粮食安全与生态安全双约束下江苏省耕地休耕规模探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩思雨  张路  陈亚杰 《农业工程学报》2021,37(23):247-255

实施耕地休耕是巩固提升粮食产能和促进农业可持续发展的重要举措,亟需科学合理地确定我国可休耕耕地规模,为深入实施"藏粮于地"战略和扩大耕地休耕制度试点提供理论依据。该研究基于粮食安全与生态安全双重约束构建粮食主产区耕地休耕最大规模测算仿真模型,同时提出休耕规模弹性边界的确定方法并以江苏省为实证区域进行仿真预测。结果表明：当前江苏省在兼顾粮食主产区的粮食调配任务且考虑区域耕地资源可持续利用状况的基础上,仍能保有10.16%的耕地资源来支撑耕地休耕制度的实施;仿真期内区域耕地资源面积可能会由于城市快速扩张和耕地保护不力出现大幅减少,并对区域耕地休耕条件环境产生影响;同时耕地资源可持续利用状况和休耕规模适宜程度的恶化导致江苏省休耕规模弹性边界从2017年的9.93%缩减至2036年的4.81%,区域粮食安全稳定状态终将被打破。建议充分利用粮食主产区的耕地资源基础积极有序推广开展耕地休耕工作,深入部署"藏粮于地"战略以巩固提升粮食产能;建立休耕规模与生态安全挂钩的指标预警体系以实现对休耕实施方案的宏观动态调节;统筹休耕与其他耕地保护政策的正向联动,创造耕地保护政策体系内部的正向溢出效应。  相似文献   

表面等离子共振生物传感技术在食品安全快速检测中的应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏二辉  耿国强  赵向阳  李伟  江敏  胡建东 《河南农业大学学报》2007,41(1):113-116

利用表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感技术进行食品的快速检测,具有无需标记、前处理简单、特异性好、灵敏度高以及能实时、连续监测生物分子动态反应过程等特点.详细论述了SPR生物传感技术在食品安全检测中的农药残留、细菌、病毒、重金属和糖类的快速检测的研究进展,并指出了其发展趋势.  相似文献   

面向资源认知变化的耕地评价研究进展与展望     

施釉超  金晓斌  韩博  梁鑫源  王世磊  孙瑞 《中国农业大学学报》2024,29(8):237-250

科学的耕地评价是耕地合理开发、利用、保护的前提,耕地资源认知的深化引领耕地评价研究发展。为明晰耕地评价研究的发展历程、热点动态和未来前景,系统梳理1949—2023年引领耕地资源认知变化的理念、事件和政策,探讨耕地资源认知发展的阶段性特征,借助文献调查、文献计量分析、理论分析等方法,对不同阶段耕地评价研究的主要内容、政策支撑、技术方法与代表成果等进行总结,并提出面向新时期社会发展需求的耕地评价研究展望与关键问题。研究表明：1）耕地资源认知按时间顺序可划分为资源本体、资源平衡体和资源综合体3个阶段,认知对象由耕地数量单一维度向耕地数量与质量、数量-质量-生态、实体耕地与虚拟耕地等多维度转变,研究范围也由宜耕地、耕地等实体资源向近远程耦合框架下的全球虚拟耕地拓展;2）各阶段耕地评价的研究重点围绕耕地数量、耕地质量和耕地综合利用展开。在资源本体阶段,侧重土地开发适宜性评价,关注本底要素宜耕性;在资源平衡体阶段,注重耕地质量提升,对耕地资源的可持续利用潜力进行评价。在资源综合体阶段,评价对象向全球粮食贸易中的虚拟耕地拓展,评价内容关注耕地多功能及功能间权衡与协同关系。因此,未来耕地评价的研究内容需适应新时代发展的现实需求,耕地本体评价需兼顾实体和价值量,耕地质量评价需匹配人类福祉需求,耕地综合评价需考虑多元对象和指标。在评价理论与方法层面应加强学科交叉融合,充分利用新调查监测手段,丰富精细化耕地资源数据,为进一步拓展资源认知、丰富评价范式、优化耕地保护制度等提供支撑。  相似文献   

食品召回策略对信任和购买意愿的影响     

王晓妍  田懿行  陈红华 《中国农业大学学报》2024,(3):301-310

为促进落实我国食品召回制度,有效应对食品安全危机后消费者信任和购买意愿降低的问题,保障企业可持续发展,采用情境模拟实验的方法,基于全国1 053份消费者调查问卷,研究食品召回策略对消费者信任和购买意愿的影响,探究信任违背类型和消费者信任倾向在食品召回策略影响信任之间的作用,并验证信任在食品召回策略与购买意愿之间的中介作用。结果表明：1）食品召回策略对信任和购买意愿具有显著差异影响,主动召回最优,责令召回次之,不召回最差;并且,主动和责令召回对信任修复具有积极作用,而不召回对信任修复没有积极作用;2）信任违背类型在食品召回策略影响信任之间起调节作用。企业违背诚信时,责令和主动召回后的能力信任没有显著差异;企业违背能力时,责令和不召回后的正直信任没有显著差异;3）信任倾向在食品召回策略和信任之间起调节作用。对于高信任倾向的消费者,责令召回后的能力、善意和正直信任显著高于不召回;对于低信任倾向的消费者,责令召回后的善意和正直的信任与不召回后的无显著差异;4）信任在食品召回策略和购买意愿之间起完全中介作用。因此,一旦发生食品安全危机,企业应积极主动实施召回,如果企业消极拖延,有关部门应严格监管...  相似文献   

再论“藏粮于技”战略：内涵辨识、理论支撑与未来取向     

高芸  钟钰 《中国农业大学学报》2024,(3):311-322

“两藏”战略是中国粮食安全的根本之策。为梳理“藏粮于技”概念缘起和内涵,以马克思主义科技观、技术创新与技术变迁理论、制度与技术的关系为理论基础,分析了“藏粮于技”战略的理论逻辑和内涵演变。结果表明：1）“藏粮于技”是中国共产党马克思主义科技观的重要实践,其制度创新与技术创新双向互促特色鲜明。2）“藏”的内涵包括市场和产量调控、完善粮食市场体系和价格形成机制,建立精准、科学合理的粮食调控体系,并解决粮食安全、生态安全、食品安全、农民增收等可持续问题。3）“技”的内容扩展为全要素、全产业链、多学科技术集成和应用,技术扩散呈现多主体交互、反馈,农业技术与数字技术融合发展。本研究从科技自强自立、摆脱路径依赖、内涵式发展道路和创新体系效能4个方面提出对策建议,为进一步明确“藏粮于技”战略未来取向和实现路径提供了决策参考。  相似文献   

EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA     

Solomon Tulu TADESSE  Oene OENEMA  Christy van BEEK  Fikre Lemessa OCHO 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2021,8(1):159-174

• Livestock manure was the main organic waste in urban and peri-urban areas.• Manure production will increase by a factor of 3–10 between 2015–2050.• Only 13%–38% of excreted N by livestock will be recycled in croplands.• Intensification of urban livestock production greatly increased N surpluses.• Reducing population growth and increasing livestock productivity needed.Urban population growth is driving the expansion of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in developing countries. UPA is providing nutritious food to residents but the manures produced by UPA livestock farms and other wastes are not properly recycled. This paper explores the effects of four scenarios: (1) a reference scenario (business as usual), (2) increased urbanization, (3) UPA intensification, and (4) improved technology, on food-protein self-sufficiency, manure nitrogen (N) recycling and balances for four different zones in a small city (Jimma) in Ethiopia during the period 2015-2050. An N mass flow model with data from farm surveys, field experiments and literature was used. A field experiment was conducted and N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values differed among the five types of composts derived from urban livestock manures and kitchen wastes. The N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values were used in the N mass flow model.Livestock manures were the main organic wastes in urban areas, although only 20 to 40% of animal-sourced food consumed was produced in UPA, and only 14 to 19% of protein intake by residents was animal-based. Scenarios indicate that manure production in UPA will increase 3 to 10 times between 2015 and 2050, depending on urbanization and UPA intensification. Only 13 to 38% of manure N will be recycled in croplands. Farm-gate N balances of UPA livestock farms will increase to>1 t·ha⁻¹ in 2050. Doubling livestock productivity and feed protein conversion to animal-sourced food will roughly halve manure N production.Costs of waste recycling were high and indicate the need for government incentives. Results of these senarios are wake-up calls for all stakeholders and indicate alternative pathways.  相似文献   

湖南省麦迪卡药石农业应用效果综述     

李睿  刘军鸽  李元沅  曹树德  陈广文 《湖南农业科学》2007,(6):120-122

湖南省麦迪卡药石(MEDCAL STONE)资源丰富,质量优良,具有富硅、富钾、富微量元素和离子轻稀土的特点,具有很强的吸附性能,可溶出多种有益矿物质,增加水中氧的含量,调节水的pH值,生物活性强,对防治疾病具有重要作用。经过近20 a的研究,农业上应用在作物施肥、药膳食疗等方面,均有极好的社会、经济效益。同时,产地水土、森林、人文资源特好,生态景观优美,不但是天然的无公害农业基地,也是发展休闲农业、旅游农业的"风水宝地"。  相似文献   

The impacts of aquaculture development on food security: lessons from Bangladesh     

Khondker Murshed E‐Jahan  Mahfuzuddin Ahmed  Ben Belton 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(4):481-495

Fish contribute a significant amount of animal protein to the diets of people in Bangladesh, about 63% of which comes from aquatic animals. In Bangladesh, fish is mainly derived from two sources: capture and culture. Aquaculture has shown tremendous growth in the last two decades, exhibiting by about 10% average annual growth in production. Capture fisheries, although still the major source of supply of fish, have become static or are in decline due to over‐fishing and environmental degradation, and it is now believed that aquaculture has the greatest potential to meet the growing demand for fish from the increasing population. At present, aquaculture production accounts for about one‐third of the total fish production in Bangladesh. This paper examines the impact of an aquaculture development project in Bangladesh on food security, with particular emphasis on the poor. The analysis shows a positive impact of aquaculture development on employment, income and consumption. A number of implications for policy in areas that might strengthen these outcomes are discussed and recommendations are presented.  相似文献   

Relationships among condition indices, feeding and growth of walleye in Lake Erie   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. J. HARTMAN  & F. J. MARGRAF 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(2):121-130

Abstract  Condition indices are often used as surrogates of fish health, growth, and feeding and to compare ecological well-being among fish populations. In an effort to identify easily measured indices, growth and food consumption were compared with gonadal-somatic index, liver-somatic index (LSI), fat-somatic index and relative weight ( W _r) for ages 1–3 walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), in Lake Erie from 1986 to 1988. The LSI and W _r were significantly correlated with growth rate or food consumption, but correlations were too small to be considered biologically meaningful. Furthermore, no consistent relationships between condition indices and growth or consumption were found among combinations of fish age and season. None of the indices are considered reliable surrogates for more laborious estimates of growth and food consumption for Lake Erie walleye. Significant relationships between W _r and relative abundance of key prey species warrant further investigation.  相似文献   

逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

宋波澜  林小涛  许忠能 《水产学报》2012,36(1):106-114

在室内条件下［水温(28?1) ℃］,设置0.7 BL/s和2.0 BL/s 2个流速组以及一个静水对照组,研究了不同逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃幼鱼［体质量(75.21?2.82) g］摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响。实验分1~23 d和23~45 d两个阶段,共进行45 d。实验结果表明,多鳞四须鲃平均日摄食率随流速增加而增大,但体长特定生长率、体质量特定生长率和食物转换率均以0.7 BL/s组最高,静水组次之,2.0 BL/s组最低,且三者间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同流速下多鳞四须鲃肌肉水分和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但随流速增大,多鳞四须鲃肌肉中蛋白质含量增加,而脂肪含量却显著下降。在实验末期,2.0 BL/s流速组的氨基酸总含量(82.63%)、必需氨基酸总含量(34.34%)和鲜味氨基酸总含量(33.50%)均显著高于静水对照组(78.27%,32.6%,30.63%)(P<0.05)。研究表明,较低流速(0.7 BL/s)的运动训练明显促进多鳞四须鲃的生长,提高食物转化率和增加肌肉蛋白质含量,高流速(2.0 BL/s)的运动训练不利于生长,但却能显著提高肌肉必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量。  相似文献