渤海主要生物种间关系及食物网的研究↑（*）   总被引：24，自引：8，他引：24  

邓景耀  姜卫民  杨纪明  李军 《中国水产科学》1997,4(4):1-7

根据１９９２年－１９９３年渤海增殖生态基础调查大面定点底拖网试捕的渔获物，对渤海２７种鱼类和１０种虾蟹类的３８０１个胃含物样品进行了分析，并与１０年前渤海鱼类的食性进行了比较。结果表明：蓝点马鲛、小黄鱼和白姑鱼等主要捕食鱼类胃含物中鱼的比例较１０年前明显增加，鱼类的食性类型无明显变化。渤海低级肉食性鱼类的营养级由１９８２－１９８３年的平均２．４上升为２．５，中、高级肉食性鱼类的营养级分别由原来的平均３．２和３．８降为２．８和３．３。渤海主要鱼类之间饵料重叠系数大于０．６的占１５％。鱼为渤海多数中、高级肉食性鱼类的主要摄食对象。  相似文献   

甘肃白猪日粮能量浓度与肥育性能及胴体品质关系的研究     

李焕友 《安徽农业科学》1990,(2)

本研究以不同日粮能量的浓度为条件,较详细地研究了甘肃白猪肥育性能和胴体品质关系的变化规律.证实甘肃白猪在本试验设置的日粮能量浓度范围内具有调节采食量,获得较高日增重及饲料利用率的能力.综合评定结果显示,甘肃白猪更适应中能日粮.如采用低能日粮饲喂则能获得优良胴体,大幅度提高瘦肉率.在育种上,提高甘肃白猪胴体瘦肉率,应重视对背膘、臀围及全身骨骼发育等方面的选择.  相似文献   

蛋氨基酸锰对蛋鸡生产性能的影响     

王福明 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(22):6798-6798,6804

[目的]探究蛋氨基酸锰对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。[方法]将25周龄的商品蛋鸡400只随机分成5组,待分组产蛋稳定后,在饲料中分别添加0、20、40、60、80 mg/kg蛋氨基酸锰进行饲喂试验。[结果]结果表明,添加了蛋氨基酸锰的4个试验组饲料转化率和产蛋率均高于对照组,当添加量为60 mg/kg时,饲料转化率和经济效益最佳。[结论]用蛋氨基酸锰作商品蛋鸡的饲料添加剂是可行的,具有较高的开发利用价值。  相似文献   

Comparative water snake ecology: conservation of mobile animals that use temporally dynamic resources     

John H. Roe  Bruce A. Kingsbury 《Biological conservation》2004,118(1):79-89

Obtaining information on movement and spatial patterns of animals and understanding the factors that shape their movements about the landscape are critical steps in designing conservation strategies. We conducted a comparative radiotelemetry study of two snake species, the northern water snake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon, and the imperiled copperbelly water snake, Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta, in northwest Ohio and southern Michigan to assess differences in movement patterns, spatial ecology, and resource use. N. e. neglecta moved distances (53.3 ± 7.1 m/day and 4809 ± 603 m/year) over twice as far as N. s. sipedon (25.6 ± 2.7 m/day and 2244 ± 228 m/year), and used areas nearly four times larger (15.8 ± 2.7 ha) than N. s. sipedon (4.0 ± 0.9 ha). When wetlands were widely dispersed in the landscape, N. e. neglecta moved longer distances and used larger areas, whereas spatial and movement patterns in N. s. sipedon were unaffected by wetland spatial distribution. N. e. neglecta’s long movements and large area use are likely related to its use of variable resources such as ephemeral wetlands and anuran prey. N. s. sipedon used more permanent wetlands and preyed more generally on fish and anurans. Habitat alterations that change the spatial distribution of wetlands in the landscape, such as the loss of small isolated wetlands, have likely increased energetic costs and mortality rates for N. e. neglecta. Conservation strategies for vagile wetland animals that use spatially and temporally variable resources over broad spatial scales should focus on protecting and restoring large areas with numerous, heterogeneous wetlands.  相似文献   

不同季节蛋鸡饲料养分浓度的研究Ⅱ.高温期罗曼蛋鸡日粮的优化研究     

周明  李培英  彭克森  丁昌春 《中国农业气象》1997,(6)

在高温夏季（１９９３年７月１日～９月３０日，合肥地区，开放式鸡舍，舍温２７．９～３８．７℃，平均３２．３℃），用６种不同配方的日粮饲喂处于相同生境的６组２３～３６周龄罗曼蛋鸡。按罗曼公司推荐的饲养标准配制第１组日粮；对第２～６组日粮养分浓度作适当调整。饲养结果表明：各组间罗曼蛋鸡产蛋率、饲料转化率和产蛋饲料成本有显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）或极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）差异。其中，第５组鸡产蛋率（８３．９３％）和饲料转化率（４３．６４％）均为最高（Ｐ＜０．０１），比第１组鸡产蛋率（７８．９１％）和饲料转化率（４１．２６％）分别提高６．３６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和５．７７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；第５组鸡产蛋饲料成本（２．５５元／ｋｇ）比第１组鸡产蛋饲料成本（２．９２元／ｋｇ）降低１４．５１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。第５组日粮配方（％）为：玉米６１．０、小麦麸３．０、大豆粕１７．０、鱼粉４．０、菜籽饼４．３、蛋氨酸０．１４、赖氨酸０．０５、骨粉０．８、石粉８．５、磷酸氢钙０．８、食盐０．３１、禽用微量元素添加剂０．１２、罗曼多维素０．０１８。  相似文献   

Diet of the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), in Lake Naivasha, Kenya     

P. A. ALOO  S. DADZIE 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1995,2(1):43-51

Abstract The major food items of adult largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), in Lake Naivasha, Kenya are not markedly different from those in its native range. Although insects and their larvae are major components of the diet for both temperate and equatorial populations of juvenile bass, the equatorial population also eats Procambarus clarkii (Girard), juvenile fish and aquatic weeds. In temperate populations they also eat crustaceans, rotifers and oligochaetes. The frequency of occurrence of the major prey organisms in the stomachs of M. salmoides varies seasonally with population peaks in these organisms. Similar to North American populations, the Naivasha population feeds during the day between dawn and dusk. In contrast to temperate populations, the population of M. salmoides in this equatorial lake feeds throughout the year, with feeding intensity correlated with water temperature.  相似文献   

家蚕对颗粒人工饲料的摄食性及若干物质添加效果的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

程安玮  崔为正 《蚕业科学》2002,28(2):134-137

研究结果表明 :家蚕对颗粒人工饲料的嗅觉反应和摄食反应与蒸煮切片饲料无明显差异 ,具有良好的适口性 ;饲料含水量和光照条件对摄食性有显著的影响 ;颗粒人工饲料中添加适量肌醇可提高小蚕的摄食性 ,促进生长发育 ,但添加VC、VB混合物和蔗糖 ,均无明显效果  相似文献   

不同比例光叶紫花苕草粉饲喂生长肥育猪的效果     

刘永钢  王洪桐 《中国畜牧杂志》1992,28(1):3-7

用127头生长肥育猪做了3项饲养试验,用以考察饲粮中含0-40％草粉对试猪生产性能和胴体性状的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照组比较,饲粮含5-15％的草粉并不显著降低试猪生长速度;(2)饲喂草粉导致胴体瘦肉率增加和消化道尤其是大肠容积增加。实验表明:高比例光叶紫花苕草粉的主要限制因素是猪只采食量。根据实验结果可以认为在生长猪饲粮中添加10-15％,育肥猪15-25％的光叶紫花苕草粉是适宜的。  相似文献   

Measurements of the acid-binding capacity of ingredients used in pig diets     

Lawlor PG  Lynch PB  Caffrey PJ  O'Reilly JJ  O'Connell MK 《Irish veterinary journal》2005,58(8):447-452

: Some feed ingredients bind more acid in the stomach than others and for this reason may be best omitted from pig starter foods if gastric acidity is to be promoted. The objective of this study was to measure the acid-binding capacity (ABC) of ingredients commonly used in pig starter foods. Ingredients were categorised as follows: (i) milk products (n = 6), (ii) cereals (n = 10), (iii) root and pulp products (n = 5), (iv) vegetable proteins (n = 11), (v) meat and fish meal (n = 2), (vi) medication (n = 3), (vii) amino acids (n = 4), (viii) minerals (n = 16), (ix) acid salts (n = 4), (x) acids (n = 10). A 0.5 g sample of food was suspended in 50 ml distilled de-ionised water with continuous stirring. This suspension was titrated with 0.1 mol/L HCl or 0.1 mol/L NaOH so that approximately 10 additions of titrant was required to reach pH 3.0. The pH readings after each addition were recorded following equilibration for three minutes. ABC was calculated as the amount of acid in milliequivalents (meq) required to lower the pH of 1 kg food to (a) pH 4.0 (ABC-4) and (b) pH 3.0 (ABC-3). Categories of food had significantly different (P < 0.01) ABC values. Mean ABC-4 and ABC-3 values of the ten categories were: (i) 623 (s.d. 367.0) and 936 (s.d. 460.2), (ii) 142 (s.d. 79.2) and 324 (s.d. 146.4), (iii) 368 (s.d. 65.3) and 804 (s.d. 126.7), (iv) 381 (s.d. 186.1) and 746 (s.d. 227.0), (v) 749 (s.d. 211.6) and 1508 (s.d. 360.8), (vi) 120 (s.d. 95.6) and 261 (s.d. 163.2), (vii) 177 (s.d. 60.7) and 1078 (s.d. 359.0), (viii) 5064 (s.d. 5525.1) and 7051 (s.d. 5911.6), (ix) 5057 (s.d. 1336.6) and 8945 (s.d. 2654.1) and (x) -5883 (s.d. 4220.5) and -2591 (s.d. 2245.4) meq HCl per kg, respectively. Within category, ABC-3 and ABC- 4 values were highly correlated: R2 values of 0.80 and greater for food categories i, iv, v, vi, vii and viii. The correlation between predicted and observed ABC values of 34 mixed diets was 0.83 for ABC-4 and 0.71 for ABC-3. It was concluded that complete diets with low ABC values may be formulated through careful selection of ingredients. The final pH to which ABC is measured should matter little as ABC-3 and ABC-4 are highly correlated.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen on the extent of their incorporation into tissues of rats     

Wentao Lv  Tingting Ju  Bing Dong  Boyang Yu  Jingdong Yin 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2012,3(2):100-107

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary ratios of 13C to 12C or 15N to 14N on their relative incorporation into tissues. Eighty male rats were used in two 21-day feeding trials in which they were fed diets with either high δ13C levels (δ13C = 13.89% and δ15N = 2.37% in experiment 1 and δ13C = 19.34% and δ15N = 4.73% in experiment 2) or low δ13C levels (δ13C = 17.90% and δ15N = 3.08% in experiment 1 and δ13C = 21.76% and δ15N = 0.53% in experiment 2), meanwhile, the dietary δ15N levels were designed to two ranks. Blood, liver, adipose and muscle tissues were collected on day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for determination of 13C, 12C, 15N and 14N isotopes. Rat growth rate, antioxidant capacity and metabolic parameters were also assessed. The results indicate that adipose tissue tend to deplete 13C before the stable isotopic ratios achieved final equilibrium. Therefore, feeds with different isotopic signatures had different incorporation rates into tissues. Low dietary 13C levels decreased tissue δ13C values whereas high dietary 13C levels did not alter tissue δ13C values during the 21-d experiment. Blood δ15 N values were a reliable parameter in assessing the relative contribution of dietary nitrogen to tissues. This study revealed a relationship between dietary isotopic signatures and their incorporation rates into rat tissues. However, more studies are needed to illustrate the mechanism through which dietary isotopic ratios influence the extent of isotopic incorporation into the tissues.  相似文献