Optimization of DTPA and calcium chloride extractants for assessing extractable metal fraction in polluted soils     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):13-29

Abstract

Metal availability in soils is often assessed by means of extraction with chemical solutions, among others the chelating agent DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) and the non‐buffered salt calcium chloride (CaCl₂). The same procedures are used for polluted soils that were originally created to assess the nutrient status of arable soils. We studied the influence of various parameters (type of shaker, shaking time, soil to solution ratio, and concentration of chemical extractant) and modify the DTPA and CaCl₂ extraction procedures to make them suitable for the study of polluted soils. The chosen extraction ratio and extractant concentration were the followings: 8 g/20 mL of 0.1 MCaCl₂ and 2 g/20 mL of 0.005 M DTPA. The optimized procedures were applied to nine soil samples affected by different sources of pollution (mine works, vehicle emissions, and various industries). Cadmium (Cd) showed the highest extractability with both extractants. Depending on the soil, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) (using DPTA) and Cu and manganese (Mn) (using CaCl₂) were the followings in the extractable amounts. Cadmium, Cu, and Zn were highly correlated in both extractions and with total contents.  相似文献   

Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase,kunitz trypsin inhibitor,lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins     

Sang Woo Choi  Won Gi Chae  Gyung Young Kang  Jong Il Chung 《Plant Breeding》2021,140(1):123-129

Soybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).  相似文献   

DNA甲基化参与调控马铃薯响应干旱胁迫的关键基因挖掘     

李鹏程  毕真真  孙超  秦天元  梁文君  王一好  许德蓉  刘玉汇  张俊莲  白江平 《作物学报》2021,(4):599-612

植物受到干旱胁迫时,会通过DNA甲基化做出快速反应以帮助其应对胁迫。为探究在干旱胁迫下,DNA甲基化是如何影响基因转录表达,本研究对甘露醇模拟干旱和5-azadC(去甲基化)处理下,抗旱性不同的2个马铃薯品种(抗旱型,青薯9号;干旱敏感型,大西洋)进行转录组学分析,以Fold-change>2和校正后P<0.01进行差异表达基因(DEG)的筛选。GO富集分析发现,2种处理都共同显著富集到氧化应激和碳水化合物代谢过程相关的GO term。说明不同耐旱性马铃薯在响应干旱胁迫时,与这些GO term相关的基因也受DNA去甲基化调控。对既响应干旱又响应DNA去甲基化的1345个DEG进行KEGG功能富集发现,与植物抗旱相关的通路有植物MAPK信号途径、植物激素信号转导途径、植物谷胱甘肽代谢通路、糖酵解与糖异生和磷酸肌醇代谢通路。说明这些通路相关基因在大西洋和青薯9号2个抗旱性不同的马铃薯品种中,响应干旱的敏感性受DNA甲基化调控。接着对DEG上游1500 bp启动子区域进行顺式作用原件和甲基化CpG岛分析发现,干旱胁迫下参与植物谷胱甘肽代谢的GST基因通过DNA去甲基化来降低启动子区ABRE和CAAT-box作用元件的甲基化水平,进而激活该基因的表达以应对干旱胁迫。因此,利用比较转录组学分析干旱和DNA去甲基化处理下的差异基因,可挖掘到DNA甲基化参与调控马铃薯响应干旱胁迫的相关基因,为研究马铃薯干旱胁迫响应的表观遗传学机理提供新的研究思路。  相似文献   

The distributions of tuber sizes in droughted and irrigated crops of potato. II. Relation between size and weight of tubers and the variability of tuber-size distributions     

D. K. L. Mackerron  B. Marshall  R. A. Jefferies 《Potato Research》1988,31(2):279-288

Summary Tubers from six cultivars of potato grown in irrigated and droughted conditions were examined to show whether observed differences in grade distributions were simple consequences of differences in yield or were the results of changes in tuber shape or in the relative variability (Rv=σ/μ) of the distributions. Differences in tuber shape, indicated by the relations between tuber size (mm) and weight, were statistically significant but were insufficient to cause measurable changes in the grade distributions. There was a range of values of Rv but drought had no statistically significant effect on Rv and may only affect it by influencing the numbers of tubers set. The main effect of drought on the distribution of tuber sizes was through its effect on total yield and hence on mean tuber size. Yield and number of tubers define a unique tuber-size distribution regardless of the soil moisture stress experienced by the crop.  相似文献   

广东省南美白对虾豚鼠气单胞菌的分离鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李梅  游卓霖  陈锋  潘子强  陈永强  沈志华  罗清荣 《上海海洋大学学报》2015,24(4):579-586

广东省某养殖场南美白对虾于2012年突发传染病,为确定该病病原并对其进行有效防制,特利用分子生物学技术对病原进行了分离鉴定。结果从发病南美白对虾分离纯化到1株优势菌ZHBX12016,将该菌人工浸浴感染南美白对虾,5 d后南美白对虾死亡率达95%,且发病对虾临床症状与自然病例相似,人工注射感染测得其半数致死量LD50为6.43×103cfu/mL。该菌革兰氏染色阴性,短杆状;对半乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖产气、精氨酸双水解酶,赖氨酸脱酸酶,葡萄糖酸盐的生化反应性与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)(synonym Aeromonas punctata)生化反应结果相同。用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增该菌16S rD NA序列进行测序和生物信息学分析,结果显示:分离菌株与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)相似性达97.7%~100%之间,在系统发育树上聚为同一分支。综合该菌形态学、致病性、生理生化和16S rRNA基因分析结果,将其鉴定为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)。药敏试验结果表明分离菌株对氯霉素、土霉素、丁胺卡那、呋喃唑酮等高度敏感。  相似文献   

水稻淡黄叶突变体安农标810S的发现及初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋克堡  宋泽观 《杂交水稻》2007,22(6):71-73

安农标810S是2003年冬在海南三亚安农810S繁殖田中发现的具有淡黄叶标记性状的自然突变体,2006年8月通过湖南省科技厅技术鉴定。安农标810S性状稳定,全生育期整株叶片均表现淡黄绿色,其它农艺性状、育性和配合力等与安农810S基本一致。其淡黄叶标记性状受1对隐性基因控制,易于转育新的水稻光温敏核不育系,有利于两系杂交水稻制种除杂保纯和杂交种子纯度快速鉴定,对降低两系杂交水稻种子生产中的纯度风险具有重要的育种价值。  相似文献   

新资源光温敏核不育系B06S开花习性的观察   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱昌兰  黄文新  贺浩华  彭小松  付军如 《杂交水稻》2004,19(1):25-27

通过比较观察光温敏核不育系B06S、香125S、培矮64S、595S和恢复系桂99、中辐906的开花习性,发现B06S单穗开花天数短(6.4 d),集中开花时间为抽穗后第1～5天,每日开花时间早(开花高峰在09:00-10:00),颖花张开时间长(5 h左右),张颖角度大(29.5°),柱头外露率高且生命力强,闭颖率和包颈率低,制种易获高产.  相似文献   

基质对马铃薯疮痂病抑制效果研究初报   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9  

白晓东  杜珍  范向斌  王继琴  刘润国 《中国马铃薯》2002,16(6):332-334

通过不同营养基质对马铃薯脱毒微型小薯疮痂病的抑制效果 ,从环境角度研究筛选防治疮痂病的新基质配比 ,首次提出利用工业废渣糠醛防治疮痂病的思路。结果表明 :采用蛭石 4∶火山石 1∶火炉渣 1∶草木灰 1∶糠醛渣 1的新配比基质 ,可有效抑制脱毒微型小薯疮痴病的发生 ,同时增加了基质的营养 ,所生产的微型小薯商品薯率也有明显提高 ,生产成本降低  相似文献   

水稻温敏核不育系810S繁殖技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈世建  陈美才  张振华  严秋平  陈芳  常茉莉 《作物研究》2007,21(4):453-454

总结了温敏核不育水稻810S的主要繁殖途径,即冬季海南繁殖、高海拔低产田繁殖和利用自然"冷水源"繁殖。简述了不同繁殖途径的繁殖技术要点,并对不同繁殖途径的优缺点进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Sesame oleosin and prepro-2S albumin expressed as a fusion polypeptide in transgenic rice were split, processed and separately assembled into oil bodies and protein bodies     

Tiger T.T. Lee  Wei-Ming Leu  Hsueh-Hui Yang  Balance C.M. Chen  Jason T.C. Tzen   《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,44(3):333-341

A recombinant polypeptide containing the precursor protein of a sesame storage protein, 2S albumin, fused to the C-terminus of a sesame oleosin was expressed in transgenic rice seeds under the control of a rice glutelin promoter. The recombinant polypeptide of 32 kDa, equivalent to the resultant molecular mass of sesame oleosin (15 kDa) and prepro-2S albumin (17 kDa), was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum fraction of maturing transgenic rice seeds, but not in the purified oil bodies or the soluble extract of transgenic seeds. However, sesame oleosin presumably fused with a 2 kDa C-terminal appendix originating from the signal sequence of prepro-2S albumin, was found in the purified oil bodies, and mature sesame 2S albumin apparently processed into two subunits (9 and 4 kDa) linked by disulfide bonds was detected in extracts of transgenic seeds. Immunogold labeling revealed that the sesame oleosin and 2S albumin were separately located in oil bodies and protein bodies of embryo cells of transgenic rice seeds. While sesame 2S albumin was also detected in protein bodies of endosperm cells of transgenic seeds, the co-expressed sesame oleosin, probably degraded due to the lack of oil bodies in this tissue, and was not detected. The results provide a new technique for introducing two recombinant polypeptides separately into rice oil bodies and protein bodies from one expression construct.  相似文献