COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE NORMAL CANINE LUMBOSACRAL SPINE: A MORPHOLOGIC PERSPECTIVE     

Daniel A.  Feeney  DVM  MS  Petra  Evers  DVM  Thomas F.  Fletcher  DVM  PhD  Robert M.  Hardy  DVM  MS  Larry J.  Wallace  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1996,37(6):399-411

The lumbosacral spine of six normal dogs weighing 4.5 to 24.5kg was imaged by computed tomography in 5.0 mm & 10.0 mm transverse planes. The vertebral canal and thecal sac (including emerging nerve roots not distinguished as separate structures from the spinal cord) were measured along dorsoventral and transverse dimensions at cranial, middle and caudal levels within each vertebra from transverse tomographic images. Linear measurements were standardized to the dorsoventral dimension of the L₆ vertebral midbody to permit comparison and averaging of the vertebral and thecal sac dimensions among different sized dogs. The dorsoventral and transverse vertebral canal size progressively increased from cranial to caudal within each vertebra from L₁?L₆ (p ≤ 0.05). The transverse dimension of the thecal sac image increased caudally within each vertebra from L₁?L₄ (p ≤ 0.05). The vertebral canal dorsoventral and transverse dimensions were largest in the midlumbar area (p ≤ 0.05). The transverse, but not the dorsoventral, imaged dimension of the thecal sac peaked in the L₄ vertebra (p ≤ 0.05). The dorsoventral thecal sac image was observed to fill the vertebral canal in the cranial and middle vertebral levels in vertebrae L₁ through L₅ in over 60% of these normal dogs. However, epidural fat could almost always be seen lateral to the thecal sac regardless of what lumbar vertebra or vertebral level was imaged. Cranial to the lumbosacral junction, the dorsal intervertebral disk margin was almost always concave relative to the thecal sac. However, at the L₇-S₁ junction, some dogs had flat or even slightly convex dorsal intervertebral disk margins. The dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments and the ligamentum flavum could not be identified as distinct structures on the 5.0 mm transverse tomographic images.  相似文献   

宁南黄土丘陵区退化草地群落主要植物种群空间分布格局对比研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

徐坤  谢应忠  李世忠 《西北农业学报》2006,15(5):123-127

通过对退化草地群落的取样调查,采用扩散系数、负二项式K值、平均拥挤度、丛生指标、聚块性指标、Cassie指标和Green指数7项指标,对主要植物种群的分布格局进行测定,对比研究了宁夏南部黄土丘陵区不同整地方式下退化草地群落恢复过程中主要植物种群的空间分布格局。通过分析判断,可认为:生境的异质性对种群的格局影响较大,其中整地措施对种群格局影响明显。不同整地方式下,群落内各种群聚集强度的总K值变化是:天然封育草地(34.1447)>水平沟整地(14.4266)>鱼鳞坑整地(5.5006)。  相似文献   

Novel Coronary Artery Anomaly in an English Bulldog with Pulmonic Stenosis     

M.I. Waterman  J.A. Abbott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(5):1256-1259

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小桐子磷脂二酰甘油酰基转移酶(JcPDAT1) cDNA的克隆与功能鉴定     

徐荣华  邱丽俊  阳天泉  王如玲  田波  刘爱忠 《中国油料作物学报》2013,35(2):123

使用兼并PCR结合RACE技术从能源植物小桐子种子中克隆了一个PDAT基因的cDNA全长,命名为JcPDAT1 (GenBank登陆号为HQ827796)。JcPDAT1全长2 869bp,包含一个长为2 013bp的开放阅读框,编码670个氨基酸。多序列比对和进化分析表明该基因编码蛋白与其他植物PDAT高度同源,具有典型的PDAT结构域。Realtime PCR结果表明JcPDAT1在种子、叶和根里面都有表达,且在种子发育过程中大量表达。酵母互补实验证实该基因编码蛋白具有PDAT酶活性。在与酿酒酵母突变体H1246?的互补实验中发现, TLC层析（薄层层析法）和尼罗红染色结果都显示JcPDAT1的表达使H1246?恢复合成TAG,说明JcPDAT1具有PDAT的功能活性。    相似文献   

Complex Disease Management: Managing a Cat with Comorbidities     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2020,50(4):811-822

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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN THE LUMBOSACRAL JOINT OF 43 HORSES WITH NO CLINICAL SIGNS OF BACK PAIN OR HINDLIMB LAMENESS     

ANNAMARIA NAGY  SUE DYSON  ALISTAIR BARR 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(5):533-539

The transrectal ultrasonographic appearance of the lumbosacral joint was assessed in 43 horses with no history or clinical evidence of back pain or hindlimb lameness. In the majority of horses (34/43, 79.1%) the lumbosacral disc had uniform or mildly heterogeneous echogenicity. However, variation in the ultrasonographic appearance of the lumbosacral joint was also identified, including hyperechogenic regions within the lumbosacral disc with or without an acoustic shadow, and mild or moderate irregularity of the opposing surfaces of the last lumbar and the first sacral vertebral bodies. Marked irregularity of the bony surfaces or marked disruption of the lumbosacral disc was not seen in any horse. The mean distance between the ventral aspects of the last lumbar and first sacral vertebrae was 14.2 mm (range: 7.1–26.5 mm, median: 14.4 mm). The degree of protrusion of the ventral aspect of the lumbosacral disc ranged from 0 to 5 mm (mean: 1.32 mm, median: 1.2 mm). The mean angle between the ventral surfaces of the last lumbar and first sacral vertebrae was 147° (range: 118–165°, median: 150°). There was no significant effect of age, breed, gender, or the size of the horses on either subjective findings in the lumbosacral joint or objective measurements.  相似文献   

Relationship between transitional lumbosacral vertebrae and eight lumbar vertebrae in a breeding colony of Labrador Retrievers and Labrador Crosses          下载免费PDF全文

CF Moeser  CM Wade 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(1-2):33-36

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LUMBOSACRAL TRANSITIONAL VERTEBRAE IN DOGS: CLASSIFICATION, PREVALENCE, AND ASSOCIATION WITH SACROILIAC MORPHOLOGY     

NATASCHA DAMUR-DJURIC  FRANK STEFFEN  MICHAEL HÄSSIG  JOE P. MORGAN  MARK A. FLÜCKIGER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(1):32-38

The prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LTV) was determined by reviewing the pelvic radiographs of 4000 medium- and large-breed dogs of 144 breeds routinely screened for canine hip dysplasia. An LTV was seen in 138 (3.5%) dogs. The prevalence was higher in German Shepherd dogs and Greater Swiss Mountain dogs than in the other breeds, suggesting a genetic predisposition. There was no gender predisposition. The transverse processes of the LTV were divided into three types based on their morphological characteristics: lumbar type or type 1; intermediate type or type 2; and sacral type or type 3. In a symmetric LTV, both transverse processes are of the same type, while in an asymmetric LTV they are not. The frequency of occurrence of symmetric and asymmetric LTV was similar. In symmetric LTV, intermediate-type transverse processes predominated. Most of the asymmetric LTV had an intermediate-type transverse process combined with a lumbar or sacral type, respectively. Highly asymmetric LTV were often angled relative to the adjacent vertebrae. We hypothesize that an LTV is not the result of transformation of a lumbar into a sacral vertebra or vice versa, but rather is an autonomous intermediate type of vertebra. It occurs when the point of contact of the pelvis with the vertebral column is slightly cranial or caudal to its normal position. The resulting formative stimulus on the vertebral ossification centers, sagittally still separated, causes the various morphologies seen in LTV including the asymmetric variations.  相似文献   

Screening for aortic stenosis in the Boxer: Auscultatory, ECG, blood pressure and Doppler echocardiographic findings     

Annika Linde DVM  Jrgen Koch DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2006,8(2):79-86

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Intraarticular Hyaluronic Acid Supplementation in the Horse: The Role of Molecular Weight     

Valentine S. Williams  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a primary cause of lameness and loss of use in the equine industry. Treatment of affected joints is aimed at reducing synovial inflammation, halting the inflammatory cascade within the joint, minimizing articular cartilage breakdown, and reducing pain. Treatments of affected joints commonly used by equine practitioners include intraarticular hyaluronic acid (HA). Consideration of the average molecular weight (MW) and concentration of the HA product may dictate what product is selected. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize for the practitioner the scientific data available evaluating the significance of hyaluronic acid molecular weight with regard to efficacy and duration of action in horses when administered intraarticularly. In summary, the beneficial effects of HA supplementation are attributable to the anti-inflammatory effects, improvement in viscoelastic properties of the synovial fluid, and interaction with the synovial membrane affecting pain transmission and joint metabolism. As this review shows, the importance of HA molecular weight with regard to efficacy of treating synovial inflammation and osteoarthritis has not been clearly demonstrated, and results are conflicting. Until there is a full understanding of the mechanism of action of HA within the joint, the veterinarian's choice of HA products will continue to be based on clinical preference. Additional studies directly comparing products of different HA average molecular weights and formulations in a controlled in vivo setting are needed to assess the importance of HA molecular weight in treating joint disease.  相似文献