Inter‐ and intra‐specific interactions affecting crustacean trap fisheries—Implications for management     

Daniel J. Skerritt  R. Colin A. Bannister  Nicholas V. C. Polunin  Clare Fitzsimmons 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2020,27(5):445-453

The UK coastal trap fisheries target two key species, European lobster Homarus gammarus (L.) and brown crab Cancer pagurus L. Their stock status is assessed periodically using size‐based, yield‐per‐recruit analysis. Fishery trends are described using landings and, where available, effort data to estimate catch per unit of effort (CPUE), nominally proportional to abundance. Despite being caught together, assessments assume that concurrent capture of these species does not distort their individual CPUE estimates. Here, an in situ experiment tested impacts of inter‐specific and intra‐specific interactions by pre‐loading baited traps with different species and observing subsequent catches. Pre‐loaded European lobster significantly reduced brown crab catches, whereas, other species produced no such effects. The findings highlight the likely inconsistency of using CPUE as an index of abundance if landings data originate from a mixed‐species fishery in which species interactions and targeting behaviour of fishers are unknown or un‐quantified.  相似文献   

Cancer Immunotherapies     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2019,49(5):881-902

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Let-7a-3p inhibits activity of cancer stem cells in human lung cancer A549 cells by targeting IGF1R     

WU Yuan-zhou  WANG Qiu-ping  XIAO Dan  ZHU Ya-ru  FANG Shun 《园艺学报》2019,35(6):1035-1041

AIM:To study the effect of let-7a-3p on the activity of cancer stem cells in human lung cancer A549 cells and its molecular biological mechanism. METHODS:The exepression levels of let-7a-3p in lung cancer cell lines A549, NCI-H1299, SPC-A1, H1650 and HCC-827, and human normal bronchial epithilial cell line BEAS-2B were compared by RT-qPCR. The lung cancer A549 cells were transfected with let-7a-3p mimic and negative control mimic, as let-7a-3p group and negative control group, respectively, and non-transfected control group was also set up. The content of let-7a-3p in each group was detected by RT-qPCR. Tumor sphere formation assay was used to detect the tumor sphere formation ability in 3 groups of the cancer stem cells. The proportion of cancer stem cells was detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of NANOG, OCT4 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) were determined by Western blot. The target gene of let-7a-3p was predicted by the bioinformatic method. The relationship between let-7a-3p and IGF1R was analyzed by double luciferase assay. Western blot was used to detect whether IGF1R over-expression antagonized the inhibitory effect of let-7a-3p on the activity of cancer stem cells. A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model was also established and the effect of let-7a-3p in vivo was observed. RESULTS:The expression level of let-7a-3p in the lung cancer cell lines was significantly lower than that in the normal bronchial epithelial cell line (P<0.01). The expression level of let-7a-3p in the A549 cells of let-7a-3p group was significantly up-regulated compared with non-transfected group (P<0.01). The number of tumor spheres in let-7a-3p group was significantly lower than that in non-transfected group. The percentage of CD133⁺ cells in let-7a-3p group was significantly lower than that in non-transfected group (P<0.01). The protein expression of NANOG and OCT4 in let-7a-3p group was significantly lower than that in non-transfected group (P<0.01). Bioinformatic prediction showed that let-7a-3p complementarily matched the 3'-UTR of IGF1R, and IGF1R might be the target gene of let-7a-3p. Luciferase assay confirmed that IGF1R was the direct downstream target gene of let-7a-3p. The protein expression of IGF1R in let-7a-3p group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Subcutaneously transplantated tumor in let-7a-3p group was significantly smaller than that in non-transfected group. CONCLUSION:Let-7a-3p may affect the expression of lung cancer stem cell-related proteins and inhibit the potential of lung cancer stem cells by down-regulating its downstream target gene IGF1R.  相似文献   

基于cvtree方法和复杂网络理论的癌症进化树分析     

沈路明  韦芳萍 《广西农业生物科学》2014,(2):405-412

进化树是一种能够形象直观地反映出生物进化关系的树型结构图。本文从脑癌、宫颈癌、食道癌、胃癌、胶质瘤、肝细胞癌、肝癌、脑膜瘤、口腔癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、肾癌、眼癌、鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌等15种癌症的核酸序列出发,将cvtree方法与复杂网络理论相结合,构建了亲缘关系进化网络,并根据所得网络参数构建进化树。通过分析进化树图形,给出了相关癌症的进化关系,为今后对癌症的进一步研究提供了新的视角。研究结果表明,某些种类的癌症跟其它种类的进化关系较近,而某些种类的癌症则跟其它的进化关系较远;同时,在cvtree方法中取不同的串长值和不同的亲缘距离下,得到的进化树,所反映的进化趋势呈现出一定的规律。  相似文献   

Chemopreventive effects of sarcotriol on ultraviolet B-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1 hairless mice          下载免费PDF全文

Kundoor V  Zhang X  Bommareddy A  Khalifa S  Fahmy H  Dwivedi C 《Marine drugs》2007,5(4):197-207

Sarcotriol (ST) has been shown to be chemopreventive on 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted skin tumor development in CD-1 mice in recent studies from our laboratory. The objective of this study was to determine the chemopreventive effects of ST on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin tumor development in female SKH-1 hairless mice, an experimental model relevant to human skin cancer development, and its possible mechanisms of action. Female SKH-1 mice were divided into two groups: Control and ST treated. Control was topically treated with 100 μL acetone and ST treated group administered with 30 μg ST in 100 μL acetone one hour before UVB exposure. For UVB-induced tumorigenesis, carcinogenesis was initiated and promoted by UVB (180 mJ/cm²). Group weights and tumor counts were taken once every week. After 30 weeks, mice were sacrificed and dorsal skin samples were collected. The proteins from the skin sample were further used for SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using specific antibodies against caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and p53. Tumor multiplicity was found 19.6, 5.2 in the control and ST treated groups respectively. Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in ST treated group compared to Control group. Together, this study for the first time identifies the chemopreventive effects of ST in UVB-induced carcinogenesis possibly by inducing apoptosis and upregulating p53.  相似文献   

Effects of chemotherapy on immune responses in dogs with cancer     

Walter CU  Biller BJ  Lana SE  Bachand AM  Dow SW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):342-347

Chemotherapy is assumed to be immunosuppressive; yet to the authors' knowledge, the effects of common chemotherapy protocols on adaptive immune responses in dogs with cancer have not been fully evaluated. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2 common chemotherapy protocols on T- and B-cell numbers and humoral immune responses to de novo vaccination in dogs with cancer. Twenty-one dogs with cancer (12 with lymphoma, 9 with osteosarcoma) were enrolled in a prospective study to assess effects of doxorubicin versus multi-drug chemotherapy on adaptive immunity. Numbers of circulating T and B cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and antibody responses to de novo vaccination were assessed before, during, and after chemotherapy. The T- and B-cell numbers before treatment also were compared with those of healthy, age-matched, control dogs. Prior to treatment, dogs with cancer had significantly fewer (P < .05) CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells than did healthy dogs. Doxorubicin treatment did not cause a significant decrease in T- or B-cell numbers, whereas treatment with combination chemotherapy caused a significant and persistent decrease in B-cell numbers. Antibody titers after vaccination were not significantly different between control and chemotherapy-treated dogs. These findings suggest that chemotherapy may have less impact on T-cell numbers and ability to mount antibody responses in dogs with cancer than was previously anticipated, though dogs with lymphoma or osteosarcoma appear to be relatively T-cell deficient before initiation of chemotherapy.  相似文献   

Urine N-telopeptide excretion in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma     

Lacoste H  Fan TM  de Lorimier LP  Charney SC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):335-341

Canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a commonly diagnosed cancer that is capable of inducing pathologic bone remodeling. Investigating surrogate indices of bone metabolism may contribute to the diagnostic and therapeutic management of bone malignancies in companion animals. This study evaluated the excretion of N-terminal telopeptide (NTx), a marker of bone resorption that is detected in urine. Sixty-three dogs with appendicular OSA were compared with 29 age-matched healthy dogs. Dogs with appendicular OSA had significantly higher baseline urine NTx excretion than healthy controls (P < .0001). In 17 dogs with OSA treated with either amputation or standardized palliative therapies, significant reductions in urine NTx excretion were observed, suggesting that excessive bone resorption in dogs with OSA may be linked with focal skeletal osteolysis or its consequences. To identify any relationship between indicators of pathologic bone turnover, baseline urine NTx excretion was correlated with serum bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) or radiographic tumor lengths at diagnosis. No significant correlations were identified between baseline urine NTx excretion and either bALP or tumor length. The findings from this study suggest that high urinary NTx excretion may support the diagnosis of focal skeletal osteolysis in dogs, and reductions in urine NTx excretion after treatment may reflect elimination or minimization of pathologic bone resorption.  相似文献   

Comparison of thoracic radiographs and single breath-hold helical CT for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with metastatic neoplasia     

Nemanic S  London CA  Wisner ER 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(3):508-515

Imaging studies in people indicate that x-ray computed tomography (CT) is a more sensitive technique than thoracic radiography for the detection of pulmonary metastasic neoplasia. Systematic studies comparing CT and thoracic radiographic techniques in veterinary patients have not been performed. The present retrospective study was designed to directly compare the efficacy of these 2 techniques in detecting pulmonary nodules in dogs. Eighteen dogs with histologically confirmed pulmonary metastatic neoplasia had contemporaneous thoracic radiographs and pulmonary CT scans compared. Quantitative analyses included estimation of pulmonary nodule size, number, and lobar distribution on thoracic radiographs and CT images. Only 9% of CT-detected pulmonary nodules were identified on thoracic radiographs (P < .003). The lower size threshold was approximately 1 mm to detect pulmonary nodules on CT images and 7-9 mm to reliably detect nodules on radiographs (P < .0001). Additionally, pulmonary nodules were detected in a significantly greater number of lung lobes using CT as compared with thoracic radiographs (P < .0001). These data indicate that CT is significantly more sensitive than thoracic radiography for detecting soft-tissue nodules in dogs. As such, thoracic CT should be considered in any patient with neoplasia that has potential for pulmonary metastasis to more reliably stage the disease, particularly when accurate characterization of the extent and distribution of pulmonary metastatic disease affects therapeutic planning.  相似文献   

Treatment of dogs with lymphoma using a 12-week, maintenance-free combination chemotherapy protocol     

Simon D  Nolte I  Eberle N  Abbrederis N  Killich M  Hirschberger J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):948-954

BACKGROUND: Treatment of lymphoma in dogs by long-term chemotherapy has favorable results. However, the efficacy of short-term, maintenance-free treatment protocols on remission and survival times in dogs has not been determined. HYPOTHESIS: That treatment using a 12-week chemotherapy protocol would be associated with satisfactory treatment outcome in dogs with lymphoma. ANIMALS: 77 dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of lymphoma. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial in which dogs were treated with a 12-week chemotherapy protocol consisting of L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisolone. RESULTS: Complete remission rate was 76.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that clinical substage (P = .006) and immunophenotype (P = .003) had a significant influence on the likelihood of a dog achieving complete remission. Median duration of first complete remission was 243 days (range 19-1,191 days). The 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year remission rates were 68%, 28%, and 16%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis of patient variables, immunophenotype (P = .022) revealed a significant influence on first remission duration. Toxicosis was mild with the exception of 1 treatment-associated death. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In this group of dogs the 12-week maintenance-free chemotherapy protocol was well tolerated and had satisfactory results.  相似文献   

FoxA1蛋白的生物信息学分析     

赵小峰  葛保健 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(24):11953-11956

转录因子FoxA1通过与染色体结合释放出DNA结合位点对信号转导和细胞增殖进行调控。研究发现多种肿瘤组织中FoxA1表达上调,参与肿瘤生长调控,揭示FoxA1有可能成为新的肿瘤治疗靶点。该研究采用生物信息学方法,在获得FoxA1基因和蛋白序列的基础上,对其结构、性质以及与其有相互作用的蛋白进行初步的生物信息学分析,以期为进一步研究FoxA1的生物学特性奠定基础。  相似文献