Phase I Clinical Trial of Vinorelbine in Tumor‐Bearing Cats     

J.A Pierro  C.L. Mallett  C.F. Saba 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(4):943-948

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Assessment of postoperative pain after unilateral mastectomy using two different surgical techniques in dogs     

Bruno W Minto  Lisiane C Rodrigues  Paulo VM Steagall  Eduardo R Monteiro  Claudia VS Brand?o 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):60

Background

There are few studies reporting pain and postoperative analgesia associated with mastectomy in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative pain after unilateral mastectomy using two different surgical techniques in the dog.

Findings

Twenty female dogs were assigned (n=10/group) to undergo unilateral mastectomy using either the combination of sharp and blunt dissection (SBD) or the modified SBD (mSBD) technique, in which the mammary chain is separated from the abdominal wall entirely by blunt (hand and finger) dissection except for a small area cranial to the first gland, in a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. All dogs were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous ketamine (5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg), and maintained with isoflurane. Subcutaneous meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was administered before surgery. Postoperative pain was evaluated according to the University of Melbourne pain scale (UMPS) by an observer who was blinded to the surgical technique.. Rescue analgesia was provided by the administration of intramuscular morphine (0.5 mg/kg) if pain scores were >14 according to the UMPS. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups for age, weight, extubation time, and duration of surgery and anesthesia (P>0.05). There were no significant differences for postoperative pain scores between groups. Rescue analgesia was required in one dog in each group.

Conclusions

The two surgical techniques produced similar surgical times, incidence of perioperative complications and postoperative pain. Multimodal analgesia is recommended for treatment of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy.  相似文献   

Screening of differentially expressed genes in colorectal cancer based on TCGA database and verification of novel gene CCDC78     

HUANG Shi-fang  CHEN Yan-fang  SHI Ying  ZHONG LU  TANG Shao-hui 《园艺学报》2020,36(6):998-1005

AIM To explore novel genes closely related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer through bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq） data of gene expression profile in large samples of colorectal cancer tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and to validate the new genes and study their functions. METHODS The RNA-Seq data were downloaded from TCGA database to screen differentially expressed genes, R-survival package was used to carry out survival analysis of differentially expressed genes to screened out genes related to prognosis of colorectal cancer, and the most significantly up-regulated genes that have not been reported in cancer studies were selected for further verification. RT-qPCR was employed to detect mRNA expression of these novel genes in human colon cancer cell lines and human colorectal cancer tissues. The colon cancer cell line with stable silencing of the novel gene expression was constructed by transfection of lentivirus vector, and its viability, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay. RESULTS (1) A total of 4 017 differentially expressed genes were found in the gene expression profile of the colorectal cancer samples. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 69 genes were closely related to poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, 36 of which were up-regulated, and 11 of these 36 genes have not been reported in cancer studies. (2) The mRNA expression of the top 3 up-regulated genes CCDC78, PGGHG and TSPEAR of the 11 genes was significantly increased in colon cancer cell lines, and the expression of CCDC78 mRNA was also up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues. (3) CCDC78 gene silencing significantly suppressed the viability, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA database is helpful to discover nov?el genes related to prognosis of colorectal cancer, and CCDC78 may be a novel oncogene associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer.  相似文献   

Evaluation of microsatellite instability in urine for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract in dogs     

Sotirakopoulos AJ  Armstrong PJ  Heath L  Madrill NJ  McNiel EA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1445-1451

Background: The accumulation of frame‐shift mutations in microsatellites (MS), termed microsatellite instability (MSI), is associated with certain tumors. MSI and its detection in urine samples has been used to aid in the detection of human bladder cancer. Hypothesis: Evaluation of MSI in urine is a useful assay test for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs and is more specific than the commercially available, veterinary bladder tumor analyte (V‐BTA) test. Animals: Seventy‐three dogs: healthy controls (n= 21), proteinuric (n= 12), lower urinary tract disease excluding TCC (n= 17), and TCC (n= 23). Methods: Prospective observational study. Urine samples collected from each animal were evaluated for MSI and using the V‐BTA. For MSI detection, 22 MS sequences were polymerase chain reaction amplified from urine and blood, subjected to capillary electrophoresis, and the MS genotypes were compared. Aberration in ≥15% of MS was considered indicative of MSI. Results: MSI was detected in 11 of 23 (48%) urine samples from dogs with TCC. MSI was also detected in 12 of 50 (24%) of the control animals, including 29, 16, and 24% of healthy, proteinuric, and lower urinary disease dogs, respectively. In this population, sensitivity and specificity of MSI analysis was 48 and 76%, respectively, compared with 83 and 64%, respectively, for the V‐BTA test. Conclusions: MS analysis as performed in this study is not useful in the diagnosis of TCC.  相似文献   

High performance liquid chromatographic analysis and anticancer potential of Oplopanax horridus: Comparison of stem and berry extracts     

Chong-Zhi Wang  Han H. Aung  Sangeeta R. Mehendale  Yukihiro Shoyama  Chun-Su Yuan 《Fitoterapia》2010

Oplopanax horridus or devil's club is a herbal medicine distributed in North America. The constituents and pharmacological activities of O. horridus (OPH) are largely unknown. In this study, we assayed OPH stem and berry extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anticancer potentials of extracts on different human cancer cell lines (SW-480, HCT-116, HT-29, MCF-7 and NSCLC) were determined by MTS method. The effect of stem extract on cancer cell cycle, expression of cyclin A, and apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. HPLC data showed that the composition of OPH stem extract is more complicated than the berry extract. The wavelength of maximum absorption of the major constituent in stem and berry is 196.0 nm and 201.9 nm, respectively. Compared to the berry extract, the stem extract showed significant potent antiproliferative effect on all the studied cell lines. The stem extract at 0.1 mg/ml arrested cancer cells in S- and G2/M-phases, and significantly induced expression of cyclin A. After treatment with 0.1 mg/ml of stem extract for 72 h, apoptotic cells were increased to 45.2%, while control was 9.6%. The cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis may play a critical role in cancer chemoprevention by Oplopanax horridus stem extract.  相似文献   

Histologic and immunohistochemical review of splenic fibrohistiocytic nodules in dogs     

AS Moore  AE Frimberger  N Sullivan  PF Moore 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(5):1164-1168

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农药对前列腺和乳腺致癌的作用机制     

孙洁琪  周彩霞  赵学峰  窦烨  王清路 《安徽农学通报》2012,18(14):105-107

前列腺癌和乳腺癌在农药使用区发生频繁。研究表明,在农业区所使用的众多环境化学制品中,农药由于雌激素性质和潜在的致癌作用,可能是导致前列腺癌和乳腺癌的根本原因。从农药可作为肿瘤促进剂的方面,探讨了农药对前列腺和乳腺致癌的作用机制。  相似文献   

血清中新型癌症生物标记物——miRNA     

李艳  丁伟 《宁夏农林科技》2012,53(10):150-152

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类长度约22 nt的非编码单链RNA,广泛存在于动物、植物中,具有基因表达调控的功能。研究表明,miRNA的异常表达与人类的各种癌症相关,且miRNA可作为肿瘤抑制基因或癌基因存在。当前许多研究集中在生理学或病理学过程miRNA表达的研究,血清中miRNA可作为检测各类癌症与疾病的潜在生物标记物用于病人外周血癌症的早期检测与癌症复发的检测。血清miRNA的差异表达对癌症的研究具有较大的前景。  相似文献   

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats     

Rassnick KM  Gieger TL  Williams LE  Ruslander DM  Northrup NC  Kristal O  Myers NC  Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

Evaluation of ifosfamide for treatment of various canine neoplasms     

Rassnick KM  Frimberger AE  Wood CA  Williams LE  Cotter SM  Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(3):271-276

lfosfamide (3-[2-chloroethyl]-2[(2 chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide) is an alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. The efficacy and toxicity of ifosfamide were evaluated in 72 dogs with spontaneously occurring tumors. Forty dogs (56%) had lymphoma, 31 (43%) had sarcomas, and 1 had a metastatic carcinoma. Five dogs received ifosfamide at dosages <350 mg/m2 IV. Neither toxicity nor response were observed, and the remaining dogs received ifosfamide at 350 mg/m2 (n = 18) and 375 mg/m2 body surface area IV (n = 49). Saline diuresis and the thiol compound mesna were used to prevent urothelial toxicity. Fifty-two dogs had measurable tumors and could be evaluated for response. Complete responses were seen in 1 dog with metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder and in 1 dog with metastatic cutaneous hemangiosarcoma. One dog with lymphoma had a partial response for 112 days. Six dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma received ifosfamide postsplenectomy and their median survival time was 147 days. The acute dose limiting toxicity was neutropenia 7 days after administration of ifosfamide. The median and mean neutrophil counts 7 days after ifosfamide at 350 mg/m2 were 2,035 cells/microL and 4,773 cells/microL, respectively (n = 12). The median and mean neutrophil counts 7 days after ifosfamide at 375 mg/m2 were 2,500 cells/microL and 3,594 cells/microL, respectively (n = 37). No dog developed clinical or microscopic evidence of hemorrhagic cystitis. Ifosfamide appears safe to use in tumor-bearing dogs, and the evaluation of combination chemotherapy protocols that include ifosfamide should be considered.  相似文献