The utilisation of a high level energy/protein diet for lactating Mediterranean buffaloes: Intake capacity and effects on quanti–qualitative milk parameters     

S. Bartocci  S. Terramoccia  C. Tripaldi 《Livestock Science》2006,99(2-3):211-219

The trial was carried out using 14 multiparous buffaloes divided into two groups according to yield in the previous lactation (2653 vs. 2625 kg), number of lactations (4.8 vs. 4.1), live weight (670.6 vs. 657.1 kg), days post-calving (21.6 vs. 23.6 days) and average yield at the on-set of the trial (11.18 vs. 10.90 kg/day). The effects of both feed intake and the quanti–qualitative parameters of the milk yield were evaluated following the ad libitum administration of two diets containing two different forage/concentrate ratios, diet 1 = 48 : 52 (0.94 Milk FU/kg DM, 158.3 g/kg DM of crude protein); diet 2 = 55 : 45 (0.85 Milk FU/kg DM, 144.4 g/kg DM of crude protein). The trial lasted for 114 days, on average from day 23 to 137 of lactation. The dry matter intake for diet 1 was 16.37 kg/day, for diet 2 it was 16.53 kg/day. No significant differences were found with live weight of the animals; however, the buffaloes in group 1 showed gains of 35.0 kg compared to 54.2 kg of those in group 2. A significant difference (P < 0.05) in milk yield favouring group 1 (11.66 vs. 9.42 kg/day) was observed while fat (73.20 vs. 80.08 g/kg) and protein content (43.24 vs. 46.41 g/kg) was higher for group 2. Coagulation data indicated that the milk yield of group 2 showed better coagulation properties (r = 18.35 min, K₂₀ = 3.88 min, A₃₀ = 47.00 mm), than group 1.  相似文献   

德宏水牛产业化开发存在问题及发展措施     

李瑞生 《中国牛业科学》2005,31(5):31-33

本文通过对德宏水牛业发展的现状,存在问题和发展思路等各方面进行分析,论证,提出加快德宏水牛产业化发展思路与对策。  相似文献   

Why are simple control options for Toxocara vitulorum not being implemented by cattle and buffalo smallholder farmers in South-East Asia?     

Luzia Rast  Jenny-Ann L.M.L. Toribio  Navneet K. Dhand  Syseng Khounsy  Peter A. Windsor 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Toxocara vitulorum infection in large ruminants is endemic in many tropical countries and particularly in South-East Asia. A single treatment of calves with pyrantel at 14–21 days of age effectively controls the parasite. Despite this treatment being readily available, T. vitulorum infection remains common and widespread. To understand drivers of effective control of T. vitulorum infection, we examined treatment practices and knowledge of smallholder farmers of this parasite plus determined annual calf morbidity and mortality and identified potential risk factors for these estimates. Interviews were conducted with 273 smallholder farmers who had calves tested for T. vitulorum 4–6 months earlier. Reproductive rates of 0.6 and 0.4 calf per annum in cattle and buffalo respectively, and annual calf morbidity and mortality of 42.6% (CI 0.38–0.47) and 37.3% (CI 0.33–0.42) respectively, were identified. Interviewed farmers had either none (80.6%) or only minimal (19.4%) knowledge about T. vitulorum and only 2.5% of the farmers treated their calves for T. vitulorum using the recommended control regime. Multivariable logistic regression analyses with random effects showed that the number of adult cattle per household, T. vitulorum infection status of the household herd and farmer knowledge of T. vitulorum were significantly associated with calf morbidity and mortality. Financial analysis using partial budgeting showed a net benefit of USD 3.69, 7.46, 11.09 or 14.86 per calf when treating calves with pyrantel and attributing 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of morbidity and mortality to T. vitulorum infection. The study identified that poor reproduction, high calf morbidity and mortality combined with very limited farmer knowledge and effective control of endemic Toxocariasis, contribute to suboptimal large ruminant production in mixed smallholder farming systems in South-East Asia. The large net benefit per calf achievable by a single pyrantel treatment should drive implementation of this intervention by smallholder farmers, especially as demand for livestock products continues to increase in this region and forces a change to more production oriented farming. To support this, continued capacity building that ensures knowledge transfer of best practice T. vitulorum control to smallholder farmers is required.  相似文献   

水牛朊蛋白成熟片段基因的克隆与原核表达   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

袁志栋  王志亮  刘雨田  吴晓东  赵永刚  刘海生 《中国农业科学》2006,39(12):2590-2596

【目的】克隆、分析水牛朊蛋白（prion protein，PrP）成熟片段基因，并获取纯化的表达产物。【方法】将应用PCR技术扩增的水牛成熟PrP的核酸序列克隆到表达载体pET-32a，并分析其序列；把阳性克隆质粒pET-32a-BPrP转化表达菌BL21(DE3)，鉴定纯化的表达产物。【结果】水牛朊蛋白成熟片段核酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列与已知其他牛科动物的成熟PrP核酸、氨基酸序列间的相似性分别在97.1%和97.2%以上，并且发现水牛成熟PrP有5个重复序列，编码的氨基酸序列其中有2个九肽和3个八肽重复序列。具有较高的表达水平的PrP融合蛋白被纯化后，用Western印迹实验证明该蛋白具有PrP抗原活性。【结论】首次报道了克隆、分析水牛朊蛋白成熟片段基因，发现水牛成熟PrP有5个重复序列，并获得了具PrP抗原活性的水牛成熟PrP融合蛋白。  相似文献   

水牛腔前卵泡体外培养效果影响因素的研究     

冯贵雪  杨素芳  潘红平  卞桂华  石德顺 《中国农业科学》2007,40(11):2607-2614

 【目的】主要探讨水牛腔前卵泡体外培养的影响因素。【方法】采用梳刮法从沼泽型水牛的卵巢中回收得到腔前卵泡，而后用McCoy's5a培养液在96孔培养板中体外培养5～10 d，在显微镜下观测腔前卵泡的形态与增长情况，并用台盼蓝染色鉴定腔前卵泡的存活情况。【结果】在培养液中添加100 µg•L-1的FSH能显著提高腔前卵泡培养5和10 d后的增长幅度，当同时添加50 mg•L-1的维生素C时增长幅度进一步加强；添加50 mg•L-1的维生素C能提高腔前卵泡培养10 d后的形态正常率，但对卵泡增长及存活没有影响；添加50 µg•L-1的EGF能提高腔前卵泡培养5 d的增长幅度，但对培养10 d后腔前卵泡的作用不显著。随着卵泡的直径增加，体外存活率升高，增长的幅度上升，异常率下降。60～100 µm的腔前卵泡用三维培养法（琼脂糖包埋）体外培养10 d的直径增长幅度显著高于二维培养法（琼脂糖铺底）和普通培养法，且形态异常显著低于二维培养法和普通培养法；100～140 µm卵泡用二维培养法培养的增长幅度最大，培养成活率最高。【结论】FSH能促进水牛卵泡的体外增长，维生素C能维持卵泡的正常形态结构，且两者的协同作用显著；水牛卵泡体外发育能力随其体积的增大而增强；三维培养法适宜于培养60～100 µm的卵泡，而二维培养法有利于100～140 µm卵泡的体外发育。  相似文献   

Ruminal dynamics of ad libitum feeding in buffalo bulls receiving different level of rumen degradable protein     

A. Javaid  M. Aasif ShahzadM. Nisa  M. Sarwar 《Livestock Science》2011,135(1):98-102

Four ruminally cannulated Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls were used in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design to determine the influence of varying level of ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal characteristics, digestibility, blood pH, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and nitrogen (N) balance. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated. The C diet contained 50% RDP while medium, high and very high RDP diets had 66, 82 and 100% RDP of the total crude protein (CP) and were denoted as MRDP, HRDP and VHRDP, respectively. The bulls were fed ad libitum. Nutrients intake decreased linearly with increasing the RDP proportion of total dietary CP. A quadratic effect of RDP on ruminal pH was noticed with increasing level of RDP with quadratic maxima at 66% RDP diet. Increasing level of dietary RDP also had a quadratic effect on total bacterial and protozoal count with maximum microbial count at 82% RDP diet. Increasing dietary RDP resulted in linear increase in DM digestibility. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibility was decreased linearly with increasing the level of dietary RDP. A linear increase in ruminal NH₃–N and BUN was noticed due to increasing level of dietary RDP. Higher positive N balance was noticed in bulls fed C diet compared to those fed MRDP, HRDP and VHRDP diets. The findings of this study indicated that buffalo bulls can effectively utilize 13.12% RDP of DM without any adverse effect on rumen and blood parameters.  相似文献   

寄生于中国水牛Bubalus　Vbubalis的巴贝斯虫一新种(梨形虫目:巴贝斯科)     

刘钟灵  赵俊龙  马丽华  姚宝安 《畜牧兽医学报》1997,(1)

经作者等深入研究，发现湖北省水牛巴贝斯虫病病原不是牛巴贝斯虫Ｂａｂｅｓｉａｂｏｖｉｓ与双芽巴贝斯虫Ｂ．ｂｉｇｅｍｉｎａ，而是一新种——东方巴贝斯虫Ｂａｂｅｓｉａｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。病牛红细胞中的虫体呈梨形（单梨形多于双梨形）、椭圆形、指环形、边虫形及杆状。以梨形虫体居多，病的初期其长度均小于红细胞半径，其平均大小为２．２×１．３μｍ，双梨形虫体尖端相连多排列成钝角或一字形，位于红细胞偏中央处。病的后期（出现虫血症后５～６ｄ）及体外培养７２ｈ，有少部份（１～２％）虫体直径大于红细胞半径。新种的传播者为镰形扇头蜱Ｒｈｉｐｉｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓ经卵传递（由第二代成蜱传给健康牛）。在成蜱的血淋巴中的虫样体（裂殖子）呈圆锥状、一端钝圆、尾部直而尖，不形成钩。新种对黄牛不能感染致病，只能使水牛致病。以１９９培养基加黄牛血清进行体外培养（微气静相培养技术）不能生长繁殖  相似文献   

水牛成熟前后卵泡液的多肽组鉴定和分析     

付强  ;潘洪丽  ;廖碧云  ;官俊良  ;张明  ;卢克焕 《广西农业生物科学》2014,(3):525-532

卵泡液为雌性配子的成熟和发育提供生长微环境,在不同卵泡发育时期,卵泡液中的蛋白质成分会产生变化,这些变化与卵泡发育、排卵和卵母细胞成熟有直接关系。本研究对水牛卵泡液开展多肽组学分析,采用超滤方法富集内源性多肽,建立了稳定的多肽组制备方法。使用MALDI-TOF飞行时间质谱仪采集多肽信号,共采集到297个质谱峰,鉴定得到43个多肽或蛋白质前体,95%的多肽分子量在15kD以下。其中成熟卵泡液鉴定得到36种,未成熟卵泡液中鉴定得到24种,两者均能鉴定得到17种。经生物信息学分析,在鉴定得到的多肽中,共参与细胞因子受体相互作用、细胞周期和生长激素信号传导等7个调控代谢通路。本实验的多肽组学研究为卵泡发育机理提供了新的研究方法和参考数据。  相似文献   

德宏水牛和摩拉×德宏杂种水牛血清生化指标的测定     

贺珠婷  王绍卿  张永云  张颖  樊月圆  霍金龙  苗永旺  李卫真 《中国奶牛》2013,(13)

本试验对德宏水牛和摩拉×德宏杂种水牛(简称摩杂水牛)的血清总蛋白、总脂含量及GOT、GPT、LDH、γ-GT4种酶的活性进行测定.结果表明,德宏水牛血清总蛋白含量高于摩杂水牛,差异显著(P＜0.05);血清总脂含量、GPT和y-GT活性略高于摩杂水牛,差异不显著(P＞0.05);GOT活性高于摩杂水牛,差异极显著(P＜0.01);LDH活性高于摩杂水牛,差异显著(P＜0.05).  相似文献   

水牛胚胎附植过程中瘦素及其受体在子宫内膜中的表达     

朱云干  夏剑  卞桂华 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(4):1553-1554

[目的]探讨瘦素及其受体ob-Rb在水牛子宫内膜中的表达规律及其对水牛胚胎附植的影响。[方法]母水牛经孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)超排后与公牛交配,分别在交配后第0、5、7、9和15天各屠宰10头水牛,分别取胚胎附植部位的子宫组织,提取瘦素及其受体总RNA。利用RT-PCR方法检测不同时期瘦素mRNA及其受体表达情况。[结果]瘦素在胚胎附植过程中在水牛子宫内膜都有表达,各时期的表达水平差异不明显(P>0.05),Ob-Rb在胚胎附植过程中亦有表达,但是交配后第7、9和15天的表达水平与0和5天差异显著(P<0.05),并且在妊娠期0～7天内表达水平上升,7天达到峰值,然后下降。[结论]瘦素及其受体Ob-Rb可能不仅参与胚胎的附植,而且也可能参与附植后胚胎的生长发育。  相似文献