牛卵巢的保存与卵巢内卵母细胞采集的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

王锋  钱菊汾 《西北农业学报》2003,12(4):12-16

利用屠宰牛的卵巢,研究了卵巢内(Interior Ovary,IO)卵母细胞的回收方法与影响IO卵母细胞回收数量的因素,以及卵巢保存方法对卵母细胞体外受精后卵裂率与体外发育能力的影响.结果表明抽吸采取表面卵泡卵母细胞以后,用间隔1.6 mm的4个刀片平行排列构成的切割刀,纵横切割秦川牛卵泡期卵巢,其卵母细胞回收数量最高.两次回收平均每个卵巢可获得26.45个A、B级可用卵,较单纯抽吸采卵(5.15个)提高了约4倍.刀距增宽或缩小都会降低卵母细胞的回收数量.牛品种不同对IO卵母细胞的回收数量有显著影响,以中国荷斯坦牛最多(34.25个/卵巢),秦川牛次之(21.75个/卵巢),山丹牛最少(8.25个/卵巢).牛繁殖状态不同对IO卵母细胞的回收数量有显著影响,以卵泡期最多(21.75个/卵巢),黄体期和妊娠期次之(分别为11.75、10.75个/卵巢),老龄退化期最少(4.25个/卵巢).回收的IO卵母细胞直径和透明带外径分别达(126.9±9.98) μm和(151.85±10.39) μm,均较表面卵母细胞(分别为136.05±6.09 μm和160.80 μm±4.23 μm)要小的多(P＜0.01).卵巢保存温度25～29℃与30～37℃对IO卵母细胞体外受精后卵裂率与6～8细胞胚发育率无显著影响(P＞0.05),但保存时间则有显著影响,超过6 h会显著降低卵裂率和6～8细胞胚发育率(P＜0.05).  相似文献   

牛TLR4基因生物信息学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

米小梅  李子元  李耀东 《中国奶牛》2021,(4):1-5

为了更加深入地了解牛TLR4基因的功能、结构及与该基因有关联的疾病识别及其致病机理,利用牛TLR4基因的氨基酸序列对其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、蛋白质译后的磷酸化位点和糖基化位点以及跨膜结构域和蛋白质结构进行预测。结果显示,牛TLR4基因一共编码841个氨基酸,负电荷残基总和(Asp+Glu)为84,正电荷残基总和(Arg+Lys)为76,不稳定指数小于40,表明该基因编码产物稳定性较好。在该基因整个编码产物中,亲水氨基酸占比较多,平均分值为-0.011,由此得知TLR4基因编码的蛋白质是一种易溶蛋白。有9个潜在的N-糖基化位点;78个磷酸化位点以及存在一个跨膜蛋白和存在信号肽,其切割位点在第25和第26个氨基酸之间。蛋白质的二、三级结构预测结果显示,二级结构和三级结构均由α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规则卷曲组成,其在生物合成、基因表达与调控等方面有重要作用。本研究结果可为牛TLR4基因深入研究提供理论基础。  相似文献   

An oculo-cerebellar syndrome caused by congenital bovine viral diarrhoea virus-infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H Bielefeldt Ohmann 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1984,25(1):36-49

An epizootic characterized by birth of calves severly ataxic and blind were encountered in 3 herds 7–8 months after outbreaks of bovine virus diarrhoea. Serological and virological investigations indicated introduction of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) into previously virus-free herds, followed by transplacental virus infection of the fetuses of cows in the first trimester. Clinical, pathological, serological, and microbiological examinations were performed on 10 calves. Pathological findings included microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia, ocular malformations, and thymic hypoplasia. BVDV was isolated from tissue and blood of 7 calves, and 4 calves, 1 of which had not received colostrum, had virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.This is the first report on natural occurrence of congenital bovine infection with BVDV among Danish cattle herds resulting in abortion and birth of calves with severe debilitating congenital anomalies. It draws attention to the importance of this virus for bovines of all age groups.  相似文献   

Simulation model of within-herd transmission of bovine tuberculosis in Argentine dairy herds   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Perez AM  Ward MP  Charmandarián A  Ritacco V 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,54(4):254-372

Transmission of bovine tuberculosis was quantified in three dairy herds located in south Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Using estimates of Mycobacterium bovis transmission (β) and a Reed–Frost simulation model, the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the study herds over time was investigated. The Reed–Frost model was modified by incorporating randomness in both β and the incubation period () of M. bovis. The mean estimated herd β was 2.2 infective contacts per year and did not differ significantly between the study herds. Modeling as Poisson distributed (mean 24 months) best fit the observed prevalences. Infection was predicted by the model either to spread quickly (<10 years) within a herd and reach a high prevalence (>50%), or to persist at a low prevalence (<5–10%). The model was robust, predictions were realistic and the mean β estimated was consistent with previous studies of bovine tuberculosis.  相似文献   

Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis by geographic location within Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Milián-Suazo F  Banda-Ruíz V  Ramírez-Casillas C  Arriaga-Díaz C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,55(4):e129-264

The spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) method was used to differentiate 62 Mycobacterium bovis isolates obtained from tissues with macroscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis in dairy cattle from different regions of Mexico. Our purpose was to see if a strain from one region was genetically different from those of other regions (with the long-term aim of doing molecular trace back of isolates obtained in the laboratory). Results from the genetic analysis indicate that M. bovis isolates cannot be grouped by geographic location due to a wide range of genetic types involved in dairy cattle infections. Isolates even from the same herd showed different spoligotypes but some isolates from different region had similar genetic patterns. Genetic typing without epidemiologic information does not seem to be a plausible method to trace back animals to source of origin to detect and eliminate sources of infection.  相似文献   

Natural transplacental infection of dairy calves with bovine immunodeficiency virus and estimation of effect on neonatal health     

Scholl DT  Truax RE  Baptista JM  Ingawa K  Orr KA  O'Reilly KL  Jenny BF 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2000,43(4):207-252

Many experimental infection studies with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) have been conducted, but neither virus transmission under natural conditions nor longitudinal clinical effects of naturally occurring infections in non-experimental populations are well explored. We tested the hypotheses that BIV is transmitted across the placenta during gestation and that intragestionally infected calves are at increased risk of neonatal disease. A cohort of 59 dairy cows on one farm were enrolled at parturition and the BIV serostatus of the cows and their pre-colostral calves determined with an indirect fluorescent-antibody assay. Moreover, the enrolled calves were monitored thrice weekly for specific clinical signs through the duration of the 30 day neonatal period and the occurrence of clinical signs analyzed for association with calf pre-colostral BIV serostatus and dam BIV serostatus. Confounding due to calf passive immunity and season of birth were also explored. Forty percent of seropositive cows (14/35) gave birth to seropositive calves but no seropositive calves (0/19) were born to seronegative dams (estimated relative risk 16, 95% exact confidence interval 2.6–5.8×10²⁹). Calf pre-colostral BIV serostatus was not associated with the occurrence or frequency of clinical signs — but dam BIV serostatus was associated with the odds of occurrence of calf hyperthermia and with the frequency of occurrence of calf hyperthermia and hyperventilatory events. This study is inconclusive about the effects of prenatal BIV infection on neonatal health — but it does provide evidence for the natural occurrence of transplacental BIV infection.  相似文献   

犬冠状病毒基因疫苗表达载体的构建及其免疫原性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乔军  夏咸柱  杨松涛  郝峰  高玉伟  郑晓一  黄耕 《畜牧兽医学报》2006,37(4):412-416

以pVAX1为载体首次构建了犬冠状病毒病基因的3种真核表达质粒。首先将犬冠状病毒大熊猫株（CCVDXMV）纤突蛋白（S）、膜蛋白（M）和核蛋白（N）基因进行了克隆和序列测定。将测序后的质粒pTS、pTM和pTN分别双酶切，回收目的基因片段并将其定向克隆到真核表达质粒pVAX1中得到重组质粒pVAXS、pVAXM和pVAXN。将这3种真核表达质粒通过脂质体介导法转染MDCK细胞，通过RT—PCR法进行转录水平的检测，并用间接ELISA法检测目的蛋白的表达情况。结果在pVAXS、pVAXM、pVAXN转染MDCK细胞36h后就可检测到目的基因的转录；在转染72h后可检测到3种目的蛋白的表达。动物免疫试验表明，3种真核表达载体能有效地诱导机体产生细胞免疫与体液免疫应答，这为CCV基因疫苗的研究奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

鸽源冠状病毒PSH株纤突蛋白基因的遗传变异分析     

钱华冬吴祖立  华修国朱建国 《中国兽医科技》2006,36(3):199-202

对鸽源冠状病毒PSH株纤突蛋白基因进行了RT—PCR扩增、克隆和测序。结果表明，PSH株S基因由3504个核苷酸组成，编码1条由1167个氨基酸残基组成的多肽。S基因编码产物裂解后形成的S1和S2亚单位分别由541和626个氨基酸残基组成。PSH株S蛋白切割识别位点为精氨酸-精氨酸-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-精氨酸（RRFRR），与多数鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）切割识别位点相似（RRF／SRR）。与GenBank中其他冠状病毒毒株S基因的推导氨基酸序列相比较，PSH株与IBV参考毒株的同源性为79．3％～99．6％，而与其他冠状病毒包括火鸡蓝冠病病毒和SARS病毒的同源性均小于37．8％。表明，鸽源冠状病毒PSH株属于第3抗原群冠状病毒，且与IBV亲缘关系较近。  相似文献   

Study on the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with clinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Kulberg  B. Heringstad  O.A. Guttersrud  & I. Olsaker 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2007,124(4):201-207

Genotyping of bovine leucocyte antigen DRB3.2 (BoLA-DRB3.2) in a total of 523 Norwegian Red (NR) cows from two groups selected for high protein yield and low clinical mastitis, respectively, identified 27 previously reported BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles across the groups. Significant differences in BoLA-DRB3.2 allele frequencies were found between the selection groups. Alleles *13, *18, *22 and *27 had a significantly higher frequency in cows selected for low clinical mastitis, while alleles *3, *9, *11 and *26 had a higher frequency in cows selected for high protein yield. Associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and clinical mastitis were analysed based on mastitis data from 741,072 first-lactation NR cows, of which 452 were genotyped. Alleles *22 and *26 were found to be associated with increased clinical mastitis, while alleles *7, *11, *18 and *24 had a favourable effect on mastitis resistance. Contradictory results from different studies investigating associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and mastitis indicate that future studies should focus on associations of mastitis with BoLA haplotypes rather than with single BoLA genes.  相似文献   

牛流行热病的诊疗     

李敏 《畜牧兽医杂志》2006,25(1):53-54

本文通过某公牛站4次流行热病的发病情况、临床症状、预防治疗及笔者的体会,对牛流行热病的预防和治疗提供参考。  相似文献