Reconstructing mole tunnels using frequency-domain ground penetrating radar     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

The European mole (Talpa europaea L.) inhabits an underground tunnel system whereby the density, extent and condition of the subsurface tunnels are indicative of its activity. Currently, no survey method was able to reveal the spatial extent and condition of the mole's tunnel network. Frequency-domain ground penetrating radar (GPR) was evaluated on its potential to image these shallow tunnel systems. This technique allows for a non-invasive, high-resolution mapping of the subsurface. We examined the effectiveness of this GPR system for delineating the mole's tunnel network. The integration of different depth slices allowed a detailed overview of the tunnel system. Automatic feature recognition on these GPR images was proven valuable for the detection and representation of the mole tunnels. The GPR survey proved successful in mapping the mole's tunnel network, which facilitates the interpretation and characterization of the mole's living environment. This can be linked to the occurrence of earthworms, as the principle food source of the moles, which regulate important ecosystem processes within the soil. This offers new perspectives for the understanding of the mole's habitat.  相似文献   

蚯蚓的化学成分与应用价值研究进展     

涂清波  林颖  苏鹏亮  陆冬莺  马宇凡  王赛男  徐丹 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(34):109-111

综述了蚯蚓的化学成分及应用价值,旨在为蚯蚓的综合开发利用提供依据。  相似文献   

Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg⁻¹ soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg⁻¹ soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg⁻¹ soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil.  相似文献   

蚯蚓在现代农牧业中的应用研究     

邱时秀  吴永胜  杨雪  孙越鸿  许祯莹  曹雨辰 《四川畜牧兽医》2012,39(7):25-27

蚯蚓可消除畜禽废弃物公害,可为养殖业提供优质蛋白质原料和治疗多种畜禽疾病,有利于建立农业良性结构,实现农牧结合。因此,以蚯蚓为链条的生态循环农业是促进现代农牧业发展的有效途径。  相似文献   

蚯蚓与植物联合去除猪粪中的Cu,Zn污染研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

李玉红  王岩  霍晓婷 《河南农业科学》2007,(6):86-89

由于饲料添加剂的使用,畜禽粪便中的重金属污染已非常普遍,尤其是Cu,Zn污染最为显著。为此,利用蚯蚓对腐熟猪粪进行处理,再通过植物对蚓粪中Cu,Zn吸收的方法,进行了消除猪粪中重金属的研究。结果表明,蚯蚓对猪粪Zn有较强的吸收能力,富集系数为1.43;而对Cu的吸收能力相对较弱,富集系数为0.61。植物对Cu,Zn的吸收贡献不大,但可以作为饲料返回到动物体内,从而减少饲料添加剂中Cu,Zn的含量。通过蚯蚓与植物的联合处理,能有效地降低腐熟猪粪中Cu,Zn的含量。  相似文献   

接种蚯蚓与添加有机物料对茶园土壤结构的影响     

程思远  李欢  梅慧玲  王炫清  刘馨秋  陈暄  马青平  黎星辉 《土壤学报》2021,58(1):259-268

蚯蚓通过取食、排泄、分泌黏液、挖掘洞穴等活动,可显著改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。为探究蚯蚓与有机物料不同配施方式对茶园土壤肥力的调控效果与机理,设计5个处理组:不施肥(CK),不施肥+蚯蚓(BE),菜籽饼+蚯蚓(CE),茶树修剪物+蚯蚓(JE),生物质炭+蚯蚓(TE),分别进行室内模拟实验。结果显示,与不施肥(CK)相比,接种蚯蚓(BE)处理使土壤的总碳含量呈升高趋势;添加有机物料(CE、JE、TE)三个处理的土壤的全碳、全氮含量、有机质含量均高于BE组,其中TE处理最高。单独接种蚯蚓处理可提高土壤总有机质含量,接种蚯蚓配施有机物料对提高土壤肥力有明显作用,其中茶生物质炭与蚯蚓共同作用效果最好。经过3个月的培养,5个处理中土壤pH均呈降低趋势,其中BE组pH降低最大(6.81到5.82)。在采用同步辐射红外显微成像技术(SR-FTIR)对土壤微团聚体中矿物-有机复合体进行表征后,结果显示土壤团聚体中多糖、蛋白质、脂肪和黏土矿物均呈高度异质性分布,CE和JE组中黏土矿物与大分子有机物具有较高的分散性;黏土矿物与多糖的分布模式较为相似,而黏土矿物与蛋白质类物质、脂肪的分布模式有较大差异,且这种分布模式不受蚯蚓与有机物料互作的影响。各处理土壤团聚体的黏土矿物和有机官能团的相关性决定系数R2由小到大均依次为:黏土矿物-蛋白质、黏土矿物-多糖、黏土矿物-脂肪,表明黏土矿物与大分子有机物的亲和性有差异,且不受蚯蚓与有机物料互作的影响。  相似文献   

Earthworm populations and growth rates related to long-term crop residue and tillage management     

Nikita S. Eriksen-Hamel  Alicia B. Speratti  Joann K. Whalen  Anne Lgre  Chandra A. Madramootoo 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,104(2):311-316

Conventional tillage creates soil physical conditions that may restrict earthworm movement and accelerate crop residue decomposition, thus reducing the food supply for earthworms. These negative impacts may be alleviated by retaining crop residues in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various tillage and crop residue management practices on earthworm populations in the field and earthworm growth under controlled conditions. Population assessments were conducted at two long-term (15+ years) experimental sites in Québec, Canada with three tillage systems: moldboard plow/disk harrow (CT), chisel plow or disk harrow (RT) and no tillage (NT), as well as two levels of crop residue inputs (high and low). Earthworm growth was assessed in intact soil cores from both sites. In the field, earthworm populations and biomass were greater with long-term NT than CT and RT practices, but not affected by crop residue management. Laboratory growth rates of Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen) in intact soil cores were affected by tillage and residue inputs, and were positively correlated with the soil organic C pool, suggesting that tillage and residue management practices that increase the soil organic C pool provide more organic substrates for earthworm growth. The highest earthworm growth rates were in soils from RT plots with high residue input, which differed from the response of earthworm populations to tillage and residue management treatments in the field. Our results suggest that tillage-induced disturbance probably has a greater impact than food availability on earthworm populations in cool, humid agroecosystems.  相似文献   

日本横滨市土壤各形态铅和蚯蚓体内铅的含量关系研究     

陕永杰  张美萍  金子信博 《土壤通报》2008,39(5)

以日本横滨市国道两侧绿地土壤和横滨国立大学校内绿地土壤为研究区,采用连续浸提-ICP法分析了横滨市土壤环境中表层(0～5cm)和5～20cm处的Pb元素的水溶性、离子态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机质结合态、和残渣态Pb的含量变化及其与土壤蚯蚓体内Pb含量的关系,结果表明:横滨市土壤表层全Pb含量在76.85～100.05mgkg-1之间,5～20cm土层全Pb含量为40.83～57mgkg-1之间,远高于当地的土壤Pb背景值(17mgkg-1),受到不同程度的污染;并且横滨国立大学校内绿地土壤比国道两侧绿地土壤表层的全Pb含量显著提高,其污染原因有待于进一步研究。蚯蚓体内的Pb含量变化范围在在研究区各采样点中没有显著差异,统计分析结果表明,蚯蚓体内的Pb含量与土壤环境中各形态Pb之间并无线性相关关系。  相似文献   

不同氮肥水平下蚯蚓粪施用对水稻生长特性及产量的影响     

赵春容  单双吕  王玉梅  罗凯  周雪峰  黄敏  张恒栋  范龙  曹放波  陈佳娜  方升亮  邹应斌 《中国稻米》2017,(4):67-70

以两优培九为材料,采用大田微区试验,研究不同氮肥水平(N1,9 g/m~2;N2,12 g/m~2;N3,15 g/m~2)下不同蚯蚓粪施用量(EC0,0;EC_1,16.88 kg/m~2;EC_2,33.76 kg/m~2)对水稻生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明,移栽40 d后EC_2和EC_1处理的茎蘖数均显著高于EC0(P0.05);幼穗分化期和乳熟期EC0处理的SPAD值均显著低于EC_1和EC_2处理(P0.05);齐穗期EC0处理的叶面积指数分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低32.7%和80.7%,地上部总干物质量分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低30.6%和59.8%;成熟期有效穗数、地上部干物质量和水稻产量均表现为EC_2EC_1EC0,EC_2和EC_1处理的有效穗数分别比EC0处理多41.5%和21.3%、地上部干物质量分别比EC0处理高47.7%和25.8%、产量分别比EC0处理高35.4%和34.3%。由此可见,施用蚯蚓粪便可促进水稻分蘖,提高水稻叶面积、SPAD值和地上部干物质量,进而提高水稻籽粒产量。  相似文献   

Microbial populations,enzyme activities and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium enrichment in earthworm casts and in the surrounding soil of a pineapple plantation     

S. C. Tiwari  B. K. Tiwari  R. R. Mishra 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,8(2):178-182

Summary Total populations of bacteria and fungi, dehydrogenase activity (as a measure of total potential microbial activity), and urease and phosphatase activities were determined in earthworm casts and surrounding laterite soils planted to pineapple. The casts contained higher microbial populations and enzyme activities than the soil. Except for fungal populations, statistically significant (P = 0.05) increases were found in all other parameters. Microbial populations and enzyme activities showed similar temporal trends with higher values in spring and summer and lower values in winter. The earthworm casts contained higher amounts of N, P, K and organic C than the soil (P = 0.05). Selective feeding by earthworms on organically rich substrates, which break down during passage through the gut, is likely to be responsible for the higher microbial populations and greater enzyme activity in the casts.  相似文献