木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液生化指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响     

谭斅  杨大千  张海莉  姜婧  陈雁  张志刚 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(6):1506-1511

试验旨在研究小鼠急性汞中毒后血液、肝脏及肾脏的中毒表现及木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响。将28只小鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组(腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水)、木犀草素组(灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)、氯化汞组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞)和氯化汞+木犀草素组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞,灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,肌酐(CREA)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,血液白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)水平及肝脏组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,并观察肝脏、肾脏组织形态学改变。结果显示,与对照组相比,氯化汞组的血清ALT、AST活性极显著升高(P < 0.01),血清CREA、BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著增加(P < 0.05),血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH水平均显著降低(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化明显。与氯化汞组相比,氯化汞+木犀草素组的血清ALT、AST活性,CREA和BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著降低(P < 0.05);血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH含量均显著升高(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化减轻。小鼠急性汞中毒后,其中毒表现为炎症和贫血的发生及肝脏、肾脏不同程度的损伤,木犀草素可减弱急性汞中毒小鼠血液、肝脏和肾脏的毒性作用。  相似文献   

不同品种枣树对大气氟污染的抗性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

檀柔柔  邓彩萍  张志伟  刘贤谦  张利平  吴克友 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,33(2):150-153

为探明不同品种的枣树对大气氟污染的抗性差异,选用4个红枣品种为材料,比较了枣园自然发病和人工诱导两种条件下枣树对氟的抗性指数差异。研充结果表明,不同枣树品种抗性存在明显差异,无论是在污染区、清洁对照区还是诱导区,只要大气氟含量超标,4个品种抗性从强到弱均为：赞皇大枣〉木枣〉郎枣〉壶瓶枣。对枣果果肉、果皮和叶片的氟含量进行测定,结果显示同一处理区同一品种枣组织氟含量为叶片〉果皮〉果肉,同一处理区内品种间氟含量为赞皇大枣〉木枣〉郎枣〉壶瓶枣,不同处理区比较则是污染区〉诱导区〉清洁区。  相似文献   

Incidents of poisoning of honeybees (Apis mellifera) by agricultural pesticides in Great Britain 1981–1991     

P.W. Greig-Smith  H.M. Thompson  A.R. Hardy  M.H. Bew  E. Findlay  J.H. Stevenson 《Crop Protection》1994,13(8):567-581

Suspected cases of poisoning of honeybees by agricultural pesticides are investigated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (in England and Wales) and the Scottish Office Agriculture and Fisheries Department (in Scotland). Studies include field visits to sites where bee mortality is recorded, examination of dead bees for disease, and analysis for the presence of pesticide residues. This paper reviews the results of these investigations for the period 1981–1991. Pesticide poisoning is diagnosed from the detection of residues in dead bees, through interpretation in relation to the median lethal dose (LD₅₀), and ‘subsequent residue level’ (SRL) determined from laboratory studies in which bees were exposed to one LD₅₀ dose. Overall, an annual average of 50 incidents were confirmed as due to pesticide poisoning, involving 30 pesticide active ingredients during the 1981–1991 period. In England and Wales, the principal hazards were caused by misuse of the insecticide triazophos on oilseed rape, a problem that has been reduced to low levels during the 1980s, and by dimethoate use on a variety of arable crops. In Scotland there were fewer incidents, most of which were associated with use of fenitrothion on raspberries, and gamma-HCH on oilseed rape. Opportunities for reducing the risks of poisoning, and for refining the investigation of suspected incidents, are discussed.  相似文献   

湖南省洞口县第二例牛尿素中毒诊治报告          下载免费PDF全文

覃文兵 《中国牛业科学》2019,45(3):93-94

1前言湖南省洞口县第二例牛尿素中毒,制做了简易竹洞针,进行左赚部套洞针(竹洞针)穿刺术放气,灌入食醋,葡萄糖输液等抢救和治疗方案。牛场存栏328头,239头中毒,发病率72.9%,治疗239头,治愈216头,治愈率90.4%,较首例牛尿素中毒病例治愈率100%,降低9.6个百分点,瘤胃膨气病病牛128头,治愈105头,治愈率82.0%,较洞口县首例牛尿素中毒病例治愈率100%,下降18.0个百分点;并对牛瘤胃膨气病最佳抢救时间和尿素养牛正确用量用法进行了探索,供同行参考。  相似文献   

家畜钼中毒研究简史浅述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李三强  龙晶 《西北农业学报》1998,7(1):98-100

较系统地阐述了有关家钼中毒的研究。１９３８年最早报道英国流行该病,此后、美国、新西兰、瑞典、加拿大、日本等国相灵报道了有关钼中毒病的流行及研究状况。国内１９８１年报道过赣南流行“钼镉中毒综合症”。陕西省１９８８年开始对南洛河钼矿污染区流行的该病进行研究。先后进行了发病调查,运行内外环境钼含量和毒源成分分析测定以及综合防治,采用天然高钼饮水复制钼中毒试验,并进行中毒超微结构病理学及超氧化物歧化酶（Ｓ  相似文献   

Protozoan predation of Escherichia coli in hydroponic media of leafy vegetables     

Kiyoshi Sato  Yoshiyuki Taniyama  Ayami Yoshida  Kazuhiko Toyomasu  Noriko Ryuda  Daisuke Ueno 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):234-242

Multiple outbreaks of food poisoning associated with fresh vegetable consumptions have occurred in many countries. Numerous reports have described human pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp., that can internalize into fresh vegetables via root or leaf surfaces. While attempting to obtain the threshold concentration of internalization of E. coli inoculated into hydroponic medium during vegetable cultivation, we observed a rapid decrease in E. coli numbers. In the present study, we determined that the rapid decline in E. coli was not due to a physiological change into a viable but non-culturable (VNC) state. The population crash was instead caused by true bacterial death, as the rapid descent was also confirmed by micro-colony fluorescence in situ hybridization, a culture-independent method that can detect VNC cells. We next monitored the number of E. coli inoculated into intact or filter-sterilized hydroponic medium after cultivation of various types of plants. We found that the number of E. coli in intact hydroponic medium decreased markedly, whereas the level in filter-sterilized hydroponic medium was completely unchanged. This result suggests that biotic factors were present that could be eliminated by filtering. Robust predation of E. coli by protozoa (ciliates and flagellates) was observed using fluorescently labeled bacteria incorporated into the hydroponic medium. Finally, morphological identification of flagellates by scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of a species of Stramenopiles. These findings suggest the importance of protozoa as bacterial feeders in hydroponic systems and hence the use of these organisms as potential control agents of human pathogenic bacteria.  相似文献   

镉对水稻等作物的毒害作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田艳芬  史锟 《北方水稻》2003,(5):26-28

简单介绍镉对动物体的毒害机理和中毒病症。着重分析了镉对作物体的毒害,其中包括生物化学机理,对水稻和蔬菜等作物的毒害原理、程度、差异及后果。还阐明了与其他元素互作的毒害作用。从而,明确研究镉污染土壤的理论和现实意义,为防止镉进入食物链找到了有力的依据。  相似文献   

我国食品安全问题产生的原因及对策研究     

曹春丽  欧绍华  宾厚 《安徽农业科学》2015,(1):262-265

通过对统计数据分析发现,我国食品安全的现状是总体安全水平不断地提高,但形势依然严峻.在此基础上,找出造成食品安全问题的主要原因是生产者生产水平和管理水平低;管理部门监管不力和检测技术落后;消费者食品安全意识薄弱.针对以上原因,采取的对策和建议是:提高生产者的生产水平和社会责任感;完善监管体制和法律法规;提高消费者的安全意识.  相似文献   

Non-traditional vectors for paralytic shellfish poisoning   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Deeds JR  Landsberg JH  Etheridge SM  Pitcher GC  Longan SW 《Marine drugs》2008,6(2):308-348

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), due to saxitoxin and related compounds, typically results from the consumption of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish that concentrate toxins from marine dinoflagellates. In addition to these microalgal sources, saxitoxin and related compounds, referred to in this review as STXs, are also produced in freshwater cyanobacteria and have been associated with calcareous red macroalgae. STXs are transferred and bioaccumulate throughout aquatic food webs, and can be vectored to terrestrial biota, including humans. Fisheries closures and human intoxications due to STXs have been documented in several non-traditional (i.e. non-filter-feeding) vectors. These include, but are not limited to, marine gastropods, both carnivorous and grazing, crustacea, and fish that acquire STXs through toxin transfer. Often due to spatial, temporal, or a species disconnection from the primary source of STXs (bloom forming dinoflagellates), monitoring and management of such non-traditional PSP vectors has been challenging. A brief literature review is provided for filter feeding (traditional) and non-filter feeding (non-traditional) vectors of STXs with specific reference to human effects. We include several case studies pertaining to management actions to prevent PSP, as well as food poisoning incidents from STX(s) accumulation in non-traditional PSP vectors.  相似文献   

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Treatment,Prevention and Management          下载免费PDF全文

Melissa A. Friedman  Lora E. Fleming  Mercedes Fernandez  Paul Bienfang  Kathleen Schrank  Robert Dickey  Marie-Yasmine Bottein  Lorraine Backer  Ram Ayyar  Richard Weisman  Sharon Watkins  Ray Granade  Andrew Reich 《Marine drugs》2008,6(3):456-479

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world, and it causes substantial physical and functional impact. It produces a myriad of gastrointestinal, neurologic and/or cardiovascular symptoms which last days to weeks, or even months. Although there are reports of symptom amelioration with some interventions (e.g. IV mannitol), the appropriate treatment for CFP remains unclear to many physicians. We review the literature on the treatments for CFP, including randomized controlled studies and anecdotal reports. The article is intended to clarify treatment options, and provide information about management and prevention of CFP, for emergency room physicians, poison control information providers, other health care providers, and patients.  相似文献