绵羊BMP15和GDF9基因多态性与产羔性能间的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈勇  雒秋江  张亚军  朱文渊  杨菊清  李登忠  杨风云 《新疆农业大学学报》2009,32(5):10-17

本研究采用PCR-RFLP和PCR-SSCP技术分别对骨形态发生蛋白15（BMP15）基因FecXG突变和FecXL突变、生长分化因子9（GDF9）基因外显子Ⅰ、外显子Ⅱ部分核苷酸多态性及其与小尾寒羊、中国美利奴（新疆型）绵羊多胎品系、肉用品系、体大品系、萨福克、无角陶赛特、中国美利奴（新疆型）和德国肉用美利奴产羔数间的关系进行了分析,结果发现：（1）利用PCR-RFLP技术分析了小尾寒羊等8个品种BMP15 FecXG突变,在该位点未发现多态性;（2）利用PCR-SSCP技术分析了小尾寒羊等8个品种BMP15 FecXL所在区域的多态性,在BMP15基因存在G1047A转换,但并不引起BMP15氨基酸序列的改变,该突变与FecXL（G962A）不同,是在BMP15中新发现的一个突变。G1047A突变对小尾寒羊等7个品种的平均产羔数无显著影响;（3）在小尾寒羊等8个群体的GDF9外显子Ⅰ均未发现多态性;（4）在小尾寒羊等8个群体中发现存在G4突变,该突变对绵羊平均产羔数均无显著影响。以上结果提示：上述2个基因的4个分析区域不宜用于小尾寒羊等7个品种绵羊多羔性状的分子标记位点。  相似文献   

东北黑土区旱田改稻田后土壤有机碳、全氮的变化特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

贾树海  张佳楠  张玉玲  党秀丽  范庆锋  王展  虞娜  邹洪涛  张玉龙 《中国农业科学》2017,50(7):1252-1262

【目的】分析东北黑土区旱田改稻田后土壤有机碳、全氮含量及其密度和~(13)C、~(15)N自然丰度值的动态变化,探讨旱田改稻田后土壤有机碳(氮)的固定能力及其稳定性,揭示旱田改稻田后土壤有机碳(氮)的演变规律,为东北黑土的合理利用和培肥提供理论依据。【方法】结合野外实地调查,选择典型黑土区旱田土壤(种植大豆年限大于60年)和改种不同年限的稻田土壤(3、5、10、17、20和25年,旱田改稻田前种植历史基本相同,均为大豆),利用稳定同位素分析技术,研究旱田改稻田后土壤有机碳、全氮的动态变化特征。【结果】旱田改稻田25年间,在0—60 cm土层,土壤有机碳和全氮含量的变化趋势均表现为:在改种的前3年迅速下降,降幅分别为13.60%—43.27%和10.40%—40.60%,在3—25年间随改种年限延长呈逐渐增加的趋势,且在20—60 cm土层出现累积,但在3—5年期间增加幅度较大,在5—25年期间增加较为缓慢,在改种17—25年期间,稻田土壤有机碳和全氮含量均高于旱田土壤;0—60 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮密度的变化趋势与其含量的变化趋势大致相同,在改种的3年间0—60 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮密度分别降低了26.53%和21.89%,在改种5—25年间0—60 cm土层稻田土壤有机碳和全氮密度均大于旱田土壤,增幅分别为9.87%—21.48%和10.2%—19.3%;旱田改稻田后,土壤全氮与有机碳的变化密切相关,土壤全氮与有机碳的含量、密度之间均呈显著线性正相关关系(P0.01)。在0—60 cm土层,土壤δ~(13)C值在改种的3年间明显上升,在3—25年间随改种年限延长呈逐渐下降趋势,且大于5年的稻田土壤δ~(13)C值均低于旱田土壤,而土壤δ~(15)N值在改种的25年间随改种年限延长呈逐年下降趋势,各年限稻田土壤δ~(15)N值均低于旱田土壤,相同年限土壤的δ~(13)C值和δ~(15)N值均随着土层加深而增大;0—40 cm土层土壤δ~(13)C值与土壤有机碳含量之间呈显著线性负相关关系(P0.01),但各土层土壤δ~(15)N值与土壤全氮含量之间则无显著相关性。【结论】东北黑土区旱田改稻田大于5年后,稻田土壤具有明显的固碳(氮)能力,稳定性碳(氮)在20—60 cm土层累积;改种稻田年限小于5年,应注重有机碳(氮)的补充,以维持和提高土壤有机碳(氮)水平。  相似文献   

利用膜进样质谱仪测定水稻土几种厌氧氮转化速率   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李进芳  柴延超  陈顺涛  单军  颜晓元 《农业环境科学学报》2019,38(7):1541-1549

为了在同一体系下区分和测定水稻土反硝化、厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)和硝酸根异化还原成铵(DNRA)过程发生速率和相互关系,并获取近似原位情况下的净脱氮速率,本研究通过将~(15)NH_4~+化学氧化法测定DNRA速率和添加尿素模拟原位土柱测定净脱氮速率与膜进样质谱法(MIMS)进行联用,完善了一套基于膜进样质谱法(MIMS)的稻田硝态氮转化测定方法体系,利用该方法测定了5种典型的水稻土[辽宁营口(YK)、江苏宜兴(YX)、浙江金华(JH)、广西桂林(GL)和四川广安(GA)]的反硝化、Anammox、DNRA和净脱氮4种氮转化速率。结果显示:基于MIMS的方法体系可实现对水稻土中反硝化、Anammox、DNRA和净脱氮速率的测定,5种水稻土反硝化、Anammox、DNRA和净脱氮速率范围分别为(358.63±25.37)～(479.96±22.12)、(-14.81±0.22)～(5.29±1.22)、(25.76±12.71)～(109.87±3.88)g N·hm~(-2)·h~(-1)和(33.33±11.16)～(72.74±14.18)g N·hm~(-2)·h~(-1),相关结果与其他方法研究结果具有可比性。相关性分析显示:水稻土NO_3~-、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和土壤Fe~(2+)含量是反硝化过程的主要限制因素;NO_3~-是Anammox的关键限制因素;而土壤DOC和Fe~(2+)含量是DNRA过程的主要限制因素。基于MIMS的方法体系可以在短时间内(1周)测定水稻土四种厌氧氮转化速率,且所需样品量低、精确度高,在稻田或湿地土壤厌氧氮转化过程研究中有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

优质高产抗病中粳新品种泗稻15号的选育及应用     

陈卫军  陈春  赖上坤  王磊 《中国稻米》2016,(6):105-106

泗稻15号系江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所最新选育的中熟中粳新品种,具有综合性状好、后期转色快、抗病性强、米质优等特点,于2016年5月通过江苏省审定。本文介绍了泗稻15号的选育过程、品种特征及高产栽培技术要点。  相似文献   

Kruppel样因子15对脂肪沉积和肌纤维类型的影响及其可能机制     

罗燕柳  黄志清  贾刚  刘光芒  赵华  陈小玲 《动物营养学报》2016,(6):1649-1654

Kruppel样因子15(KLF15)是一种新发现的Kruppel样因子家族(KLFs)成员,为一种真核锌指蛋白转录因子。KLF15在动物体内呈现多组织表达特性,该基因过表达能促进动物脂肪沉积,且能影响肉质性状候选基因和Ⅰ型肌纤维基因的表达。因此,深入研究KLF15对脂肪沉积和肌纤维类型的影响及其可能机制,将为改善动物肉品质提供新的思路。本文综述了KLF15的发现、结构特征、表达规律及其与脂肪沉积和Ⅰ型肌纤维之间的关系。  相似文献   

Excessive nitrogen application decreases grain yield and increases nitrogen loss in a wheat–soil system     

Dong Wang  Zhenzhu Xu  Junye Zhao  Yuefu Wang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(8):681-692

Abstract

Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat fields has led to elevated NO₃-N concentrations in groundwater and reduced N use efficiency. Three-year field and ¹⁵N tracing experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates on N uptake from basal and topdressing ¹⁵N, N use efficiency, and grain yield in winter wheat plants; and determine the dynamics of N derived from both basal and topdressing ¹⁵N in soil in high-yielding fields. The results showed that 69.5–84.5% of N accumulated in wheat plants derived from soil, while 6.0–12.5%and 9.2–18.1% derived from basal ¹⁵N and top ¹⁵N fertilizer, respectively. The basal N fertilizer recovery averaged 33.9% in plants, residual averaged 59.2% in 0–200 cm depth soil; the topdressing N fertilizer recovery averaged 50.5% in plants, residual averaged 48.2% in 0–200 cm soil. More top ¹⁵N was accumulated in plants and more remained in 0–100 cm soil rather than in 100–200 cm soil at maturity, compared with the basal ¹⁵N. However, during the period from pre-sowing to pre-wintering, the soil nitrate moved down to deeper layers, and most accumulated in the layers below 140 cm. With an increase of N fertilizer rate, the proportion of the N derived from soil in plants decreased, but that derived from basal and topdressing fertilizer increased; the proportion of basal and top ¹⁵N recovery in plants decreased, and that of residual in soil increased. A moderate application rate of 96–168 kg N ha^?1 led to increases in nitrate content in 0–60 cm soil layer, N uptake amount, grain yield and apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N in wheat. Applying above 240 kg N ha^?1 promoted the downward movement of basal and top ¹⁵N and soil nitrate, but had no significant effect on N uptake amount; the excessive N application also obviously decreased the grain yield, N uptake efficiency, apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N, physiological efficiency and internal N use efficiency. It is suggested that the appropriate application rate of nitrogen on a high-yielding wheat field was 96–168 kg N ha^?1.  相似文献   

Mineral Composition and Soil-Plant Relationships for Common Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Yellow Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Tree Parts and Fruits     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1960-1979

The mineral compositions of the fruit and tree parts of common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum, were determined. The study occurred during three seasons at six locations in Hawaii to assess guava as feed for livestock. Guava bark contained the greatest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and ash; leaves the greatest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), and manganese (Mn); and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The leaves and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Between guava and waiwi, guava had greater concentrations of most minerals except for Na in all plant parts, and Mg and ash in the leaves. Guava leaves and shoots meet the macromineral requirements for various phases of sheep, goat, and beef cattle life cycles with the exception of P and Na. Guava shoots do not meet Mn requirements for lactating cows.  相似文献   

茄子新品种驻茄15号的选育     

王勇  姜俊  赵红星  李艳  吴雪霞  查丁石 《中国蔬菜》1981,1(9):82-84

驻茄15 号是以自交系P04-11 为母本，以高代自交系驻Q-25 为父本配制而成的中早熟绿茄一代杂种。植株生长势强，果实卵圆形，纵径15.0 cm 左右，横径10.6 cm 左右，平均单果质量0.52 kg，果皮绿色、光亮，肉质硬度中等，商品性好，一般每667 m² 前期产量1 100 kg 左右，总产量5 300 kg 左右，田间对青枯病、绵疫病、黄萎病的抗性强于对照郑研早青茄，适宜河南省及周边省份春、秋设施及露地栽培。  相似文献   

Pea extracellular Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase responsive to signal molecules from a fungal pathogen     

Tomonari Kasai  Tomoko Suzuki  Kozue Ono  Ken'ichi Ogawa  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):265-272

We previously reported that the release of O₂ ⁻ from isolated pea cell walls was enhanced by a 70-kDa glycoprotein elicitor but was suppressed by mucin-type glycopeptide suppressors (supprescins A and B) prepared from pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causal agent of Mycosphaerella blight of pea. Here, we show that superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apoplast fluid/cell wall of pea seedlings responds to the fungal elicitor and suppressor molecules. In a pharmacological study and with internal amino acid sequencing, the apoplastic SOD in a pea cultivar Midoriusui was found to be a Cu/Zn type SOD. We cloned a full-length cDNA of the Cu/Zn-SOD and designated it as PsCu/Zn-SOD1. An increase in PsCu/Zn-SOD1 mRNA and the PsCu/Zn-SOD1 protein was induced by treatment with the elicitor more intensively than by wounding. Such induction by the elicitor or wounding, however, was inhibited by the concomitant presence of supprescins. The SOD activity of recombinant PsCu/Zn-SOD1 was regulated directly by these signal molecules in a manner similar to their effect on the SOD activity in the apoplastic fluid and in the cell wall-bound proteins. Based on these findings, we discuss a role for PsCu/Zn-SOD1 in the pea defense response. The nucleotide sequence data of PsCu/Zn-SOD1 reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB189165.  相似文献   

牛GDF9和BMP15基因遗传变异与双胎性状的关系研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张路培  张小辉  许尚忠  高雪  任红艳  陈金宝 《畜牧兽医学报》2007,38(8):800-805

以生长分化因子9(Growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)基因和骨形态发生蛋白15(Bone morphogenet-ic protein 15,BMP15)基因作为牛双胎性状的候选基因,研究了它们在鲁西牛、秦川牛、南阳牛和中国荷斯坦牛4个品种中的遗传变异,并在鲁西牛群体中研究了其多态位点与双胎性状的关系。结果表明:在鲁西牛中GDF9基因的3′UTR发现缺失突变,而其它3个品种中没有发现该突变。对鲁西牛群体中该多态位点与单、双胎性状之间进行卡方显著性检验表明,单胎牛群体与双胎牛群体基因型分布有极显著的差异(P=0.006),双胎牛群体的B等位基因频率明显大于单胎牛群体。通过生物信息学分析表明,突变体mRNA的二级结构与野生型相比总自由能值差异不大,但突变体mRNA翻译起始位点的二级结构稳定性明显大于野生型。在鲁西牛、南阳牛和秦川牛的BMP15基因中发现编码区第759~762位有GAAA 4个碱基存在缺失突变,但没有检测到突变纯合个体,中国荷斯坦牛中没有检测到该突变。卡方显著性检验表明单胎牛群体和双胎牛群体在该位点基因型组成差异不显著(P=0.947)。  相似文献