Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Stress Environment     

M. S. Akhtar  Y. Oki  T. Adachi 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(5):380-392

Plants display an array of classical strategies to maximize phosphate (Pi) acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources. Acclimation to Pi-stress via elegant Pi-starvation induced (PSI) adjustments would reduce our current overreliance on expensive, polluting and non-renewable Pi-fertilizers. Nevertheless, differences in the ability of various species to solubilize sparingly soluble P-sources have been often evidenced; inter-cultivar variations are scarcely documented. Brassica is known as an effective, non-mycorrhizal user of sparingly soluble P-sources. Various growth parameters and biomass accumulation by genetically diverse Brassica cultivars were determined in four experiments using hydroponics and quartz sand culture media. Role of PSI root mediated pH changes, organic anions (OAs) exudation and altered root architecture in mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-forms [Jordan rock-P (RP) at 2 g l⁻¹ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (TCP) at 0.2 g l⁻¹ respectively] was investigated. Cultivars showed considerable genetic variations in biomass accumulation, various growth parameters and root–shoot ratio. Concentration and total uptake of P, specific absorption rate of P, P-transport rate and P-utilization efficiency (PUE) were also significantly (P < 0.001) different for various cultivars and their dry matter was significantly correlated with P-uptake [r = 0.94** (significant at 1% level)]. P-tolerant cultivars showed substantial decrease in solution media pH because of H⁺ efflux and exuded more carboxylates than low P-sensitive cultivars under P-starvation. P-uptake by cultivars increased linearly with decreasing pH. The amount and types of OAs exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient environment. In split pot study, with TCP and RP supplied spatially separated from other nutrients, efficient cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently than inefficient cultivars. In rhizobox study, the elongation rates of primary roots decreased but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots and the length of lateral roots increased under P-starvation. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in accessing, mobilization, acquisition and utilization of Pi from sparingly soluble P forms. An arrange marriage of plant traits can explain cultivar’s access to different forms of sparingly soluble P, and in addition to altered lateral root topology and enhanced P-uptake and PUE, enhanced H⁺ efflux and OAs exudation are key factors in Pi scavenging from extra cellular sparingly soluble P-forms.  相似文献   

The Nutritive Value and Yield of Alfalfa Cultivated on Sulphur Postmining Lands     

T. R. Pucek  J. B. Py&#; 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,182(3):185-192

The study was carried out on the reclaimed lands of a bore-hole sulphur mine. The cropping of two succeeding cuts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was determined and its chemical composition was analyzed. Alfalfa was cultivated on waste lime (flotation tailings), enriched with a humus layer. The levels of basic nutrients, total S, total F, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe and Mn were determined in alfalfa. The biomass of an average crop was 6830 kg  ha^–1 in the first cut and 14300 kg  ha^–1 in the second one. The yields of dry matter as well as of crude and true proteins were positively correlated with the phosphorus level in the dry matter of alfalfa (P < 0.01). The level of total sulphur was positively linearly correlated with the phosphorus content (P < 0.01). No harmful accumulation of sulphur or fluoride was observed. A deficiency of phosphorus in alfalfa and an abnormal Ca:P weight ratio was found. The S total level was positively correlated with N total concentration. (P < 0.01). The percentage of true protein in crude protein was negatively correlated with total sulphur (P < 0.01). The level of nonprotein nitrogen compounds was positively correlated with S total level (P < 0.01).  相似文献   

A free-choice intake of mineral blocks in beef cows during the grazing season and in winter     

G. Chldek  D. Zapletal 《Livestock Science》2007,106(1):41-46

A herd of 25 beef cows were offered four types of mineral blocks (A, B, C, D) with a different Ca to P ratio (A 0.6:1, B 0.8:1, C 2:1 and D 3.6:1). The Mg content was identical in all blocks whereas the Na content was equal in B, C and D, while the Na content in A block was double. The mineral block intake was monitored for 1 year, which was broken down to the grazing period (Pa) and the winter period (Wi). The intake of pasture grass and winter forage was assessed and the feed chemical composition was analysed; based on the obtained values, a macroelement balance (for Ca, P, Mg, Na and K) was calculated.The results showed the forage diet met requirements for all the observed macroelements (except in Na). The macroelement intake from forage was considerably higher than from mineral blocks. There were significant seasonal (Pa versus Wi) differences in B and C blocks intake. The consumption of D block was relatively invariable all year round; block A was refused in both seasons though it contained the highest amount of highly deficient Na.It can be concluded that mineral content in forage meets beef cattle requirements for Ca, Mg and K, P content is just satisfactory, and Na content is insufficient. It appears that cows control, to some extent, the Ca to P ratio in their diet by choosing the appropriate type of mineral block. However, the preference or refusal of some types of mineral blocks regardless of the season suggests the influence of other factors affecting mineral block intake which were not the subject of our observation.  相似文献   

PLCγ1基因对绵羊早期胚胎体外发育的影响     

吴晓雪  袁利明  刘欣杰  刘素平  陈宁  赛务加甫 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(8):2578-2585

旨在探究磷脂酶Cγ1（phospholipase Cgamma 1,PLCγ1）基因对绵羊早期胚胎体外发育的影响,为揭示PLCγ1基因在早期胚胎发育过程中的作用机制奠定基础。本研究选取包裹3层以上颗粒细胞的绵羊卵母细胞为试验材料,体外培养成熟后将其分为两组,利用显微注射技术将PLCγ1基因导入MⅡ期（减数第二次分裂中期）卵母细胞（n=127）中为试验组,以显微注射空载体pcDNA3.1-EGFP作为对照组（n=120）,经48 h后统计其卵裂率;并利用Ca²⁺探针Rhod 2-AM监测MⅡ卵母细胞和显微注射后16、48、72、96、120 h时各时期卵母细胞以及早期胚胎内Ca²⁺波动。结果显示,PLCγ1基因显微注射后卵母细胞被激活,卵裂率为（（19.67±0.2）%,P<0.01）,桑椹胚发育率为（（9.00±0.17）%,P<0.05）;PLCγ1基因注射后,卵母细胞和早期胚胎不同发育时期有Ca²⁺浓度变化,可观察发现Ca²⁺主要分布在胞质中且注射48 h时可达到峰值（P<0.01）。结果表明,PLCγ1基因可以引起绵羊卵母细胞发育过程中发生Ca²⁺振荡,启动其卵裂,并促使早期胚胎的继续发育。  相似文献   

不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分表观消化率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭文文  杨维仁  郭宝林  张亮  魏茂莲  王德海  赵丽芳 《动物营养学报》2015,(3):893-901

本试验旨在研究不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分消化率的影响。试验选择遗传背景一致、2~3胎次(预产期前28 d)、体重为(221.91±7.41)kg、预产期相近的健康"长×大"二元杂交母猪36头,按照胎次、预产期均衡原则随机分为9个组,每个组4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(钙、磷水平分别为7.26、5.81 g/kg);组2为基础饲粮添加植酸酶;组3~5保持钙水平(7.26 g/kg)不变添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%[钙磷比为(1.35~1.63)∶1.00];组6~9保持钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%、0。结果表明:1)正常磷水平下,添加植酸酶显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物和磷的表观消化率(P0.05),极显著降低了粪中磷的排泄量(P0.01),有降低铜、锌排泄量的趋势(P0.10)。与对照相比,低磷水平添加植酸酶极显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率(P0.01),显著降低了粪中磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的排泄量(P0.05)。2)饲粮在保持钙水平不变或钙磷比不变的条件下添加植酸酶,随磷添加量的降低,干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率均呈线性或二次升高(P0.05),粪中磷、铁、铜、锌的排泄量呈线性或二次降低(P0.01),保持钙磷比不变,钙、粗蛋白质的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05)。3)以表观可消化磷为标准,饲粮保持钙水平不变和钙磷比不变添加植酸酶可分别替代0.91、1.27 g/kg的无机磷,减少24.70%、34.48%的粪磷排泄量。4)钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)组饲粮的养分表观消化率极显著高于钙水平不变[高钙磷比(1.35~1.63)∶1.00]组饲粮(P0.01),且粪矿物质的排泄量极显著减少(P0.01)。综上所述:1)在本研究条件下,在低无机磷、低钙磷比(1.25∶1.00)饲粮中,添加植酸酶提高养分消化率的效果更显著。2)以表观可消化磷为标准,母猪饲粮的钙磷比为1.25∶1.00时,添加植酸酶可减少1.27 g/kg的磷添加。  相似文献   

盐胁迫下外源Ca~(2+)对红豆草幼苗抗性生理的影响     

魏永鹏  陈天祥  南丽丽  于闯 《草原与草坪》2015,(1):15-19

以蒙农红豆草为材料,研究了100mmol/L NaCl胁迫下不同浓度外源Ca2+对红豆草幼苗的生长、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量及根系活力的影响;探讨了Ca2+对盐胁迫伤害的缓解作用。结果表明:随着Ca2+浓度的增加,与CK相比,红豆草脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量及根系活力呈先升高后降低的明显变化趋势,在T3(100mmol/L NaCl+30mmol/L CaCl2)处理下,红豆草脯氨酸、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量与对照相比提高了32.3%,60.0%和9.7%,差异显著(P0.05);T3、T4处理的根系活力显著高于CK(P0.05),其他处理与CK无明显差异;T3处理的株高显著高于对照CK(P0.05),其他处理与CK间无显著差异,达到最佳的效果。  相似文献   

不同Ca2+浓度对蒲公英和橡胶草种子萌发及根系生长的影响     

严青青  邢涛  王莉  张龑  高强  徐麟  王永刚 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(5):1128-1134

【目的】研究黄蒲蒲公英和科根橡胶草2个品系种子萌发和根系生长对不同Ca²⁺浓度的响应,分析其种子及根部对Ca²⁺的响应特征。【方法】以新疆当地黄蒲蒲公英、科根橡胶草为材料,2020年设置室内试验。设0(CK)、0.04、0.08、0.12、0.16 mol/L 5个Ca²⁺浓度处理。【结果】与CK相比,0.04 mol/L Ca²⁺处理未显著影响黄蒲蒲公英和科根橡胶草的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数,其余Ca²⁺处理下的种子萌发参数均随着浓度增加呈降低趋势。根系参数与种子萌发参数表现一致,根系总长度、表面积、体积均随着Ca²⁺浓度的增加逐渐降低,科根橡胶草的细根长度(直径(d)<0.5 mm)在0.04、0.08 mol/L Ca²⁺浓度处理下大于黄蒲蒲公英。【结论】黄蒲蒲公英和科根橡胶草在不同的Ca²⁺浓度处理下的根系生长适应性不同。尤其在0.04、0.08 mol/L Ca²⁺浓度处理下科根橡胶草细根长度要大于黄蒲蒲公英,发芽率也要大于黄蒲蒲公英。  相似文献   

钙碱浓度对磺酸盐共聚物稳定Zn2＋性能的影响研究     

胡艳华  冯婕  郦和生 《绿色科技》2014,(3):265-267

通过静态容量瓶法研究了不同钙碱水质条件下,磺酸盐共聚物对Zn2＋的稳定性及Zn2＋、Ca2-和碱度之间的关系。结果发现：钙碱浓度的变化对磺酸盐共聚物稳定Zn2＋的性能影响较大,Ca2＋浓度为600～800mg／L是磺酸盐共聚物对Zn2＋稳定性的拐点,Ca2＋浓度低于600mg／L时,磺酸盐共聚物对Zn2＋稳定性较好,此时碱度为主要影响因素,应重点控制水中的碱度;Ca2-浓度高于800mg／L时,磺酸盐共聚物对Zn2＋稳定性较差,应该开发高钙条件下专用的稳锌聚合物。  相似文献   

基于卤水的养殖用水中Ca2+/Mg2+对凡纳滨对虾生长及体内SOD和AKP的影响     

刘存歧  刘丽静  张亚娟  王军霞 《水产科学》2007,26(2):67-69

淡水稀释取自盐场的卤水,调节Ca2 、Mg2 的质量浓度和比例,设置系列梯度,进行凡纳滨对虾的养殖试验,测定生长比速及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的酶活性。试验表明,过高或过低的Ca2 质量浓度都会影响凡纳滨对虾的存活和生长,在Ca2 质量浓度为320 mg/L,Ca2 /Mg2 为1∶2.5时,其存活与生长最佳;同时SOD和AKP酶活性也最高。酶活性可以指示凡纳滨对虾的生长状况。  相似文献   

水体中Ca2+、Mg2+、K+对南美白对虾淡化苗生存的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

仲霞铭  刘培廷  孙国铭 《水产养殖》2003,24(4):36-37,46

通过南美白对虾淡化苗在放养水体不同Ca^2 、Mg^2 、K^ 浓度下成活率的试验，初步阐明了水质因子对淡化苗成活率的影响，提出了淡化苗在投放淡水养殖中水质调配的要求，以保证放苗的成活率。  相似文献