Effect of dietary protein:energy ratio on intake, growth and metabolism of juvenile green abalone Haliotis fulgens     

Laura Gmez-Montes  Zaul García-Esquivel  Louis R. D'Abramo  Armando Shimada  Carlos Vsquez-Pelez  María Teresa Viana 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):769-780

Juvenile green abalone Haliotis rufescens were grown under laboratory conditions at 21±1 °C and fed formulated diets consisting of different protein:energy ratios (mg protein/kcal), 62, 74, 85, 100, 108, for 60 days. The level of crude protein ranged from approximately 26% to 44% while the energy content remained constant at about 4.1 kcal g⁻¹. Growth ranged from 3.63 to 12.33 mg day⁻¹. The growth of abalone fed the 100 and 108 diets was significantly greater than that of each of the other diets. Protein efficiency ratio increased as the dietary protein content increased except for the T108 diet (44% crude protein). Abalone apparently consume food to satisfy an energy requirement. Caloric expenditure due to metabolism was estimated for abalone fed diets with protein ratios of 62, 85, 100. Energy loss due to respiration did not vary appreciably among abalone fed the different diets. The proportional distribution of dietary energy into fecal, digestible, growth, and metabolic energy was estimated for abalone fed these diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility was among the lowest for abalone fed the 100 P:E diet, but growth of abalone fed this diet was significantly higher than that of each of the other treatments except the 108 diet. Unexplained energy loss to achieve balance ranged from 7% to 28.5%, some of which is probably due to differential mucus and ammonia production. Results suggest a potential for the reduction of both dietary protein and lipid without causing any adverse effects on the growth response.  相似文献   

条纹石鮨摄食强度与代谢及能量收支间的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘红  肖雨  汲长海  彭昌迪  何世强  钟良明  王华 《水产科技情报》1998,(5)

设日摄食率为０．４％、１．５％、４．０％三种水平,分别测定条纹石鱼旨Ｍｏｒｏｎｅｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ幼鱼的代谢及能量的收支情况。处于饱食（日摄食率４．０％）及维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）下,该鱼代谢率增加的峰值分别于摄食后３ｈ及７ｈ内出现,为静止时代谢水平的２．１０倍和２．４６倍,ＳＤＡ（特殊动力作用）持续时间均为２１ｈ,ＳＤＡ总耗能量分别占摄入能的１３％和３５．８％。条纹石鱼旨在饱食时的转化效率Ｋ（湿重）为２０．８５％。三种摄食水平下条纹石鱼旨的能量收支方程分别为：饱食状态（日摄食率４．０％）时,１００Ｃ＝８．４Ｆ＋７．８Ｕ＋１３．０ＳＤＡ＋３６．９（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）＋３３．９Ｇ;维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）时,１００Ｃ＝７．８Ｆ＋４．１Ｕ＋３５．８ＳＤＡ＋５２．３（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）,其中Ｇ＝０;减重状态（日摄食率０．４％）时,（Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ）／（Ｃ＋Ｐ１）＝６７．３％,其中Ｃ＋Ｐ１＝１４．４Ｃ＋８５．６Ｐ１,Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ＝１．８Ｆ＋８．１Ｕ＋５７．４Ｒ。  相似文献   

Variability in the composition of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meals influences their digestible nutrient and energy value when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Brett Glencross  Wayne Hawkins  David Evans  Neil Rutherford  Peter McCafferty  Ken Dods  Max Karopoulos  Chris Veitch  Sofie Sipsas  Bevan Buirchell   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,277(3-4):220-230

Over a series of seven separate experiments 76 different lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meals were assessed for their digestible dry matter, protein, amino acid and energy characteristics when fed to rainbow trout. Two reference diets (a common basal diet and a reference lupin meal) were also included in each experiment. Minimal variance in the digestibility parameters of both reference diets was observed among the experiments ensuring that there was a high degree of robustness in the across-experiment evaluations. Using simple and multiple-regression techniques, principal diet and ingredient composition factors affecting diet and ingredient digestibilities and ingredient digestible values were explored within the dataset. Using simple linear regression, it was shown that nitrogen digestibility of the lupin meals was negatively influenced by ingredient lignin content, but positively affected ingredient protein (N × 6.25) content. The energy digestibility of the lupin meals was positively affected by a range of compositional features including protein, sum of amino acids and negatively affected by carbohydrate content. The digestible nutrient and energy content of the meals reflected the combined effects of both ingredient digestibilities and ingredient composition. The digestible nitrogen content of the lupin meals was positively affected by protein (N × 6.25), sum of amino acids and energy content, but was negatively affected by lignin and carbohydrate content. The digestible sum of amino acids was also positively affected by protein, sum of amino acids, but only negatively affected by carbohydrate content, not lignin content. The digestible energy content of the lupin meals was also positively affected by protein, sum of amino acids and their own energy density, but only negatively affected by carbohydrate content. Multiple linear regression modelling supported that together ingredient protein and lignin content were the strongest predictors of digestible protein value, explaining close to 60% of the variability in this parameter. Discrete reassessment of these relationships using non-linear analysis methods provided a stronger interpretation of the ingredient composition effects. In recognition of this, a functional model including terms for ingredient protein and lignin content on the digestible protein value was defined. This study demonstrates that within one raw material type that not only does significant variability in the digestible value of the raw materials exist, but that it is possible to identify compositional features of that raw material that are intrinsically influencing their own digestible value.  相似文献   

The effect of temperature on the energy budget of the Manila clam, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis>     

Kyung Nam Han  Soon Woo Lee  Soon Young Wang 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(2):143-152

In this study, the energy budget of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, was evaluated after one-week acclimation periods at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. Small clams (151 ± 12 mg DW) and large clams (353 ± 16 mg DW) were fed with the microalgae, Isochrysis galbana. Filtration rate, ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency, oxygen-consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate were measured. Both filtration rate and ingestion rate of small and large clams were found to be related to temperature. The highest Q ₁₀ values were measured in the range 15–20°C for both small and large clams. Assimilation efficiency of both small and large clams was not significantly influenced by temperature, although the maximum mean values were detected at 20°C. Oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of small and large clams were found to be related directly to temperature over the entire range, with a maximum being detected at 25°C. The highest Q ₁₀ value was estimated in the range 10–15°C with regard to oxygen consumption rate, and in the range of 15–20°C with regard to ammonia excretion rate. Scope for growth (SFG) was positive at all temperatures, achieving a maximum value at 20°C in both small and large clams, primarily as a consequence of the enhanced ingestion rate which offset the concomitant elevation in the metabolic rate. In this study we have estimated the thermal optimum for this species at 20°C.  相似文献   

IAA、GA和ABA对葡萄果实~(14)C蔗糖输入与代谢的调控   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

夏国海  张大鹏  贾文锁 《园艺学报》2000,(1)

将　14 C蔗糖与激素IAA、GA和ABA同时通过果柄引入离体葡萄果实 ,研究了蔗糖积累代谢与激素的关系。结果表明 :①GA在幼果膨大期 ,IAA在果实始熟期以前 ,ABA从缓慢生长期到果实成熟 ,对蔗糖的吸收有明显促进效果。②GA与IAA在果实发育前期 (第Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 )可促进　14 C蔗糖转化为非醇溶性结构物 ;ABA则在成熟期表现出类似的作用。③IAA、GA与ABA在幼果膨大期可促进糖分转化为有机酸 ,但在缓慢生长期都抑制这一过程 ,抑制效果以ABA最显著 ,IAA其次 ,GA最小。成熟期糖分占醇溶物的 85 %～ 91% ,不同激素处理的差异不明显。ABA可促进各个时期果实中氨基酸的合成。④IAA可加快蔗糖分解为还原糖 ;GA增加果糖积累 ;ABA处理的果实蔗糖含量最高 ,推测ABA直接刺激了果肉维管束的蔗糖卸载。  相似文献   

Lipid metabolism is improved by L-carnitinein semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet     

FENG Yu  GUO Chang-jiang  WEI Jing-yu  YANG Ji-jun  GE Yu-zhang  GAO Lan-xing 《园艺学报》2000,16(12):1313-1316

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg·bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.  相似文献   

EM处理对大豆增产作用机理的研究初报   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曹永强  王海英  徐瑞婷  顾宜晴  谢甫绨 《辽宁农业科学》2003,(2):18-20

试验选用沈农6号大豆品种为材料，在大豆始花期进行叶面喷施EM500倍液，就EM在提高大豆产量的作用机理方面进行了研究。结果表明：EM处理可加速大豆植株的生长发育，增加株高，增大叶面积和比叶重，使其长势良好，为大豆高产、优质变定基础；EM还可改善大豆植株的生理生化代谢过程，使叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量明显提高，过氧化氢酶活性增强，光合作用强度提高；EM处理可使大豆产量提高10．75％，增产效果明显。  相似文献   

腈在肉鸡体内蓄积和分布特性及其对物质代谢的影响     

何烈华  邢廷铣  陈惠萍  李丽立  刘多敏 《动物营养学报》1995,(3)

用不同剂量的腈(主要为戊烯腈和已烯腩)灌服肉仔鸡,结果表明:(1)腈化物经鸡体消化吸收后,一部分转运至各组织器官蓄积,其中以肝脏为最多;另一部分经粪、尿排出体外:其余的或经生物转化成其他物质,或在代谢过程中散失。(2)随着腈股喂量的增加,动物日采食量、干物质代谢率和粗蛋白质代谢率随之下降。因此,腈明显影响功物的生长发育。(3)腈对鸡毒性作用阈剂量为每天40mg/kg,显现毒性作用的剂量范围为40～60mg/kg。  相似文献   

半胱胺对绵羊消化代谢的影响   总被引：28，自引：3，他引：25  

刘宗柱  沈延法 《畜牧兽医学报》1996,27(3):212-219

十二指肠灌注半胱胺后，４头湖羊平均日采食量（以ＤＭ计）虽无显著性变化，而由复胃进入十二指肠的食糜流量则增加１５．８１％（Ｐ〈０．０５）；食糜ＴＮ流量由１８．３４±０．４２ｇ／ｄ提高到２１．３４±０．５８ｇ／ｄ（Ｐ〈０．０１），其中ＭＣＰ－Ｎ及表观过瘤胃蛋白氮（ＢＰＮ）分别提高２８．５７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和１４．４４％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。瘤胃液总脱氢酶活力平均提高２１．１５％（Ｐ〈０．０２５），ＮＨ３  相似文献   

小鹅瘟及其防治     

孙烨琳  刘清河 《吉林畜牧兽医》2008,29(10):12-14

鹅细小病毒感染,又称小鹅瘟,是由鹅细小病毒引起雏鹅和雏番鸭的一种急性或亚急性的败血性传染病。本病主要侵害4～20日龄的雏鹅,以传播快、高发病率与高病死率、严重下痢、渗出性肠炎、肠道内形成腊肠样栓子为特征。在自然条件下成年鹅常呈隐性感染,但经排泄物和卵可传播该病。该病是危害养鹅业的主要病毒性传染病。  相似文献