Growth response in lambs injected with a long acting microencapsulated Vitamin B 12     

N.D. Grace  G.R. Sinclair 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):213-214

Nematode parasites have been a major factor limiting sheep production in New Zealand for more than 100 years. Twenty-nine species of nematodes were unintentionally introduced with sheep into New Zealand, but it is principally species of Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus and Cooperia that are associated with production losses and clinical disease.

The seasonal dynamics of nematode infection are the consequence of complex inter-relationships between the sheep, their husbandry and the prevailing climate. The patterns of pasture contamination by nematode eggs and then larvae, and the subsequent levels of infection in ewes and lambs are broadly similar throughout New Zealand. Numbers of infective larvae on pasture build up over summer to a peak in autumn/early winter with, in some years, a spring peak derived from the parturient rise in faecal nematode egg counts (FEC), expressed in eggs per gram of faeces (epg), in lactating ewes. The immune capability of lambs is initially low but increases with the magnitude and duration of exposure to infection. Once significant immunity has developed (usually by 10–12 months of age), sheep are capable of markedly restricting parasite infection, except during times of disease, malnutrition or stress.

For the effective control of nematode parasites, farmers have come to rely almost exclusively on broad-spectrum anthelmintics. However, issues relating to resistance, residues and eco-toxicity increasingly threaten the sustainability of chemotherapy. In order to maintain present levels of parasite control and productivity in the long term, farmers need to integrate management practices aimed at minimising animal exposure to parasites with reduced reliance on anthelmintics.  相似文献   

寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶研究进展     

余志会  方肆云  孙铭飞  戚南山  刘文俊  李娟  胡俊菁  廖申权 《广东农业科学》2023,50(8):163-172

寄生原虫是一类单细胞寄生性原虫,包括利什曼原虫（Leishmania spp.）、锥虫（Trypanosoma spp.）、疟原虫（Plasmodium spp.）、刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）、隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium spp.）和艾美耳球虫（Eimeria spp.）等,可引起严重危害人类与动物健康以及对养殖业造成巨大经济损失的原虫病。寄生虫入侵宿主后的发育和繁殖需要大量的嘌呤核苷酸,相应的嘌呤碱基在嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的催化下生成对 应的嘌呤核苷酸。嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶是一类参与嘌呤核苷酸补救合成的重要代谢酶,广泛存在于寄生原虫中。寄生原虫的嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶主要包括腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶和次黄嘌呤 - 鸟嘌呤 - 黄嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶,两者在寄生原虫中分别催化腺嘌呤核苷酸、次黄嘌呤核苷酸、鸟嘌呤核苷酸和黄嘌呤核苷酸合成,从而参与寄生原虫的多个生化代谢过程,不仅为寄生原虫核酸生物合成等提供前体物质,还为虫体提供通用能量载体。由于寄生原虫的嘌呤补救途径明显区别于宿主的从头合成途径,且嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶是寄生原虫嘌呤补救途径的关键酶,因而近年来寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶成为抗原虫药物候选靶标的研究热点,以寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶为潜在靶标,特异性筛选、设计抑制剂,并开发抗寄生原虫药物取得重要进展。以利什曼原虫、锥虫、疟原虫和弓形虫的嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶为重点,综述寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的基本特征、生物学功能、抑制剂筛选与应用的研究进展,以期为抗寄生原虫药物靶标研究与新型抑制剂筛选提供参考。  相似文献   

Species diversity and acquisition of gastrointestinal parasites in calves aged 0-13 months in periurban livestock production in Mali     

Wymann MN  Bonfoh B  Traore K  Tembely S  Zinsstag J 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(1):67-73

Post-mortem inspections on 51 calves were conducted to investigate acquisition and spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites in young calves in periurban livestock production in Mali. Generalized linear models with herd as a repeated effect were used to test the influence of management, age and season of birth on parasite numbers and diversity. Parasite number and burden increased with age. In the age class 4-13 months animals carried already up to eight different gastrointestinal parasite species. Parasite spectrum found included 11 nematodes, 3 cestodes and 1 protozoan parasite. The most frequent parasite species found were Haemonchus placei (age class 0-1 month: 7%, 1-4 months: 38%, 4-13 months: 69%), Cooperia pectinata (0%, 33% and 44%) and C. punctata (0%, 33% and 38%). Calves born during the rainy season had higher parasite burden and species diversity than calves born during the dry season. Calves kept under modernised management excreted more Strongyloides papillosus eggs than calves kept under traditional management. Calves acquired most of the parasites occurring in adult bovines in West Africa within their first year of life.  相似文献   

野生猕猴和食蟹猴寄生虫的调查与驱虫净化     

张碧莲 《广西农业生物科学》1998,(4)

通过剖检伤、病、死猴共 2 93只 ,检查体内寄生虫 ,说明了野生猕猴和食蟹猴的寄生虫寄生的情况 ,并探讨用复方吡喹酮进行驱虫净化的方法。  相似文献   

南昌地区美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂发生情况的初步分析     

盛金坤  钟玲 《江西植保》1999,(2)

美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyzasativae是近年传入我国的重要害虫。据广东（广州）、云南（昆明）和江西各地采的寄生蜂标本鉴定,主要有潜蝇茧蜂Opiussp．潜蝇凹面姬小蜂Chrysocharispentheus（Walker）,潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphusisaea（Walhar）,港闭口崎姬小＄Oryo～训四dW（ffe而加）,潜绳网坛娇小问m叩o～SP．（种名待定）,异角姬小峰怪m冲M。。（Giradt）和借用黄斑响小峰T～dtAsaSp．（种名待定）,其中除冈岭和异角两种沉小挂外,其他种类在南昌地区也均为豌豆植潜蝇的寄生峰。据南昌地区的调查,豌豆植潜蝇寄生蝶种数约20种,而美洲斑浴…  相似文献   

Lethal concentration of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil for Dolops discoidalis and Argulus sp. (Crustacea: Argulidae)     

Elcimara Cardoso Pereira  Elzamara Castro Oliveira  Elen Monique Oliveira Sousa  Hugo Napoleão Pereira Silva  Lincoln Lima Corrêa  Rosa Helena Veras Mourão  Marcos Tavares-Dias  Lenise Vargas Flores Silva 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(12):1497-1504

This study investigated the acute toxicity (LC_50-24 hr) effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus for adult Argulus sp. and Dolops discoidalis, before and during oviposition. In vitro acute toxicity (LC_50-24 hr) was tested using 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μg/L of C. citratus essential oil, and two control groups (one with cultivation tank water and one with cultivation tank water + alcohol) were used. Specimens of Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis submitted to acute toxicity were evaluated using histological procedures. The major chemical compounds of C. citratus essential oil were geranial (47.5%), neral (35.6%) and myrcene (6.7%). The LC_50-24 hr for Argulus sp. adults was 67.97 μg/L, while for D. discoidalis it was 59.55 µg/L. In the oviposition of both species of argulids, maximum mortality began with treatments of 140 μg/L, while the LC_50-24 hr for Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis was 83.98 μg/L and 82.48 μg/L, respectively. In both argulid species exposed to C. citratus essential oil, morphological alterations were observed only in the eyes, and they occurred in the ommatidium and rhabdomeres and were dependent on the concentration of C. citratus essential oil and the parasite species.  相似文献   

Methacarn preserves mucus integrity and improves visualization of amoebae in gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

Carolina Fernandez  Dario Mascolo  Sean J. Monaghan  Johanna L. Baily  Lynn Chalmers  Giuseppe Paladini  Alexandra Adams  James E. Bron  Sophie Fridman 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(6):883-894

Two aqueous fixation methods (modified Davidson's solution and modified Davidson's solution with 2% (w/v) Alcian blue) were compared against two non‐aqueous fixation methods (methacarn solution and methacarn solution with 2% (w/v) Alcian blue) along with the standard buffered formalin fixation method to (a) improve preservation of the mucous coat on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., gills and (b) to examine the interaction between the amoebae and mucus on the gill during an infection with amoebic gill disease. Aqueous fixatives demonstrated excellent cytological preservation but failed to deliver the preservation of the mucus when compared to the non‐aqueous‐based fixatives; qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis revealed a greater preservation of the gill mucus using the non‐aqueous methacarn solution. A combination of this fixation method and an Alcian blue/Periodic acid–Schiff staining was tested in gills of Atlantic salmon infected with amoebic gill disease; lectin labelling was also used to confirm the mucus preservation in the methacarn‐fixed tissue. Amoebae were observed closely associated with the mucus demonstrating that the techniques employed for preservation of the mucous coat can indeed avoid the loss of potential mucus‐embedded parasites, thus providing a better understanding of the relationship between the mucus and parasite.  相似文献   

Nanoemulsion from essential oil of Pterodon emarginatus (Fabaceae) shows in vitro efficacy against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum (Pisces: Serrasalmidae)          下载免费PDF全文

D S S Valentim  J L Duarte  A E M F M Oliveira  R A S Cruz  J C T Carvalho  E C Conceição  C P Fernandes  M Tavares‐Dias 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(3):443-449

Outbreaks of diseases pose a major threat to sustainable aquaculture development worldwide. Application of herbal products to combat parasitic diseases provides an alternative approach for sustainable aquaculture. This study investigated the in vitro antiparasitic effects of an oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion prepared using the essential oil from Pterodon emarginatus, against monogeneans infesting Colossoma macropomum. Gill arches from C. macropomum (47.6 ± 14.5 g and 13.5 ± 1.4 cm) that were naturally parasitized by Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri were immersed in different dispersions of the P. emarginatus nanoemulsions (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L). The major compounds presented in the essential oil of P. emarginatus were β‐elemene, β‐caryophyllene and α‐humulene. Characterization of these nanoemulsions showed that they have a small mean droplet size and low polydispersity index, which is concordant with stable systems. In this in vitro trial, the P. emarginatus nanoemulsion concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L presented 100% helminthic efficacy against monogeneans of the gills of C. macropomum. The highest two concentrations used (400 and 600 mg/L) were seen to immobilize the parasites after only 15 min. Therefore, it would be worthwhile testing these concentrations in therapeutic baths against monogeneans of C. macropomum.  相似文献   

Sheep helminth parasitic disease in south eastern Scotland arising as a possible consequence of climate change     

F. Kenyon  N.D. Sargison  P.J. Skuce  F. Jackson 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,163(4):293

The climate in the UK is changing, with a trend towards increased rainfall in the autumn and winter and warmer average temperatures throughout the year. There has also been a 4-week extension of the herbage growing season over the past 40 years. These changes may have implications for the epidemiology of sheep helminth parasites. Here, we describe production-limiting disease outbreaks caused by Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus battus, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Fasciola hepatica in sheep flocks in south eastern Scotland. The occurrence and timing of these disease outbreaks could not have been predicted in this region highlighting changes in the epidemiology of helminth infections from the patterns historically described. These cases are used to introduce discussion regarding the potential effects of climate change on the epidemiology of helminth parasites and the implications for sheep farming in the UK.  相似文献   

Scrub-itch mite infestation in the endangered bridled nailtail wallaby   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

JM Old  J Lowry  LJ Young 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(8):338-341

Skin lesions on the ears and inguinal and axillary regions of a number of adult animals within a captive population of the endangered bridled nailtail wallaby ( Onychogalea fraenata ) were associated with the trombiculid mite, Eutrombicula hirsti . The local inflammatory response of these Australian marsupials is described.  相似文献