产前运动对围产期奶牛生理代谢指标的影响     

江婧  马莉  骆巧  罗正中  沈留红  余树民  陶金忠  曹随忠 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(9):3183-3190

本试验旨在研究产前运动对围产期奶牛生理代谢指标的影响，为围产期奶牛健康管理提供科学指导和理论依据。试验选取年龄相似，体况评分、胎次和预产期相近的经产荷斯坦奶牛24头，随机分为试验组（TRT组）和对照组（CON组），每组12头，统一饲养管理。于预产期前21 d开始，TRT组奶牛每日09：00和16：00以<3 km/h的速度运动1 h，每头奶牛每日总运动量为（4.0±0.2） km/d；CON组自由活动。分别在预产期前21、7 d、分娩当天及产后7、30 d （分别记为－21、－7、0、+7和+30 d），于晨饲前采集血液，测定血浆中非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、β-羟基丁酸（BHBA）、葡萄糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（CHOL）、肌酐（CREA）及尿素（UREA）浓度。结果显示，试验期间，TRT组血浆NEFA、BHBA浓度与CON组相比均呈下降趋势（0.05<P<0.1），－7 d时TRT组NEFA浓度显著低于CON组（P<0.05）；TRT组血浆GLU浓度变化较CON组平稳，在＋30 d极显著高于CON组（P<0.01）；两组血浆TG浓度均在分娩当天急剧下降，产前血浆TG浓度均极显著高于分娩后各时间点（P<0.01），＋30 d时TRT组极显著高于CON组（P<0.01）；血浆UREA、CREA浓度在两组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上，以<3 km/h的速度进行运动（4.0 km/d±0.2 km/d），可有效降低围产期奶牛血浆NEFA和BHBA浓度，缓解能量负平衡（NEB）压力。  相似文献   

Assessment of aeration plug-flow devices used with recirculating aquaculture systems on the growth of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2020

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Dietary sour lemon (Citrus limon) peel essential oil supplementation for reduction of deltamethrin‐induced stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Maryam Amiri Resketi  Sakineh Yeganeh  Khosro Jani Khalili 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2021,52(1):105-123

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary effects of using essential oil from sour lemon peel (Citrus limon) on growth performance, carcass composition, blood and serum parameters, and liver enzymes of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to deltamethrin (DMN) pesticide. Treatments with no lemon peel essential oil (LPEO) and without DMN (control), as well as four treatments with 10% of 96‐h lethal concentration of DMN were prepared with dietary supplementation of LPEO (zero, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg). Trout juveniles (95.12 ± 0.53 g) were randomly allocated to the treatments (each with three replicates). The results showed that dietary LPEO inclusion improved fish growth parameters in the DMN‐containing treatments. The highest fat content was found in zero LPEO treatment with no DMN while it was lowest in DMN treatments containing 400 and 600 mg/kg of LPEO. Carcass protein content was the highest in DMN treatment with 400 mg/kg of LPEO. Blood and serum biochemical parameters showed statistical differences between no LPEO treatment with DMN exposure and those detected in the control fish (p < .05). Overall, the results indicate that dietary inclusion of LPEO at 400 mg/kg level can decrease some negative effects of DMN exposure.  相似文献   

苜蓿黄酮对肉兔生长性能、肉品质和脂质氧化的影响     

汤佩芬  李三要 《中国饲料》2020,(2):43-46

本试验研究了日粮中添加紫花苜蓿黄酮类化合物对生长肉兔生产性能、胴体特性、肉质和脂质氧化的影响。试验选择160只42日龄的杂交肉兔,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只肉兔。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中分别添加0.04%、0.08%和0.12%苜蓿黄酮,试验从断奶(42 d)开展到屠宰(102 d),共60 d。试验结束后,每组随机选择12只肉兔(3只/重复),记录其胴体特征,采集血浆、肝脏和最长肌进行脂质氧化试验。结果发现:日粮添加不同水平的苜蓿黄酮对肉兔末重、日采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。除了0.12%和0.04%苜蓿黄酮组较对照组显著提高了最长肌肉色亮度外(P<0.05),日粮添加不同水平的苜蓿黄酮对屠体分割重量和其他肉质指标的影响均无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮添加苜蓿黄酮显著影响肌肉的硫代巴比妥酸反应物值,表现为显著降低肌肉丙二醛含量(P<0.05),其中0.12%苜蓿黄酮组肌肉丙二醛含量最低。结论:在本试验条件下,在肉兔日粮中添加苜蓿黄酮可以改善肌肉氧化稳定性,对动物生长性能无负面影响,但对肉色亮度参数有轻微影响。  相似文献   

Changes in microbial communities and carbohydrate profiles induced by the mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) in rhizosphere of olive trees (Olea europaea L.)     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

The influence of inoculation of olive trees with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus (G) intraradices, on microbial communities and sugar concentrations, were examined in rhizosphere of olive trees (Olea europaea L.). Analyses of phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids (PLFA and NLFA, respectively) were then used to detect changes in microbial community structure in response to inoculation of plantlets with G. intraradices.Microscopic observations studies revealed that the extraradical mycelium of the fungus showed formation of branched absorbing structures (BAS) in rhizosphere of olive tree. Root colonization with the AM fungi G. intraradices induced significant changes in the bacterial community structure of olive tree rhizosphere compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The largest proportional increase was found for the fatty acid 10Me18:0, which indicated an increase in the number of actinomycetes in mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil, whereas the PLFAs i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, 16:1ω7 and cy17:0 which were used as indicators of bacteria decreased in mycorrhizal treatment compared to non-mycorrhizal control treatment. A highest concentration of glucose and trehalose and a lowest concentration of fructose, galactose, sucrose, raffinose and mannitol were detected in mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil. This mycorrhizal effect on rhizosphere communities may be a consequence of changes in characteristics in the environment close to mycorrhizal roots.  相似文献   

Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin Improved the Growth Performance,Antioxidant Ability and Immune Response of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Fed High-Fat Diet     

Shiwei Xie  Peng Yin  Lixia Tian  Yingying Yu  Yongjian Liu  Jin Niu 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

High-fat diet (HFD) usually induces oxidative stress and astaxanthin is regarded as an excellent anti-oxidant. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability, and immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed HFD. Four diets were formulated: the control diet (10.87% lipid, C), high-fat diet (18.08% lipid, HF), and HF diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg⁻¹ astaxanthin (HFA1 and HFA2, respectively). Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin improved the growth of fish fed HFD, also decreased hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio of fish fed HFD, while having no effect on body fat. Malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity were increased in fish fed HFD, astaxanthin supplementation in HFD decreased the oxidative stress of fish. The supplementation of astaxanthin in HFD also reduced the mRNA levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, BAD, and IL15. These results suggested that dietary astaxanthin supplementation in HFD improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune response of largemouth bass.  相似文献   

饲料亚麻酸含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王成强  徐后国  梁萌青  郑珂珂  柳茜 《动物营养学报》2016,(10):3123-3133

本试验旨在探讨饲料亚麻酸(ALA)含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响,以确定大规格鲈鱼饲料中ALA的适宜含量。通过在基础饲料中添加苏子油,制成ALA含量分别为饲料干重0.06%、0.99%、2.03%、3.18%、4.12%和5.08%的6种等氮等脂的试验饲料。将上述试验饲料投喂初始体重为(207.77±0.64)g的鲈鱼,每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养20尾鱼,养殖周期为12周。结果表明:1)特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)随饲料ALA含量的升高均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且SGR和FE均在2.03%ALA组有最大值,同时2.03%与3.18%ALA组的SGR和FE差异不显著(P0.05);肝体指数(HSI)与脏体指数(VSI)均在5.08%ALA组达到最大值,且显著高于0.06%ALA组(P0.05);存活率(SR)和肥满度(CF)在各组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。2)随着饲料中ALA含量的升高,鱼体粗蛋白质含量表现为逐渐下降的趋势,粗脂肪含量呈现增加趋势,4.12%和5.08%ALA组鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于0.06%ALA组(P0.05),而4.12%和5.08%ALA组鱼体粗脂肪含量则显著高于0.06%、0.99%、2.03%、3.18%ALA组(P0.05);不同组之间鱼体的水分与粗灰分含量无显著差异(P0.05)。3)2.03%ALA组血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与3.18%ALA组无显著差异(P0.05),但显著高于0.06%与5.08%ALA组(P0.05)。2.03%、3.18%ALA组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于0.06%和5.08%ALA组(P0.05);同时,肝脏中MDA含量在2.03%ALA组达到最低,除与3.18%ALA组无显著差异(P0.05)外,显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。4)血清中谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性均在2.03%ALA组最低,且显著低于0.06%与5.08%ALA组(P0.05);血清中甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(CHOL)含量在4.12%ALA组有最大值,且显著高于0.06%ALA组(P0.05);随着饲料中ALA含量的升高,血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量呈先升高后降低趋势,2.03%、3.18%、4.12%ALA组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲料中适宜含量(2.03%~3.18%)的ALA能够促进大规格鲈鱼的生长,提高抗氧化能力与肝脏健康水平;以SGR与FE作为评价指标,经二次曲线回归分析得出体重为207.77~406.94 g的鲈鱼饲料中ALA的适宜含量分别为饲料干重的2.53%和2.72%。  相似文献   

啤酒糟对31～59日龄建昌麻羽肉鸭生产性能、血液生化指标及胃肠道发育的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王彦茹  曾秋凤  张克英  丁雪梅  白世平  罗玉衡  王建萍  玄玥  宿卓薇 《动物营养学报》2016,(3):807-815

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同水平啤酒糟对31~59日龄麻羽肉鸭生产性能、血液生化指标及胃肠道发育的影响。试验选用420只31日龄建昌麻羽肉鸭,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复14只麻鸭,各组分别饲喂啤酒糟水平为0、15%、30%、45%和60%的试验饲粮。饲养至59日龄。结果表明:随饲粮啤酒糟水平的增加,麻鸭59日龄体重、体增重、料重比、第4主翼羽长度均呈线性或二次曲线的变化(P0.05),且60%啤酒糟组麻鸭的生产性能显著低于其他组(P0.05)。血清总蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白的浓度随饲粮啤酒糟水平的增加呈线性降低(P0.05),而谷丙转氨酶与碱性磷酸酶的活性呈线性增加(P0.05)。麻鸭十二指肠容量、相对长度与重量,回肠的容量与相对长度,盲肠的相对重量以及肌胃相对重量随饲粮啤酒糟水平的增加呈线性增加(P0.05)。以麻鸭体增重、料重比和第4主翼羽长度为判别指标,得出饲粮啤酒糟适宜水平分别为17.4%、16.1%和18.94%。以上结果提示,在以可消化氨基酸为基础配制饲粮时,31~59日龄麻鸭饲粮中啤酒糟的适宜水平为15.00%~18.94%,最高水平可达45%。  相似文献   

大肠杆菌内毒素对肉鸡血液及血液生化指标的影响     

吴凌  徐春厚 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》1999,(11):5-6

选用１日龄商品肉鸡，随机分为对照组和试验吉龄开始对试验组肉鸡腹腔注射每只８ｍｇ／ｋｇ大肠杆菌内毒素，以后每周攻毒１次，共攻毒３次。攻毒后７ｄ称重，宰杀和采血。试验结果如下；试验组肉鸡血液学指标表现了一致性的降低的趋势，随着攻毒次数增加未表现递减的变化，与对照组相比，降低不显著。  相似文献   

饲粮能量水平对热应激奶牛营养物质表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响     

闫方权  薛白  达勒措  宋良荣  王立志  卜登攀 《动物营养学报》2015,(1):103-111

为了研究饲粮能量水平对热应激奶牛产奶量、营养物质表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响,本试验采用单因素试验设计,选择25头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为5组,每组5头。各组分别饲喂5种不同能量水平的等氮饲粮,泌乳净能(干物质基础)分别为6.15(组1)、6.36(组2)、6.64(组3)、6.95(组4)和7.36 MJ/kg(组5)。试验期共45 d,预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)提高饲粮能量水平降低了呼吸频率,组4、5极显著低于组1、2(P0.01),与组3差异不显著(P0.05)。2)试牛干物质采食量与饲粮能量水平呈显著的负相关关系(R2=0.983 3,P=0.017),组5显著或极显著低于其他各组(P0.05或P0.01);产奶量最高的组4与最低的组1比较,提高了9.0%,差异极显著(P0.01)。3)除钙、磷和总能外,其他养分表观消化率均以组1最高,组5最低,差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01)。4)组4血清皮质醇浓度显著或极显著低于组1、2、5(P0.05或P0.01),血清内毒素浓度显著或极显著低于其他各组(P0.05或P0.01),血清葡萄糖浓度显著高于组1和5(P0.05);组1、4血清肌酸激酶活性显著或极显著大于组2、3、5(P0.05或P0.01),其中组4与组2、3相比分别提高了32.87%和25.40%;血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性为组1组2组4组3组5。综合考虑饲粮能量水平对奶牛产奶量、营养物质表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响,热应激条件下泌乳奶牛的饲粮适宜泌乳净能水平为6.95 MJ/kg。  相似文献