Potential of earthworms,ants, millipedes,and termites for dissemination of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

K. M. Harinikumar  D. J. Bagyaraj 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1994,18(2):115-118

We studied the effects of earthworms, termites, ants, and millipedes on the dissemination of vesciulararbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) propagules. Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.) casts collected from the garden were air-dried, stored, and examined for the presence of VAM fungi by inoculating the cast material onto onion plants grown in sterilized soil. VAM propagules survived for a period of 12 months. The results showed that earth-worms can contribute to the dissemination of VAM propagules. Nests of ants (Camponotus compressus Fabr.) collected from different locations were examined for the presence of VAM propagules. They harboured up to 790 infective propagules g^-1 of nest, showing that ants can be potential vectors in disseminating VAM fungi. The faecal pellets of the millipede (Phyllogonostreptus nigrolabiatus Newport) collected from the rearing tank were tested for VAM colonization. Though VAM propagules were present in the fresh faecal pellets, they lost their viability after 4 days of storage. Termitaria samples of both mound-building and subterranean termites were also examined for VAM propagules but those found were non-viable.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in desiccation tolerance of Dendrobaena octaedra cocoons originating from different climatic regions     

Martin Holmstrup  Volker Loeschcke 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(1):119-124

The aim of this study was to examine genetic variation in desiccation tolerance in cocoons of the parthenogenetically reproducing earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra by comparing populations originating from different geographic regions (Denmark, Norway and Finland), representing large differences in precipitation and temperature. In one experiment, the tolerance of the three populations to increasing desiccation stress in the range from 100 to 91.6% relative humidity (RH) was examined, aiming to represent ecologically relevant RH values. In a second experiment, the effect of cocoon size on desiccation tolerance was investigated at 92.3% RH in the same three populations. There were highly significant differences in desiccation tolerance between populations, indicating a high genetic differentiation of this trait in D. octaedra. Cocoons from Denmark were much more sensitive (71±14% mortality at 91.6% RH) than cocoons from Norway (21±4% mortality) and Finland (4±5% mortality). Cocoons of worms from Finland and Norway were significantly larger than cocoons produced by worms from Denmark suggesting that cocoons from Denmark lost water at a higher rate when subjected to low humidity. Assuming that slow dehydration is necessary for physiologically based protection mechanisms it may be expected that desiccation tolerance is positively correlated with cocoon size. However, within each of the populations cocoon fresh weight did not have any significant impact on desiccation tolerance. When all populations were pooled there was a significant positive effect of cocoon fresh weight on desiccation tolerance, explaining about 20% of the total variation (linear regression). It seems therefore that genetic variation of desiccation tolerance in D. octaedra cocoons is related to variation in both cocoon size and other, physiologically based tolerance mechanisms.  相似文献   

降雨冲刷造成的畜禽粪便氮磷流失规律及蚯蚓强化降解堆沤池氮磷流失控制作用研究     

尹琴  瞿广飞  黄凯  杨龙誉 《安徽农业科学》2015,(25):265-268

采用模拟装置对畜禽粪便在雨水冲刷下的氮磷流失规律进行了研究,为了试验结果可控性,采用人工降雨与模拟降雨相结合的方式,分别采集畜禽粪便堆体表层、30、50 cm处的样本.分析结果发现,降雨冲刷可导致畜禽粪便中65％的氮和55％的磷流失,且流失率主要与畜禽粪便的堆置时间和堆体高度有关,与单次降雨量关系不大.并结合流失规律开展了蚯蚓强化降解堆沤池的研究和蚯蚓生长条件的动力学优化,结果表明,堆沤池对堆体中的氮磷元素的流失有明显的控制作用.  相似文献   

蚯蚓提取物抗肿瘤作用的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

何道伟  周菲 《长江大学学报》2005,2(9):225-226,230

目的:探讨蚯蚓提取物对Eca-109细胞生长抑制作用及机制.方法:应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色分析,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡,细胞周期及检测小鼠体内肿瘤质量.结果:蚯蚓提取物成分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中,只有大、中剂量(900,450 mg·L-1)成分Ⅱ对Eca-109细胞有明显的抑制作用,300,600 mg·L-1灌胃对小鼠肿瘤有明显的抑制作用.细胞检测有凋亡细胞出现,细胞被阻滞在G0-G1期,DNA合成受阻故使肿瘤细胞受抑制,肿瘤体积缩小.结论:蚯蚓提取物成分Ⅱ对肿瘤细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,主要通过细胞凋亡和肿瘤细胞受阻于G0-G1期,使DNA合成减少.  相似文献   

普通和高温预处理下污泥蚯蚓堆肥的技术研究     

冯春  汪龙眠 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(19):8149-8152

[目的]采用直接和经高温预处理2种方式进行污泥蚯蚓堆肥,考察温度、含水率随堆肥时间的变化规律,比较2种方式的异同。[方法]通过加入不同物料(稻壳、锯末、磷矿粉、粉煤灰、菜叶、果皮)改变污泥蚯蚓的有机质配比,观察pH、有机质含量和电导率的变化。[结果]蚯蚓堆肥处理城市污泥的最适宜温度是20℃左右;蚯蚓堆肥过程中的含水率控制在55%~70%;蚯蚓堆肥原料有机质含量控制在40%~60%;采用半腐烂的菜叶和果皮调节pH,使蚯蚓和微生物在中性和偏碱性条件下生活;经高温堆肥一次发酵预处理后的蚯蚓堆肥污泥电导率始终呈下降趋势,直接蚯蚓堆肥污泥电导率呈先上升后下降。[结论]普通和高温预处理下污泥蚯蚓堆肥可行,堆肥影响因素变化各异。  相似文献   

蚯蚓粪对土壤团聚体组成和入渗过程水分运移的影响   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

吴军虎  邵凡凡  刘侠 《水土保持学报》2019,33(3):81-87

通过室内土壤团聚体组成分析试验和土柱一维垂直入渗试验,探究蚯蚓粪对土壤团聚体组成、抗水蚀稳定性以及入渗过程中水分运移特性的影响。结果表明:(1)蚯蚓粪可以有效降低土壤容重,增加0.25~2 mm粒级大团聚体的数量,分形维数D从2.84减小至2.65,减小了6.69%,显著提高了土壤团聚体抗水蚀稳定性;(2)施加比例为1/20时,可以显著增加湿润锋的运移距离,而后随着施加比例的增大,湿润锋距离有不同程度的减小,但均大于未施加蚯蚓粪的处理,且各处理下的湿润锋运移距离与入渗时间的关系均可用幂函数描述;(3)蚯蚓粪比例的增大可以显著提高累积入渗量和稳定阶段的入渗速率,当施加比例为1/3时,累积入渗量较对照组增大48.74%;其中Kostiakov-Lewis模型对入渗过程的模拟准确度最高,也更接近实测值。  相似文献   

Clone distribution of the earthworm Eiseniella tetraedra (Sav.) (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) across an altitudinal gradient on subarctic mountains of NW Europe     

Juhani Terhivuo  Anssi Saura 《Pedobiologia》2008,51(5-6):375-384

In earlier studies, we have shown that clone diversity of the parthenogenetic earthworm Eiseniella tetraedra increases from the upper reaches of rivers in northern Sweden towards their mouths. Now we survey brooks in the Scandes Mountains in the watershed between Sweden and Norway where major rivers originate. Using starch gel enzyme electrophoresis, we found 37 clones in a total catch of 379 individuals from six mountains. The most abundant clone made up 48.3% of the individuals collected. It was present on most mountains and was found at different elevations. In comparison with other clones it may represent a general-purpose genotype adapted to environmental conditions ranging from alpine through to subalpine to boreal habitats in the mountains. Diversity of clone assemblages decreased with increasing elevation. On four mountains, one to two clones were found at higher elevations. Passive downstream dispersal of E. tetraedra propagules from wider areas of the mountains was responsible for the more diverse clone pools in the lower reaches of the brooks (i.e., “small rivers behave like large ones”). Two clone groups, which deviated from the norm clone in their number of enzyme variants, were evenly distributed among different elevations. Therefore, we could not correlate genotype differences (i.e., adaptation of clones to mountain elevations). Clone pool similarities among the mountains were low on average (range 0–58%) but in a cluster of four mountains, similarities varied from 46% to 58%. Clone pool similarities between different elevations of the same mountain ranged from 27% to 83%. One mountain brook was sampled over 3 years to assess clone turnover. Only the norm clone was found in upstream habitats but it and three other clones were recorded downstream in at least 2 years. Ten clones were found once in the latter habitat as well.  相似文献   

Impact of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris on the degradation of Fusarium-infected and deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat straw     

Elisabeth Oldenburg  Susanne Kramer  Stefan Schrader  Joachim Weinert 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(12):3049-3053

When conservation tillage is practised in agriculture, plant residues remain on the soil surface for soil protection purposes. These residues should be widely decomposed within the following vegetation period as microbial plant pathogens surviving on plant litter may endanger the currently cultivated crop. Important soil-borne fungal pathogens that preferably infect small grain cereals belong to the genus Fusarium. These pathogens produce the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), a cytotoxic agent, in infected cereal organs. This toxin frequently occurs in cereal residues like straw. So far it is unclear if DON degradation is affected by members of the soil food web within decomposing processes in the soil system. For this purpose, a microcosm study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to investigate the degradation activity of the earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris when exposed to Fusarium-infected wheat straw being contaminated with DON.Highly Fusarium-infected and DON-contaminated straw seemed to be more attractive to L. terrestris because it was incorporated faster into the soil compared with straw infected and contaminated at low levels. This is supported by a greater body weight gain (exposure time 5 weeks) and smaller body weight loss (exposure time 11 weeks) of L. terrestris, respectively, when highly contaminated straw was offered for different time periods.Furthermore, L. terrestris takes part in the efficient degradation of both Fusarium biomass and DON occurring in straw in close interaction with soil microorganisms. Consequently, earthworm activity contributes to the elimination of potentially infectious plant material from the soil surface.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区城市污泥对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

申荣艳  骆永明  李振高  滕应  章钢娅 《土壤》2008,40(5):738-743

应用滤纸法和自然土壤法测定了长江三角洲地区城市污泥及其与青紫泥混合后对蚯蚓的急性致死效应及慢性毒性效应。结果表明:滤纸法测定的污泥对蚯蚓的毒性症状出现快且严重,不同污泥对蚯蚓的毒性大小差别较大,致死中浓度(LC50)相对应的污泥与水比值(Rsw-LC50)范围在0.0010～0.0242之间。在供试的城市污泥中,上海贮泥池污泥对蚯蚓的毒性最大,上海脱水污泥5对蚯蚓的毒性最小。自然土壤法测定的污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性结果为:所有处理蚯蚓死亡率均为0,各污泥处理对蚯蚓体重增长率的影响差别不大,个别污泥处理蚯蚓体重增长率比对照处理低,即对蚯蚓的体重有负增长影响。与滤纸法各处理相比,中毒症状较轻微,仅极个别中毒症状较明显。与污泥的水浸液相比,污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性大大降低。  相似文献   

Above-ground earthworm casts affect water runoff and soil erosion in Northern Vietnam   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pascal Jouquet  Pascal Podwojewski  Nicolas Bottinelli  Jérôme Mathieu  Maigualida Ricoy  Didier Orange  Toan Duc Tran  Christian Valentin 《CATENA》2008

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