植物叶发育分子遗传机制的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨会  曾红霞  张娜  任俭  汤谧  李煜华  陈伟  熊建顺  孙玉宏 《长江蔬菜》2019,(18):44-48

植物的叶发育是由复杂的调控网络相互作用而进行调控的。植物叶发育的基本过程可以分为叶原基的起始发育、叶片极性的建立、叶片大小以及叶形的调控,本文主要从以上4个过程对叶发育分子遗传机制进行了阐述。  相似文献   

虾夷扇贝体形性状对软体重和闭壳肌重的影响效果分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

张存善  常亚青  曹学彬  刘小林  王诗欢  徐高蓉  银学祥 《水产学报》2009,33(1):87-94

利用虾夷扇贝表型性状资料,分析性状间的相关关系及其相关程度,建立相应的回归方程,为扇贝的选择育种奠定基础。试验随机抽取126只体形规则的3龄大连獐子岛海区底播增殖的虾夷扇贝,其中雌雄各63只,测定其壳长(X1)、壳高(X2)、壳宽(X3)、活体重(Y)、软体重(Z)和闭壳肌重(W),分别计算相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算了以体形性状为自变量对软体重和闭壳肌重作依变量的通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,定量的分析了体形性状对虾夷扇贝解剖性状的影响。结果表明虾夷扇贝壳长、壳宽、壳高与活体重、软体重和闭壳肌重的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);壳高、壳宽是影响雌性软体重的主要因素,壳长、壳宽是影响雄性软体重的主要因素,而混合组受3个壳尺性状的共同影响;影响虾夷扇贝闭壳肌重的主要因素是壳宽,壳长、壳高的作用不显著;决定系数分析结果与通径分析结果有一致的变化趋势;多元回归分析,剔除不显著因子,建立了壳长、壳高、壳宽对软体重、闭壳肌重的回归方程：1). 雌性 Z= -128.573 +1.355X2 +1.407 X3;W= -8.216 +0.869X3;2). 雄性 Z =138.493+1.082 X1+2.524 X3;W= -11.855 + 0.955 X3;3). 混合 Z = -133.939 +0.606 X1+0.679X2 + 1.709X3;W= -9.525+ 0.896 X3。通过性状间的相关分析对两性状间的关系进行明确的定量,有利于制定合理的多性状选择方案,为虾夷扇贝选育提供理想的测度指标。  相似文献   

池塘和稻田养殖模式对泥鳅营养品质的影响          下载免费PDF全文

蔡丽君  郭全友  马东林  王海华  杨絮  马本贺  黄海潮  郑尧 《渔业科学进展》2022,43(3):196-206

为探究不同养殖模式对台湾泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp.)和泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)营养品质的影响,本研究分析了池塘和稻田养殖模式下,台湾泥鳅和泥鳅的形体性状、营养成分和品质差异,并探讨了这些指标间的相关性。结果显示,台湾泥鳅的肥满度显著高于泥鳅,其中,池塘养殖模式下的台湾泥鳅(P. dabryanus ssp. pond-cultivated, PPOC)肥满度(1.00±0.01)显著高于池塘养殖模式下的泥鳅(M. anguillicaudatus pond-cultivated, MPOC) (0.50±0.01) (P<0.05)。泥鳅的粗蛋白含量显著高于台湾泥鳅(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量显著低于台湾泥鳅(P<0.05),其中,稻田养殖模式下的泥鳅(M. anguillicaudatus paddy-cultivated, MPAC)粗蛋白含量最高,达(21.09±0.57)%。除内聚性外,台湾泥鳅的质构特性显著高于泥鳅(P<0.05);养殖模式对2种泥鳅的形体性状有显著影响,PPOC肥满度显著高于稻田养殖模式下的台湾泥鳅(P. dabryanus ssp. paddy-cultivated, PPAC) (P<0.05),MPOC肥满度显著低于MPAC (P<0.05)。池塘养殖模式下2种泥鳅的致动脉粥样化指数和血栓形成指数显著低于稻田养殖的相同品种(P<0.05),硬度(PPOC)>硬度(PPAC),弹性(MPOC)<弹性(MPAC) (P<0.05),稻田养殖模式的2种泥鳅的谷氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸和甲硫氨酸高于池塘模式的相同品种(TAV>1)。主成分分析结果显示,形体性状与营养品质密切相关,肥满度与体长体高比呈负相关(–0.996),与质构特征、粗脂肪含量呈正相关,与水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量呈负相关。基于肥满度、质构等指标,PPOC最适合作为泥鳅加工原料。  相似文献   

检出虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei)的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)群体的体长和体重关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘雅梅  邱亮  程东远  张庆利  万晓媛  黄倢 《渔业科学进展》2017,38(4):96-103

对采自天津、浙江和山东等养殖场5个凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei)群体的442尾个体进行虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei,EHP)的TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR检测,并测量各群体每尾对虾的生物学体长和体重.引入医学上的劳累尔(Rohrer)体重指数(Ponderal index,PI,W/L3)关系建立对虾体重(W)和体长(L)关系函数.结果显示,4个凡纳滨对虾的EHP阳性群体[平均体长为(5.37±1.19) cm]的体重指数PI平均值为(5.19±0.26)×10-3 g/cm3,EHP阴性群体的凡纳滨对虾群体[平均体长为(2.49±0.21)cm]为(7.96±0.51)×10-3 g/cm3,根据PI=a·L(b-3)的函数矫正EHP阴性和阳性群体的体长差异引起的PI差值后,同等体长EHP阳性群体的PI值为阴性群体的(70.5±8.7)％,表明同样大小的个体,EHP阳性群体的平均体重比阴性群体平均体重低30％;EHP阳性群体中凡纳滨对虾体长和体重的变异系数是EHP阴性群体的(2.39±0.93)和(2.05±0.86)倍,表现为对虾EHP阳性群体个体大小不均匀;EHP阳性群体体重偏差率是EHP阴性群体的2.34-3.45倍,体长相同时,EHP阳性的体重波动变大.  相似文献   

Heritability estimates and response to selection for growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in low-input earthen ponds     

Harrison Charo-Karisa  Hans Komen  Mahmoud A. Rezk  Johan A.M. van Arendonk 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(2):479-486

This study presents results of two generations of selection (G₁ and G₂) for growth of Nile tilapia. The selection environment consisted of earthen ponds which were fertilized daily with 50 kg dry matter (dm)/ha chicken manure. No supplementary feeds were provided. In total, 6429 fully pedigreed experimental fish were included in the analysis. Survival till harvest was highly variable ranging from 35% to 77% and was affected by initial weight, pond, and age effects. Body weight at harvest (BW) increased from a mean of 67.4 g in the grandparental (unselected) population (G₀) to 129.5 g in G₂ was affected by initial weight, pond, sex and age effects. Generations were discrete and therefore genetic parameters were estimated separately for each year. Heritability estimates for BW ranged from 0.38 to 0.60, and the heritability for survival ranged from 0.03 to 0.14. The estimated selection response was 23.4 g (34.7%) between G₀ and G₁ and 13.0 g (14.9%) between G₁ and G₂. These results demonstrate the feasibility of selection for growth of Nile tilapia in low-input environments.  相似文献   

玉米自交系株型和产量性状的关系及其利用研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王雅萍 《玉米科学》2004,12(3):047-049

以15个自交系为材料,按P(P-1)/2双列杂交设计,研究了株型和产量性状的遗传与相关.结果表明,近年育成的自交系,一般配合力有一定的改进,产量性状的一般配合力有明显的提高,各性状的一般配合力在亲本间存在显著差异.产量的一般配合力与单株叶数和穗粗的一般配合力存在极显著正相关。  相似文献   

Effect of soil pore size distribution on plant-available water and least limiting water range as soil physical quality indicators     

Mehdi ZANGIABADI  Manoochehr GORJI  Mehdi SHORAFA  Saeed KHAVARI KHORASANI  Saeed SAADAT 《土壤圈》2020,30(2):253-262

Soil pore size distribution(SPSD) is one of the most important soil physical properties. This research investigated the relationships of location and shape parameters of the SPSD curves with plant-available water(PAW) and least limiting water range(LLWR) of the light-textured soils at the Torogh Agricultural Research Station in north-eastern Iran. Soil moisture release curve(SMRC), PAW and LLWR in matric heads of 100 and 330 h Pa for the field capacity and location and shape parameters of the SPSD curves of 30 soils with different texture and organic carbon contents were determined, and the variable relationships were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the median equivalent pore diameter(de), mean de, standard deviation(SD*), and skewness of the SPSD curves were significantly correlated with PAW(PAW330) and LLWR(LLWR330) measured in a matric head of 330 h Pa. Decrease in deand increase in the diversity of soil pore size(SD*) increased PAW330 and LLWR330. The SD* values of all the soil samples were lower than the optimal ranges suggested in literature. Neither PAW nor LLWR values were significantly different in the soils with the optimal modal deand those with non-optimal modal de. Optimal values of median and mean equivalent pore diameters and kurtosis of SPSD curves led to a significant improvement of PAW330 and LLWR330 as soil physical quality indicators. It was recommended to revise the optimal ranges for SD* and modal defor future studies.  相似文献   

烟草航天诱变突变体叶形遗传分析及基因定位     

周世奇  罗琳  程立锐  潘旭浩  胡海洲  刘杨  尹鹏嘉  张玉  罗成刚 《分子植物育种》2021,19(2):584-590

利用航天诱变方法获得烟草品种NC89的突变体NC89-M,与野生型相比,NC89-M叶形呈宽椭圆,叶面褶皱,叶缘呈锯齿状.为明确烟草航天诱变突变体NC89-M叶形突变机理,挖掘突变体叶形突变基因,利用NC89-M与烟草品系2014-168杂交获得F2群体,对F2群体遗传分析表明突变体叶形性状受1对显性主效基因控制.通过...  相似文献   

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss,Walbaum ) develop a more robust body shape under organic rearing     

Domitilla Pulcini  Tommaso Russo  Paola Reale  Alexia Massa‐Gallucci  Grace Brennan  Stefano Cataudella 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(3):397-409

Prolonged exposure to captive conditions has led to the development of a rainbow trout ‘farmed’ phenotype, which is different from that of wild trout. Selection for desirable productive traits in hatcheries has resulted in the development of some morphological traits that are maladaptive in nature. The recent development of organic aquaculture, guided by the well‐being of the fish, could potentially produce a new farmed phenotype that would be more adaptive in nature. In this study, rainbow trout reared in intensive and organic farms were compared by means of shape analysis, to detect patterns of shape variation associated with rearing environment. The results of this study highlight a significant effect of the rearing method on rainbow trout shape: organically reared trout showed a higher body profile, in particular in the head and trunk regions, shorter median fins and a deeper caudal peduncle. A combined effect of density and habitat complexity could have contributed to the observed shape differences: in organic rearing systems, lower densities and steady water could increase territoriality and aggressive interactions, promoting body designs more functional in rapid attacks and escapes.  相似文献   

The monotony preserving QO‐spline as a taper curve     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):277-283

A monotony preserving quadratic spline interpolating at a given point set can be constructed by the so‐called QO‐algorithm. The quality of QO‐splines, which are taper curves constructed by using this algorithm, is investigated. A comparison was made using the program of McAllister & Roulier which produces a shape preserving taper curve by using quadratic splines, too. Tests done on a representative sample tree material indicate that the QO‐spline is in general a better taper curve than the one produced by the program of McAllister & Roulier even if the difference may be small in certain cases.  相似文献