Potent Skin Cancer Chemopreventing Activity of Some Novel Semi-synthetic Cembranoids from Marine Sources     

Hesham Fahmy  Jordan K. Zjawiony  Takao Konoshima  Harukuni Tokuda  Shabana Khan  Sherief Khalifa 《Marine drugs》2006,4(2):28-36

In the course of our continuing research in development and evaluation of novel skin cancer chemopreventive agents from marine sources, five semi-synthetic cembranoids derived from the marine natural product sarcophine, isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum, were synthesized and shown to exhibit a remarkable chemopreventive activity in the in-vitro Epstein Barr Virus Early Antigen (EBV-EA) activation assay. These compounds were assayed in vivo using the two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter by topical administration. They showed potent inhibition of both percentage incidence of skin tumor as well as the multiplicity of skin tumors per mouse compared to untreated controls.  相似文献   

Anticancer Activities of Plant Secondary Metabolites: Rice Callus Suspension Culture as a New Paradigm     

Wusirika Ramakrishna  Anuradha Kumari  Nafeesa Rahman  Pallavi Mandave 《水稻科学》2021,28(1):13-30

Plant natural products including alkaloids,polyphenols,terpenoids and flavonoids have been reported to exert anticancer activity by targeting various metabolic pathways.The biological pathways regulated by plant products can serve as novel drug targets.Plant natural compounds or their derivatives used for cancer treatment and some novel plant-based compounds which are used in clinical trials were discussed.Callus suspension culture with secondary metabolites can provide a continuous source of plant pharmaceuticals without time and space limitations.Previous research has shown that rice callus suspension culture can kill>95%cancer cells with no significant effect on the growth of normal cells.The role of candidate genes and metabolites which are likely to be involved in the process and their potential to serve as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents were discussed.Large scale production of plant callus suspension culture and its constituents can be achieved using elicitors which enhance specific secondary metabolites combined with bioprocess technology.  相似文献   

牛初乳粉对肿瘤病人免疫功能调节的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李莉  包永星  陆东林  徐佩茹  李敏  董爱霞  赵化荣 《新疆畜牧业》2004,(6):19-22

目的：通过特殊免疫营养物质一牛初乳粉对放、化疗的肿瘤病人进行干预治疗，研究牛初乳粉对肿瘤病人免疫功能的调节作用。方法：选择新疆医科大学一附院放疗科进行放疗、化疗的病人为研究对象，将研究对象随机分为试验组和对照组，每组各30例，试验组每人每天早、晚各服用4粒牛初乳粉胶囊(0．1g／粒)，连续服用1个月；对照组采用空白对照。结果：两组病人服用牛初乳粉胶囊后试验组的NK细胞和CD3细胞活性显著增高(P＜0．05)，与对照组相比也显著增高(P＜0．05)。其体液免疫指标中IgA试验组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。结论：肿瘤放、化疗病人服用牛初乳粉胶囊是安全的，并可改善肿瘤病人的免疫功能，有利于肿瘤痛人的治疗和康复。  相似文献   

功能性食品在抗癌症方面的应用     

陈东海  欧阳虹 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(3)

所谓功能性食品就是指在满足基本的营养需要的同时还能够发挥额外的生理作用,如预防或延迟慢性疾病的发作等。过去数十年的研究已经发现了大量的可以防止细胞氧化的营养物质。这些水果和蔬菜中的成分能够作为抗氧化剂清除体内的有害的能引起疾病的自由基。功能性食品在抗癌症方面有着广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

Comparison of thoracic radiographs and single breath-hold helical CT for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with metastatic neoplasia     

Nemanic S  London CA  Wisner ER 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(3):508-515

Imaging studies in people indicate that x-ray computed tomography (CT) is a more sensitive technique than thoracic radiography for the detection of pulmonary metastasic neoplasia. Systematic studies comparing CT and thoracic radiographic techniques in veterinary patients have not been performed. The present retrospective study was designed to directly compare the efficacy of these 2 techniques in detecting pulmonary nodules in dogs. Eighteen dogs with histologically confirmed pulmonary metastatic neoplasia had contemporaneous thoracic radiographs and pulmonary CT scans compared. Quantitative analyses included estimation of pulmonary nodule size, number, and lobar distribution on thoracic radiographs and CT images. Only 9% of CT-detected pulmonary nodules were identified on thoracic radiographs (P < .003). The lower size threshold was approximately 1 mm to detect pulmonary nodules on CT images and 7-9 mm to reliably detect nodules on radiographs (P < .0001). Additionally, pulmonary nodules were detected in a significantly greater number of lung lobes using CT as compared with thoracic radiographs (P < .0001). These data indicate that CT is significantly more sensitive than thoracic radiography for detecting soft-tissue nodules in dogs. As such, thoracic CT should be considered in any patient with neoplasia that has potential for pulmonary metastasis to more reliably stage the disease, particularly when accurate characterization of the extent and distribution of pulmonary metastatic disease affects therapeutic planning.  相似文献   

Urine N-telopeptide excretion in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma     

Lacoste H  Fan TM  de Lorimier LP  Charney SC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):335-341

Canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a commonly diagnosed cancer that is capable of inducing pathologic bone remodeling. Investigating surrogate indices of bone metabolism may contribute to the diagnostic and therapeutic management of bone malignancies in companion animals. This study evaluated the excretion of N-terminal telopeptide (NTx), a marker of bone resorption that is detected in urine. Sixty-three dogs with appendicular OSA were compared with 29 age-matched healthy dogs. Dogs with appendicular OSA had significantly higher baseline urine NTx excretion than healthy controls (P < .0001). In 17 dogs with OSA treated with either amputation or standardized palliative therapies, significant reductions in urine NTx excretion were observed, suggesting that excessive bone resorption in dogs with OSA may be linked with focal skeletal osteolysis or its consequences. To identify any relationship between indicators of pathologic bone turnover, baseline urine NTx excretion was correlated with serum bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) or radiographic tumor lengths at diagnosis. No significant correlations were identified between baseline urine NTx excretion and either bALP or tumor length. The findings from this study suggest that high urinary NTx excretion may support the diagnosis of focal skeletal osteolysis in dogs, and reductions in urine NTx excretion after treatment may reflect elimination or minimization of pathologic bone resorption.  相似文献   

Effects of chemotherapy on immune responses in dogs with cancer     

Walter CU  Biller BJ  Lana SE  Bachand AM  Dow SW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):342-347

Chemotherapy is assumed to be immunosuppressive; yet to the authors' knowledge, the effects of common chemotherapy protocols on adaptive immune responses in dogs with cancer have not been fully evaluated. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2 common chemotherapy protocols on T- and B-cell numbers and humoral immune responses to de novo vaccination in dogs with cancer. Twenty-one dogs with cancer (12 with lymphoma, 9 with osteosarcoma) were enrolled in a prospective study to assess effects of doxorubicin versus multi-drug chemotherapy on adaptive immunity. Numbers of circulating T and B cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and antibody responses to de novo vaccination were assessed before, during, and after chemotherapy. The T- and B-cell numbers before treatment also were compared with those of healthy, age-matched, control dogs. Prior to treatment, dogs with cancer had significantly fewer (P < .05) CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells than did healthy dogs. Doxorubicin treatment did not cause a significant decrease in T- or B-cell numbers, whereas treatment with combination chemotherapy caused a significant and persistent decrease in B-cell numbers. Antibody titers after vaccination were not significantly different between control and chemotherapy-treated dogs. These findings suggest that chemotherapy may have less impact on T-cell numbers and ability to mount antibody responses in dogs with cancer than was previously anticipated, though dogs with lymphoma or osteosarcoma appear to be relatively T-cell deficient before initiation of chemotherapy.  相似文献   

Treatment of dogs with lymphoma using a 12-week, maintenance-free combination chemotherapy protocol     

Simon D  Nolte I  Eberle N  Abbrederis N  Killich M  Hirschberger J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):948-954

BACKGROUND: Treatment of lymphoma in dogs by long-term chemotherapy has favorable results. However, the efficacy of short-term, maintenance-free treatment protocols on remission and survival times in dogs has not been determined. HYPOTHESIS: That treatment using a 12-week chemotherapy protocol would be associated with satisfactory treatment outcome in dogs with lymphoma. ANIMALS: 77 dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of lymphoma. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial in which dogs were treated with a 12-week chemotherapy protocol consisting of L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisolone. RESULTS: Complete remission rate was 76.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that clinical substage (P = .006) and immunophenotype (P = .003) had a significant influence on the likelihood of a dog achieving complete remission. Median duration of first complete remission was 243 days (range 19-1,191 days). The 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year remission rates were 68%, 28%, and 16%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis of patient variables, immunophenotype (P = .022) revealed a significant influence on first remission duration. Toxicosis was mild with the exception of 1 treatment-associated death. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In this group of dogs the 12-week maintenance-free chemotherapy protocol was well tolerated and had satisfactory results.  相似文献   

A syngeneic hepatocellular carcinoma model rapidly and simply prepared using a hydrodynamics-based procedure     

Kang JH  Mori T  Niidome T  Katayama Y 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(3):336-339

A rapid and simple method to deliver tumor cells into the liver by intravenous injection of a large volume of tumor cell solution at a high velocity has been developed for use in the preparation of hepatic cancer mouse models. With this hydrodynamics-based procedure, there was a 100% tumor occurrence in the liver and lungs of mice at 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. In contrast, mice injected using a non-hydrodynamics-based system showed no tumor occurrence in the liver 3 weeks after injection, although tumors were present in the lungs. The technique may be useful in the rapid development of hepatic cancer mouse models and in reducing animal mortality during model preparation.  相似文献   

Antioxidant Status and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Lymphoma     

J.L. Winter  L.G. Barber  L. Freeman  P.C. Griessmayr  P.E. Milbury  J.B. Blumberg 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(2):311-316

Background: Oxidative stress might play a role in carcinogenesis, as well as impacting morbidity and mortality of veterinary cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment and once in remission, with comparison with healthy controls.
Hypothesis: Dogs with lymphoma have increased oxidant and reduced antioxidant concentrations compared with healthy controls, and that these abnormalities normalize once remission is achieved.
Animals: Seventeen dogs with lymphoma and 10 healthy controls.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Measures of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde and total isoprostanes (isoP)] and antioxidants [α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx)] were assessed in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment compared with healthy control dogs. The same parameters were measured in the dogs with lymphoma on week 7 of the chemotherapy protocol when all dogs were in remission.
Results: At baseline, dogs with lymphoma had significantly lower α-tocopherol ( P <.001) and γ-tocopherol ( P = .003) but higher GSHPx ( P = .05), ORAC ( P = .001), and isoP ( P < .001) compared with healthy controls. In the dogs with lymphoma, α-tocopherol concentrations were higher ( P = .005) and ascorbic acid were lower ( P = .04) after treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Results suggest that dogs with lymphoma have alterations in oxidant and antioxidant concentrations and that the status of some of these biomarkers normalize after remission. Further studies are warranted to determine whether antioxidant interventions to correct these are beneficial in the treatment of canine lymphoma.  相似文献