英德市农村饮水安全工程设计     

林树彬  李星  周小文 《中国农村水利水电》2011,(1):89-92

英德市是广东省农村饮水安全工程的示范点,在饮水安全工程的建设过程中克服了诸多困难,取得了良好的效果,积累了不少经验。在水源点选择、管网布置、高水压处理等方面,设计人员都花费了大量时间进行调查、分析和研究,提出了适合于当地复杂条件的设计方案。对设计中遇到的问题和解决方法进行简要的总结,以供参考。  相似文献   

砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程的土壤修复效果分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

何京丽  殷丽强  郭建英  韩利兵  梁月  李锦荣  岳征文 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2013,(3):19-23

本文以砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程为研究对象,探讨沙棘生态修复工程实施对表层土壤理化性状的改良作用,初步研究结果表明：实施造林工程8年后,沙棘林地表层土壤的总孔隙度比荒坡地提高7.4%,土壤粘粒含量占49.15%,比荒地增加了75%;〉5mm的大团粒含量为43.38%,是荒地的2.99倍,有机质含量为13.92g/kg,是荒地的3.68倍;全氮、全磷、全钾的含量分别为荒地的1.72倍、1.13倍与1.36倍,有效氮、速效钾、速效磷含量分别为荒地的4.54倍、3.29倍与7.6倍。说明沙棘造林使造林区的土壤结构得到显著改善,沙棘生态修复工程的生态效益突出,可有效降低该地区降雨对土壤的侵蚀和地表径流的冲刷。  相似文献   

陕北丘陵沟壑区畜牧业发展战略研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

权松安  王继军 《水土保持研究》2000,7(2):157-160,171

通过对陕北丘陵沟壑区畜牧业现状、面临的挑战分析,提出了该区畜牧业应以生态环境建设为前提,立草为业;改革放牧为舍饲,大力发展草食肉畜;建立高效生态畜牧产业示范区,推广“公司+农户”以沼气为纽带的“五位一体”生态型塑膜温室畜牧产业化发展模式,经5～10年使草食型:精料型畜种结构调整为6:4等战略思路。  相似文献   

黄土高原水土保持对农业持续发展的作用     

代亚丽 《农业环境与发展》1999,16(3):42-44

通过大量事实分析了水土流失的危害及水土保持对农业可持续发展的作用,充分说明了水土保持是黄土高原农业走持续发展道路的可靠保证,也是改善生态环境和生产条件并防止山区水旱灾害,促进群众脱贫致富的根本途径。  相似文献   

刍议黄河下游引黄泥沙治理及发展趋势     

李会安  孙可振 《中国农村水利水电》1998,(10):4-6

在总结分析黄河下游引黄灌区近40年来泥沙处理的主要方针和泥沙公布状况的基础上,客观评价了当前及今后灌区泥沙治理环境,分析了黄河下游引黄灌区泥沙治理及分布的主要发展趋势。认为在渠首自流集中沉沙的优越条件日渐丧失的条件下,今后引黄泥沙将主要采取浑水灌溉,远距离输沙及分散沉沙的处理方式,黄河下游悬河的现状及古黄河冲积区洼地的存在为这种处理方式提供了前提。提出了结合黄河大堤淤背处理引黄泥沙的设想,开阔了泥沙治理的视野。  相似文献   

广东省典型区域农业土壤中重金属污染空间差异及原因分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

杨国义  张天彬  万洪富  罗薇  高原雪 《土壤》2007,39(3):387-392

分析了广东东翼(汕头)、西翼(湛江)和珠江三角洲(东莞、惠州、中山和顺德)等典型区域农业土壤中8种重金属(Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg)元素的含量。结果表明,578个农业土壤表层样中,有230个样品的重金属含量超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准值,超标率39.79%,Pb没有超标,Ni超标最严重;果园土比水稻土、菜园土污染严重;不同区域的土壤污染程度是珠江三角洲>东翼(汕头)>西翼(湛江),珠江三角洲的西、北江流域(中山、顺德)土壤重金属污染程度要比东江流域(东莞、惠州)严重。人为因素、成土母质和不同流域水质差异是造成广东典型区域农业土壤重金属污染的原因。  相似文献   

中国北方典型地区农用地膜污染现状调查及其防治对策   总被引：2，自引：7，他引：2  

杜晓明  徐刚  许端平  赵同科  李发生 《农业工程学报》2005,21(13):225-227

通过对我国北方典型地区的调查，初步探索了该地区土壤农膜残留量和残膜特征。研究表明，河北省典型地区温室大棚、蔬菜田和作物田的农膜土壤残留量平均分别为5.629、7.369和2.822 kg·hm^-2，黑龙江省典型地区温室大棚、蔬菜田和作物田残留量平均分别为4.169、3.682和2.430 kg·hm^-2，各采样点之间存在着较大差异，但普遍较高，均明显高于未使用农膜的对照土壤。两地区之间除作物田的土壤农膜残留量没有明显差异外，河北地区其他两类土壤中的农膜残留量水平明显高于黑龙江地区，这种差异与各地区在农事活动及农膜使用上的差异具有一定的相关性。上述两地区土壤中残留农膜尺寸基本一致，主要集中在10～15 cm之间。该文针对我国目前农膜使用情况及其污染现状，提出了相应的防治对策。  相似文献   

Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark Chiappone  Helga Dienes  Steven L. Miller 《Biological conservation》2005,121(2):221-230

The Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem supports multimillion-dollar commercial and recreational fisheries. The ecological effects caused by fishing gear that is lost when cut or broken after snagging on the bottom is a growing concern to managers and scientists. Few data exist, however, to assess the impacts of lost fishing gear to benthic organisms and habitat structure. In this study, 63 offshore coral reef and hard-bottom sites were surveyed during 2001 to quantify the impacts of lost fishing gear to coral reef sessile invertebrates. Lost hook-and-line fishing gear accounted for 87% of all debris (N=298 incidences) encountered and was responsible for 84% of the 321 documented impacts to sponges and benthic cnidarians, predominantly consisting of tissue abrasion causing partial individual or colony mortality. Branching gorgonians (Octocorallia) were the most frequently affected (56%), followed by milleporid hydrocorals (19%) and sponges (13%). Factors affecting the impacts of lost fishing gear include sessile invertebrate density, the density of lost fishing gear, and gear length. While lost hook-and-line fishing gear is ubiquitous in the Florida Keys, less than 0.2% of the available milleporid hydrocorals, stony corals, and gorgonians in the habitats studied are adversely affected in terms of colony abrasions and partial mortality.  相似文献   

Finding a needle in the haystack: Regional analysis of suitable Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) forest in Southeast Asia     

William J. McShea  Kevin Koy  Arlyne Johnson  Myint Aung 《Biological conservation》2005,125(1):101-111

For species whose decline preceded the modern era and whose distribution is in the developing world, it is difficult to map suitable habitat across its former range. Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) is an endangered cervid whose range across Southeast Asia was reduced during the last century to disjoint populations in Myanmar and Cambodia. We used ecological data from the present populations to determine landscape and habitat parameters that would help us predict the occurrence of the species in forests not yet surveyed. The suitable-forest GIS model was created using four readily available datasets for elevation, forest type, canopy closure, and human density. Comparison of the GIS model with 24 verified sightings of Eld’s deer during recent large mammal surveys in Cambodia, found 22 sightings (92%) within predicted suitable forest. Use the suitable-forest GIS model to survey a province in southern Lao People’s Democratic Republic, located a single, previously unreported population from 9 patches surveyed. In a separate analysis, a logistic regression model to predict Eld’s deer habitat in Northern Cambodia found percent tree cover, presence of wetlands, and distance to villages as the best predictors of deer, similar to variables used in the GIS model, with the exception of the importance of wetlands. Using mean annual rainfall to rank suitable-forest patches identified in the GIS model indicated dry dipterocarp forests in Northeastern Cambodia and Northern Myanmar have the highest potential to conserve eld’s deer. Examination of the suitable-forest GIS map and current protected areas indicated only Cambodia, with 11% suitable forest protected, has placed sufficient dry dipterocarp forest under protected status. Other Southeast Asia countries have not recognized dry dipterocarp forest as a significant ecotype worthy of conservation status.  相似文献   

基于粗集权重的改进可拓评价方法在灌区干旱评价中的应用   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

孙廷容  黄强  张洪波  费良军 《农业工程学报》2006,22(4):70-74

在分析了灌区干旱评价特点和目前评价方法不足的基础上，引入了基于非对称贴近度和粗集理论的改进可拓评价方法，有效避免了灌区干旱评价指标界限的纲性量化导致的遗漏问题和单项指标评价结果的矛盾性、不确定性和不相容性。与传统可拓评价方法相比，在指标权重的确定中采用经验因子协调主客观权重，克服了以往决策者过分依赖专家经验知识确定的不足。在等级评价中采用非对称贴近度原则，代替最大隶属度，有效解决最大隶属度原则的失效问题。计算实例表明，采用基于粗集权重的改进可拓评价方法进行灌区干旱评价是切实可行的。  相似文献