Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungivorous nematodes on the growth and arsenic uptake of tobacco in arsenic-contaminated soils     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

The effects of inoculation with two AM fungi (M1, Glomus caledonium; M2, Glomus spp. and Acaulospora spp.) and a fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides sp. on growth and arsenic (As) uptake of Nicotiana tabacum L. were investigated in soils contaminated with a range of As. The reproduction of Aphelenchoides sp. was triggered by the co-inoculation of AM fungi regardless of AM fungal isolates and As levels. Stimulative effects of Aphelenchoides sp. on the development of mycorrhiza, slightly different between two AM fungi, were found particularly at the lowest As level. Irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculi, increasing soil As level decreased plant growth, but increased plant As uptake. Co-inoculation of AM fungi and Aphelenchoides sp. led plants to achieving further growth and greater As accumulation at the lowest As level. Results showed that the interactions between AM fungi and fungivorous nematodes were important in plant As tolerance and phytoextraction at low level As-polluted soil.  相似文献   

Plant–soil interactions in metal contaminated soils     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

The legacy of industrialization has left many soils contaminated. However, soil organisms and plant communities can thrive in spite of metal contamination and, in some cases, metabolize and help in remediation. The responses of plants and soil organisms to contamination are mutually dependent and dynamic. Plant–soil feedbacks are central to the development of any terrestrial community; they are ongoing in both contaminated and healthy soils. However, the theory that governs plant–soil feedbacks in healthy soils needs to be studied in contaminated soils. In healthy soils, negative feedbacks (i.e. pathogens) play a central role in shaping plant community structure. However to our knowledge, the nature of feedback relationships has never been addressed in contaminated soils. Here we review literature that supports a plant–soil feedback approach to understanding the ecology of metal-contaminated soil. Further, we discuss the idea that within these soils, the role of positive as opposed to negative plant–soil feedbacks may be more important. Testing this idea in a rigorous way in any ecosystem is challenging, and metal contamination imposes an additional abiotic constraint. We discuss research goals and experimental approaches to study plant–soil interactions applicable to metal-contaminated soils; these insights can be extended to other contaminated environments and restoration efforts.  相似文献   

镉、铜胁迫对路易斯安娜鸢尾生理生化的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱广慧  唐蓉  高莉  倪红莲 《北方园艺》2011,(24):84-86

通过溶液培养的方法,研究了Cd、Cu胁迫对路易斯安娜鸢尾幼苗生长及生理生化的影响.结果表明:Cd、Cu胁迫下,路易斯安娜鸢尾幼苗生长缓慢,地上、地下干重下降,叶片中的叶绿素含量均随胁迫浓度的增加而降低；植株叶片的丙二醛和游离脯氨酸含量、超氧化物岐化酶活性均随处理浓度、处理时间的延长而增加.  相似文献   

2020年底各地新玉米霉菌毒素风险分析     

王娟  王改琴  李钒  张玉柱  邬本成  李俊 《中国饲料》2021,1(9):93-97

为了解呕吐毒素（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）在2020年底新玉米中的污染情况,指导饲料生产企业和养殖场（户）开展霉菌毒素防控,降低霉菌毒素对饲料质量安全及养殖动物的影响,避免经济受损的风险。2020年12月在市场上采集新玉米样本225份,采用胶体金免疫层析法或上转发光免疫分析法对其霉菌毒素污染情况进行检测,依据安佑集团相关企业标准标和GB 13078-2017《饲料卫生标准》进行判定分析。结果表明：新玉米中霉菌毒素检出率为96.0%,其中DON、ZEN和AFB1的检出率分别为85.8%、87.1%和86.7%|DON、ZEN和AFB1在新玉米中的污染状况差别较大,按《饲料卫生标准》判定的超标率分别为0.0%、0.4%和11.6%|最大检测值分别为2500、534 μg/kg和＞100 μg/kg。就产地而言,山西、内蒙古、东北、安徽、山东、河南、云南、陕西等地霉菌毒素污染较重。综上,与2019年及2020年玉米霉菌毒素污染调查数据相比,2020年底新玉米污染程度较重。 [关键词] 玉米|霉菌毒素|胶体金免疫层析法|上转发光免疫分析法|污染规律  相似文献   

Detection of bacterial contamination and DNA quantification in stored blood units in 2 veterinary hospital blood banks          下载免费PDF全文

Valentina Stefanetti  Arianna Miglio  Katia Cappelli  Stefano Capomaccio  Elisa Sgariglia  Maria L. Marenzoni  Maria T. Antognoni  Mauro Coletti  Vittorio Mangili  Fabrizio Passamonti 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(3):406-410

Blood transfusions in veterinary medicine have become increasingly more common and are now an integral part of lifesaving and advanced treatment in small and large animals. Important risks associated with transfusion of blood products include the transmission of various infectious diseases. Several guidelines suggest what infectious agents to screen for in canine and feline transfusion medicine. However, while the risk of bacterial contamination of blood products during storage and administration has not been documented in veterinary medicine, it has emerged as a cause of morbidity and mortality in human transfusion medicine. Clinical experience shows that the majority of blood component bacterial contaminations are caused by only a few species. Unlike other types of bacteria, psychrotolerant species like Pseudomonas spp. and Serratia spp. can proliferate during the storage of blood units at 4°C from a very low titer at the time of blood collection to a clinically significant level (> 10⁵ CFU/mL) causing clinical sepsis resulting from red blood cell concentrate transfusions in human medicine. The purpose of this report was to describe the detection and quantification procedures applied in 4 cases of bacterial contamination of canine and feline blood units, which suggest the need for further investigations to optimize patients’ safety in veterinary transfusion medicine.  相似文献   

潮州三百门电厂冷却水排放的数值模拟研究     

倪培桐  江洧 《中国农村水利水电》2004,(5):25-27

海湾及潮汐河口的冷却水工程研究近年来受到人们的重视，由于受到潮汐的影响，其冷却水布置及热污染特性比河道及水库型更为复杂。采用数值模拟的方法，首先对电厂附近的潮流特性及冷却水输移扩散进行模拟计算，研究了电厂近海水域的水动力结构及其对冷却水排放的影响，给出电厂取水温升及热污染范围，为电厂取水设计工作提供依据。  相似文献   

水质模糊评价的探讨   总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26  

汪尚朋  李江云  郑旭荣  刘建军 《中国农村水利水电》2005,(1):49-51

首先建立了利用模糊数学对水环境评价的模型，并在模糊综合评价中就各污染因素对整个水环境污染的作用进行了定量分析，进一步客观的进行评价。在计算权重时充分考虑污染因子在数量和性质方面对权重的作用。在多污染因子影响的水环境评价中，通过对污染因子按其属性及其评价目标进行了集合，这样可更真实地反映各因子之间的关系以及对整个污染的作用。  相似文献   

不同有机酸对小白菜镉污染毒性和品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢伟芳  王文华  彭宇涛  程婷  张邦喜 《北方园艺》2021,(6):42-47

以小白菜为试材,以贵州典型黄壤为盆栽试验基质,在黄土中共设置5个不同处理,1)原始无污染土壤(CK);2)单一镉污染土壤处理(Cd);3)镉污染土壤加草酸处理(Cd+OA);4)镉污染土壤加柠檬酸处理(Cd+CA);5)镉污染土壤加酒石酸处理(Cd+TA),探究镉胁迫下不同有机酸对提高小白菜品质的效果,以期为改善蔬菜品质提供参考依据。结果表明:外源添加镉导致小白菜单株鲜质量降低了41.1%,植株体内镉大量积累,活性氧类物质、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量升高。与对照组相比,镉污染小白菜叶片内硝酸盐含量增加了2.9倍,维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别降低了19.3%和9.9%。在镉污染土壤上施入草酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸后均显著改善了小白菜的生长状态。与镉污染处理小白菜相比,柠檬酸对小白菜的促生效果最显著,生物量相对增加了48.5%,叶片和根的镉含量分别降低了45.3%和42.6%。酒石酸对超氧阴离子的影响大于草酸和柠檬酸,对过氧化氢和脯氨酸的影响小于草酸和柠檬酸,但草酸抑制硝酸盐积累和提高可溶性糖含量的作用大于其它有机酸。上述结果说明,在镉污染土壤施用柠檬酸可以有效缓解镉对小白菜的毒害作用,提高小白菜的产量和品质。  相似文献   

土壤污染治理决策系统的研究     

李永涛  吴启堂 《农业环境科学学报》1997,(4)

本文在简单介绍了各类土壤污染治理方法特点的基础上，讨论了污染物类型、污染程度、土壤条件等因素对确定土壤污染治理方法的影响，从环境经济角度，对土壤污染治理方法进行了效果费用分析。为进行土壤污染治理方法的优化选择，建立了一套土壤污染治理决策系统的计算机软件，并对其进行了系统分析。  相似文献   

Metal contamination from open-cast copper and sulphur mining in southeast Ireland     

C. Herr  C. O'Neill  N. F. Gray 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1996,7(2):161-174

The metal content was determined in soil and vegetation around the eastern zone of the disused sulphur and copper mines at Avoca (southeast Ireland). A 250 m × 250 m grid survey was conducted covering a total area of 4 km². The mining belt was in the centre of the investigated site and was sampled separately. Iron, Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations in soil and plant material were determined, in addition to soil organic matter content and soil pH. Soil samples taken from the spoil showed elevated Cu and Cd concentrations, and low soil pH and organic matter content. At least 50 per cent of the agricultural sites examined around the East Avoca Mine showed elevated soil Cu and Cd concentrations, whereas Zn and Fe soil concentrations were within the range for unpolluted soils. None of the vegetation analysed had elevated Zn, Cd, Fe or Cu concentrations. Overall there was no indication of serious metal contamination in either soils or vegetation surrounding the mine in spite of extensive dust deposition during open-pit mining activity 15–30 years ago. However, a plume of elevated Cu in the soil was identified, which originated from a large spoil heap and had been spread for some 2·0 km by the prevailing wind.  相似文献