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为探究同期排卵处理母牛体温和活动量变化规律及不同同期排卵技术处理效果,指导同期排卵技术优化。本研究自动监测了18头20月龄左右同期排卵(GnRH-PG-GnRH)处理荷斯坦母牛和17头产后40~60 d预同期排卵(PG-PG-GnRH-PG-GnRH)处理荷斯坦母牛的体温和活动量,应用自动检测系统进行母牛发情监测。结果发现,同期排卵处理母牛发情时阴道温度平均升高(0.43±0.20)℃,持续(12.37±2.73)h;活动量平均升高(18.28±18.61)倍,持续(11.00±1.68)h;排卵时阴道温度平均下降(0.20±0.10)℃,持续(11.00±1.68)h。自动化发情监测显示,同期排卵处理母牛7头发情并排卵;预同期排卵母牛GnRH处理前全部发情排卵。两种同期排卵处理,虽可改变母牛性周期进程,促进母牛性周期同步化,但均难以使母牛性周期完全同步。因此,将同期排卵-定时输精和发情鉴定技术科学结合才能取得更好的繁殖效果。 相似文献
3.
旨在评估宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传水平。本研究使用DMU(v6.0)软件的AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对宁夏地区12 415头荷斯坦牛,包括111 735个观察值的9个乳房性状进行遗传参数估计,运用主成分分析法(PCA)探讨构象性状之间的关系。结果表明,宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状遗传力处于中等偏低水平,乳房深度遗传力值为0.242,乳房质地为0.080,悬韧带为0.183,前乳房附着为0.230,前乳头位置为0.231,前乳头长度为0.173,后乳房高为0.272,后乳房宽为0.378,后乳头位置为0.169。各性状遗传相关范围为-0.277~0.706,表型相关范围为-0.084~0.316。研究共筛选出特征值≥1的4个主成分,占总方差的64.19%,且9个乳房性状在前3个主成分中已全部体现,荷载系数均在0.4以上。本研究通过对宁夏地区奶牛DHI数据的深入挖掘和遗传参数估计,准确地把握了宁夏奶牛群体的结构特征,对于奶牛的选种选配和育种规划具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
In order to survey the behaviour of choosing the alley area instead of a cubicle as a lying place (cubicle refusal), a questionnaire was sent to the 273 dairy farms in Norway known to keep cows in cubicle housing systems. Sixty-six percent of the farmers contacted were included in the study. The median herd size was 18 cows (range 7-118). More than 85% of the herds had sheds providing one or more cubicles per cow. The mean herd occurrence of cubicle refusal was 6%, but showed great variation (range 0-55%). Regression analysis showed a significant association between rearing heifers in slatted floor pens and an increased cubicle refusal occurrence (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.05), while herd size, use of litter, or cubicle-to-animal ratio were not found to be associated with cubicle refusal. The practice of rearing heifers in slatted floor pens accounted for about one half of the observed cubicle refusal (etiologic fraction = 0.51). 相似文献
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用RAPD技术筛选中国荷斯坦牛产奶量性状遗传标记 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
选用320条10碱基随机引物在由36头高产(305d产奶量〉8500kg)和32头低产(305d产奶量〈5600kg)中国荷斯坦牛所组成的2个DNA池间进行RAPD-PCR扩增,从中筛选出稳定性好、带型清晰且在2个DNA池间有明显差异的RAPD引物24条。用筛选到的24条引物对所有个体进行PCR检测,得到了5个与奶牛产奶量性状相关的RAPD标记,并对其中4个进行了克隆测序和SCAR标记转化以及生物信息学分析。结果表明:SCAR标记yield—s139与产奶量密切相关,应用电子克隆方法已将该标记由921bp延伸到2141bp,经同源性比较发现,此标记对应于奶牛基因组中LINEs家族中的一个重复元件,推测该元件附近可能存在与产奶量性状相关的QTLs或主效基因。 相似文献
8.
Jezie A. Acorda DVM Magr Haruo Yamada DVM DVSc Seyed Mehdi Ghamsari DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1994,35(3):196-200
Ultrasonography of the liver was performed in 200 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle using a 3.5 MHz transducer with a linear array electronic scanner. Liver samples were taken, processed and examined microscopically and the fat occupying rate was calculated. The hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated according to the presence of bright pattern, dark pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges. Of the 200 animals, 96 had a normal liver, 63 had hydropic degeneration of the liver, 37 had fatty infiltration of the liver, 3 had liver dystrophy and I had hepatic amyloidosis, diagnosed through histopathological examination. Amyloidosis was characterized by bright pattern and blurring of edges. Liver dystrophy had higher percentages of bright pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Hydropic degeneration had higher percentages of dark pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Fatty infiltration had higher percentages of bright pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges than normal liver. The present results suggest that different ultrasonographic patterns can be observed in various diffuse hepatocellular disorders in dairy cattle 相似文献
9.
The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
N. Mestorino M. F. Landoni M. Alt J. O. Errecalde 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(4):295-303
The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t
1/2) and elimination (t
1/2) half-lives of 6.10±1.39 min and 1.60±0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9±0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79±256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t
1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89±11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t
1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62±1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09±3.42 µg/ml at 2.5±0.32 h.After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2±0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02±1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90±5.24 µg/ml at 23±8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59±6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91±4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37±2.20 µg/ml at 3.4±0.22 h.Abbreviations AUC
area under the concentration-time curve
- CAP
chloramphenicol
-
C
max
peak concentration
- IM
intramuscular
- IV
intravenous
- TAP
thiamphenicol
-
t
1/2
distribution half-life
-
t
1/2
elimination half-life
-
V
c
volume of central compartment
-
V
d
volume of distribution 相似文献
10.