸡蛋卵黄+Tris-柠檬酸-葡萄糖（TCG）冷冻基础稀释液为对照组，以添加高压均质处理的鸡蛋卵黄+Tris-柠檬酸-葡萄糖（TCG）冷冻基础稀释液为试验组；精液冷冻-解冻后观察精子活力、DNA完整性、线粒体膜电位变化、细胞凋亡率、多种Caspase活性；同时利用qRT-PCR检测相关凋亡功能基因的mRNA表达水平，并进行数据统计。结果表明，经高压均质处理后，猪精子冻后活力、活率和顶体完整率显著高于对照组（P<0.05），为87.64%、87.14%和66.61%，较对照组分别提高了12.58%、5.82%和12.48%；线粒体膜电位和DNA完整率显著高于对照组（P<0.05），为0.74和61.76%；精子凋亡水平显著减少（P<0.05），为37.74%；试验组的Caspase-3、Caspase-8和Caspase-9活性为17.15、11.19和15.18，较对照组分别减少了6.17、2.18和3.51（P<0.05）；对照组的Bax、TNF-α、Caspase-9基因表达均明显高于试验组（P<0.05），Bcl-2基因表达量较试验组降低（P>0.05）。综上，高压均质鸡蛋卵黄能提高猪精子冻后质量，促进线粒体功能完整性、降低精子细胞早期凋亡水平和细胞内Caspase活性，同时降低凋亡相关基因mRNA表达量。  相似文献   

鸵鸟卵黄对猪精子冷冻后质量的影响     

马玲琴  贾永宏  马国际  袁建民 《畜牧兽医杂志》2012,31(2):29-31,34

为了提高猪冷冻精液品质和精子抵抗低温打击的能力,本研究以5%、10%、15%、20%和25%等不同浓度的鸵鸟卵黄作为冷冻保护剂,以20%的鸡蛋卵黄和20%的鸽蛋卵黄为对照,将冷冻-解冻后的精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率作为评价指标,分析鸵鸟卵黄对猪精子的抗冷冻保护作用。结果表明：稀释液中添加20%鸽蛋卵黄时,精子活率、顶体完整率和质膜完整性分别为52.11%、55.62%和54.94%,显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）。虽然稀释液中添加15%鸵鸟卵黄时,冷冻-解冻后精子活率、顶体完整率和质膜完整率显著高于5%、10%、20%和25%鸵鸟卵黄组,但仍然显著低于稀释液中添加20%鸽蛋卵黄处理组。本研究表明,鸵鸟卵黄在冷冻过程中对猪精子具有一定的保护作用,但相对于鸽子蛋和鸡蛋卵黄效果并不理想。  相似文献