Effect of feeding on the tissue free amino acid concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)     

C. G. Carter  Z-Y. He  D. F. Houlihan  I. D. McCarthy  I. Davidson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(2):153-164

This study investigates whether tissue free amino acid (FAA) pools in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), are altered following feeding and the relationships between the amount of food consumed and the FAA pool size. Trout were starved for 7 days to provide baseline data and then refed on day 8. Individual food intake was measured by radiography and the consumption of amino acids (AA) calculated from dietary protein consumption. Total FAA concentrations in the stomach, liver and white muscle were little changed at various times after the meal and this pattern was repeated for the majority of individual FAA. Overall, the most notable change was a reduction in essential FAA concentrations (principally in valine, leucine and isoleucine) in the white muscle following feeding. However, in the caeca total FAA, total essential FAA and a number of individual FAA were significantly elevated at 4, 9 and 15h following feeding. There were few significant correlations between dietary amino acid consumption and total tissue FAA and essential FAA concentration in the stomach, caecum and white muscle; correlations were stronger in the liver. In order to explain the relative constancy of total FAA concentrations in the tissues following food intake (which represents over 100% of the total FAA pool) a model is presented that quantifies the AA flux through the free pools and considers the role of protein turnover in regulating FAA pool size.  相似文献   

Estradiol-17β-induced calcium uptake and resorption in juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss     

Petra Persson  Kristina Sundell  Björn Th Björnsson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(5):379-386

Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were injected with estradiol-17β (E₂) in order to study the source of extra calcium needed during vitellogenesis. E₂-treatment increased the calcium uptake from the external medium as well as calcium mobilization from muscle and scale. Judged by the increase in plasma protein-bound calcium levels, the E₂-induced increase in calcium uptake is an apparent over-mobilization of calcium, i.e., the calcium uptake of the fish is in excess of what is found bound to plasma proteins. As the calcium excretion and calcium space (calculated from free plasma calcium levels) were unaffected, the excess calcium is suggested to be incorporated into internal calcium stores. This implies that the systems regulating vitellogenesis and calcium balance are integrated on the mechanistic or endocrine level, and that E₂ causes calcium mobilization of a magnitude geared to the needs of the sexually maturing female.  相似文献   

中华倒刺鲃肌肉营养成分与品质的评价   总被引：47，自引：2，他引：47       下载免费PDF全文

邴旭文  蔡宝玉  王利平 《中国水产科学》2005,12(2):211-215

利用常规肌肉营养测试方法测定分析5尾中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)的肌肉营养成分。结果表明，中华倒刺鲃肌肉(鲜样)中粗蛋白质量分数19．22％，粗脂肪质量分数1．96％，水分质量分数77．0％，灰分质量分数1．62％，碳水化合物质量分数0．18％。肌肉中含有17种氨基酸，总量为73．61％(质量分数，干样)，其中7种人体必需氨基酸(不包括色氨酸)总量是32．26％，占氨基酸总量的43．83％；其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合FAO／WHO的标准。中华倒刺鲃的限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸 胱氨酸)、缬氨酸和(苯丙氨酸 酪氨酸)，必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为71．34，4种鲜味氨基酸总质量分数为24．22％(干样)。脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为0．87％、3．08％，比其他经济鱼类均高，微量元素比值合理，表明中华倒刺鲃有较高的食用价值与保健作用。  相似文献   

Study on the glass transition for several processed fish muscles and its protein fractions using differential scanning calorimetry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tomoko  HASHIMOTO  Toru  SUZUKI  Tomoaki  HAGIWARA  Rikuo  TAKAI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(6):1144-1152

ABSTRACT:   The glass transition behavior of processed fish muscles (bonito, tuna, mackerel, sea bream, cod) and its muscle protein fractions (sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Each dried processed fish muscle and the extracted protein fractions showed clear glass transition phenomenon. The T _g values of muscles and myofibrillar proteins from red muscle fishes tended to be lower than those from white muscle fishes though there was no difference on T _g of sarcoplasmic proteins. The T _g value of whole muscle was considerably lower than that of extracted protein fractions because of the plasticizing effects of low molecular weight materials contained in the muscle.  相似文献   

Solubilization of type I collagen from fish muscle connective tissue by matrix metalloproteinase-9 at chilled temperature   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mitsutoshi  KUBOTA  Masato  KINOSHITA  Kazuharu  TAKEUCHI  Satoshi  KUBOTA  Haruhiko  TOYOHARA  Morihiko  SAKAGUCHI 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(5):1053-1059

  相似文献   

Digestive protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

J. Sunde  G.L. Taranger  K. Rungruangsak-Torrissen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(4):335-345

The aim of the present experiment was to screen several biochemical indices in fish and their interrelations in order to select variables for future studies of growth rate and feed conversion. Several parameters [trypsin activity, chymotrypsin activity, free amino acids (FAA) in plasma and white muscle, and RNA and RNA/protein ratio in the white muscle] were measured together with specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in four groups of diploid or triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared under different light regimes. SGR was measured on individually tagged fish, whereas feed intake and feed conversion was estimated on tank basis. A principal component analysis (PCA) explained 80.6% of the variance in the data, using all measured parameters, regardless of ploidy and light regime. Muscle free hydroxyproline showed the highest correlation, alone explaining 55% of SGR variability. The SGR also significantly correlated with trypsin activity (r=0.34), the activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin (T/C) (r=0.39), plasma essential FAA (EAA) (r=0.39), plasma total FAA (TFAA) (r=0.37), the ratio of essential to non-essential FAA (EAA/NEAA) in the white muscle (r=–0.45), muscle RNA (r=–0.45) and RNA/protein ratio (r=–0.41). Tank FCE correlated positively (r=0.97) with SGR, T/C ratio and muscle free hydroxyproline, and negatively (r=–0.90) with muscle EAA/NEAA. The groups reared under continuous light (LL) regime showed significantly higher SGR than simulated natural photoperiod (SNP) groups, and with an apparently higher FCE. A higher growth rate was associated with either a higher consumption rate and/or a higher feed utilization. A negative correlation between muscle RNA concentration and SGR may indicate that increased growth rate under LL regime was not caused by an increased protein deposition rate.  相似文献   

Changes in myoglobin content and proximate compositions of the dorsal ordinary muscles of full-cycle cultured Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck et Schlegel) with body size     

Yasuyuki Tsukamasa  Yoshi-Nori Nakamura  Masashi Ando  Manabu Seoka  & Ken-Ichi Kawasaki 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(2):201-205

We investigated the changes in myoglobin (Mb) content and proximate compositions of the cephalad parts of the dorsal ordinary muscles (Ce‐DOM) of full‐cycle cultured (FC) Pacific bluefin tuna [body length: 42.6–115.4 cm, body weight (BW): 1.7–38.4 kg, killed from July 2004 to October 2005]. The Mb content of Ce‐DOM increased (P<0.01) until a BW of 7.0 kg was reached. However, the Mb content of Ce‐DOM had a wide variety above a BW of 7.0 kg. On the other hand, the moisture, protein and ash contents of Ce‐DOM of FC tuna decreased (P<0.05 and 0.01) with an increase in BW. However, the lipid content of Ce‐DOM increased gradually above about a BW of 20.0 kg. Furthermore, the Mb content in protein of the Ce‐DOM of FC tuna increased with an increase in BW. These results indicated that the increase in Mb content of Ce‐DOM of FC tuna was not related to changes in proximate composition between a BW of 1.7 and 38.4 kg.  相似文献   

The changes in proximate compositions and glycogen contents in the dorsal ordinary muscles of the full-cycle cultured Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis occurring with growth     

Yoshi -Nori Nakamura  Masashi Ando  Manabu Seoka  Ken -Ichi Kawasaki  Yasuyuki Tsukamasa 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(6):1140-1146

ABSTRACT:   Using full-cycle cultured (FC) Pacific bluefin tuna (body length [BL], 42.6–66.4 cm; body weight [BW], 1.66–7.40 kg, n  = 15), the changes in chemical compositions and histological structure of the cephalal parts of the dorsal ordinary muscles (DOM) occurring with growth were investigated. A positive correlation ( r  = 0.9644, P  < 0.05) was observed between BL and BW with growth. The protein, lipid and ash contents of DOM and condition factor did not change with growth. However, the glycogen content of DOM increased ( P  < 0.05) from approximately 55 cm (BL) in this study. Using optical microscopic photographs, the various shapes of muscle fibers were observed and it was noted that the muscle fiber diameter increased ( P  < 0.05) with growth. Using transmission electron microscopic observation, many glycogen granules were observed in muscle fibers (especially, side of connective tissue) of DOM throughout the growth stage in this study. These results indicate that the glycogen content of DOM of FC Pacific bluefin tuna increases before the lipid with growth.  相似文献   

Mitochondrial NAD(P)-malic enzyme from herring skeletal muscle     

Edward F. Skorkowski  Kenneth B. Storey 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(4):241-248

Mitochondrial NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme [EC 1.1.1.39, L-malate: NAD⁺ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)] was purified from herring skeletal muscle to a specific activity of 8.2 mol/min/mg. The purification procedure involved chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Red Agarose and a Sephacryl S-300 with a final recovery of 38% of enzyme activity. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate in the presence of either NAD or NADP in the presence of Mn²⁺. Some kinetic characteristics of this enzyme were determined. The pH optimum of activity is 7.0. ATP was shown to be a competitive inhibitor with malate. The inhibition by ATP displayed hyperbolic competitive kinetics with a K_i (ATP) of 0.28 mM in the presence of NAD and 0.75 mM in the presence of NADP. Fumarate reversed ATP inhibition.In vivo, regulation of NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme might respond to changing levels of mitochondrial ATP and fumarate with the enzyme undergoing kinetic activation by an increase in the concentration of mitochondrial fumarate which could reverse enzyme inhibition by ATP.  相似文献   

Does the aerobic capacity of fish muscle change with growth rates?     

Dany Pelletier  Helga Guderley  Jean-Denis Dutil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,12(2):83-93

To ascertain whether growth rate modifies the oxidative capacity of fish white muscle, we examined the effects of individual growth rate on the activities of four mitochondrial enzymes in white muscle of the fast growing Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua. Growth rates were individually monitored in cod held at three acclimation temperatures during experiments repeated in four seasons. The size dependence of citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD) activities was established using wild cod ranging from 115 to 17,350 g. Given their negative allometry, CS and CCO activities in the experimental cod were corrected to those expected for a 1.2 kg animal. HOAD activities did not change with size. The specific activities of CCO and CS were positively correlated with growth rate. However, for both enzymes, season explained more of the variability than growth rate or temperature. Season was the only factor to significantly affect the activity of HOAD, while temperature and season interacted to determine glutamate dehydrogenase activity. CS activity was positively correlated with the initial condition of the cod, which differed among the seasons. The other enzymes did not show this relationship. The independent changes of these enzymes suggest that mitochondria undergo qualitative modifications with changes in growth rate, season and size. Although growth rate and the activities of CCO and CS are positively correlated, the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes is more affected by size, physical condition and season.  相似文献