森林旅游解说规划中的空间、信息与媒体关系模型构建——以天际岭国家森林公园为例     

罗芬  罗翊祯  李雪丽  何嘉文  曲佩宇 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(2):128-134

生态文明建设是中华民族永续发展的千年大计,要促进生态、文化和旅游的相互融合。森林旅游解说作为森林旅游过程中必不可少的传播手段,在我国生态文明建设中发挥着重要的作用。以往的文献中,多从游客角度来研究旅游解说规划,空间视角的相关文献甚少,且研究单一。旅游移动性作为旅游的本质属性,从空间视角认识旅游解说规划中的信息与媒体关系将有助于编制科学的旅游解说规划。以湖南天际岭国家森林公园为例,基于实地访谈法与内容分析法,通过对点-线-功能区-公园-区域等5个空间尺度下的80名游客解说需求与媒体偏好进行研究,构建了森林公园解说规划空间尺度、信息需求与媒体偏好概念模型,具有一定的创新性。研究发现,处于不同空间尺度下的游客对解说信息与媒体偏好存在较大的差异性,并指出游客解说信息需求呈现一定的尺度上升趋势,反之则表现不明显。  相似文献   

税收优惠政策对农业科技创新影响的研究          下载免费PDF全文

谢甜 《现代农业研究》2019,(11):146-147

我国的相关农业税收优惠政策能够对农业科技起到一定的促进作用,却对相关的研发 投入具有消减作用,对相关的人力投入的激励作用也不够明显。本文研究我国的税收优惠政策 对当前农业科技创新的重要影响,分别从促进农业企业的市场竞争力、降低农业科技创新的融 资风险、增加人才培养和引进、提供信贷优惠等方面进行探讨。  相似文献   

生物有机肥对川西北退化草地群落结构和生产性能的影响     

宋君祥  雷雄  叶明清  张惊乐  杨颖  蔡东阳  扎德 《草地学报》2019,27(5):1355-1363

为了解天然退化草地植物群落物种多样性和地上生物量对生物有机肥的响应,本试验以川西北天然退化草地（轻度退化、重度退化）为研究对象,采用完全随机试验设计,通过测定植物群落物种数、植株高度、盖度和频度以及地上生物量和牧草品质,探究生物有机肥对退化草地物种多样性及其生产性能的影响。结果表明：生物有机肥可以提高植株高度、盖度,增加草地植物群落中物种数量,改善草地植物群落结构和提高群落稳定性;有机肥使轻度退化草地牧草产量提高了2.05倍（P<0.01）、粗蛋白含量和总磷含量比对照分别增加46.32%和69.89%;使重度退化草地（沙化地）牧草产量提高1.83倍（P<0.01）,粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量分别比对照提高63.23%和22.73%,且在两种退化草地中均显著降低了中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的含量（P<0.05）,提高了牧草的适口性和消化率。  相似文献   

Soil chemical and microbiological properties in hay production systems: residual effects of contrasting N fertilization of swine lagoon effluent versus ammonium nitrate     

Kannan Iyyemperumal  James GreenJr.  Daniel W. Israel  Noah N. Ranells  Wei Shi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(3):425-434

This study characterized soil chemical and microbiological properties in hay production systems that received from 0 to 600 kg plant-available N (PAN) ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from either swine lagoon effluent (SLE) or ammonium nitrate (AN) from 1999 to 2001. The forage systems contained plots planted with bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) or endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.). In March 2004, the plots were sampled for measurements of a suite of soil chemical and microbiological properties. Nitrogen fertilization rates were significantly correlated with soil pH and K₂SO₄-extractable soil C but not with total soil C, soil C/N ratio, electrical conductivity, or Mehlich-3-extractable nutrients. Soil supplied with SLE had significantly lower Mehlich-3-extractable nutrients than the soil supplied with AN. Two indicators of soil N-supplying capacity (potentially mineralizable N and amino sugar N) varied with plant species and the type of N fertilizer. However, they generally peaked at an application rate of 200 or 400 kg PAN ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Soil microbial biomass C also peaked at an application rate of 200 or 400 kg PAN ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Nitrification potential was significantly higher in soil supplied with AN than in the unfertilized control but was similar between SLE-fertilized and unfertilized soils. Our results indicated that an application rate as high as 600 kg PAN ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ did not benefit soil microbial biomass, microbial activity, and N transformation processes in these forage systems.  相似文献   

补播禾草对退化苜蓿草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响     

王斌  杨彦军  董秀  李满有  沈笑天  曹立娟  兰剑 《草地学报》2021,29(3):618-624

针对宁夏半干旱区7龄以上苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草地退化导致的牧草产量低、品质差等问题，本试验采用单因素随机区组设计，研究了多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、披碱草(Elymus nutans)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)补播对退化草地苜蓿主要农艺性状和牧草品质的影响，并利用主成分分析方法(PCA)评价其改良效果。结果表明：补播禾草对苜蓿株高、叶茎比、一级分枝数和干草产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中，补播苇状羊茅干草产量最高，其次为多年生黑麦草和无芒雀麦；补播禾草对牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量有显著影响(P<0.05)；PCA分析得出，补播鸭茅、苇状羊茅综合性状分别排第一、二位。因此，可根据不同改良目的选择不同禾草种类进行补播，苇状羊茅可显著提高退化苜蓿草地生产性能，补播鸭茅可显著改善退化苜蓿草地牧草品质。  相似文献   

A novel negative thermotaxis behavior in rice planthoppers is regulated by TRPA1 channel     

Hualiang He  Rui Zhao  Kui Hu  Lin Qiu  Wenbing Ding  Youzhi Li 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):3003-3011

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Silage and haylage as forage in slow and fast-growing broilers – effects on performance in Campylobacter jejuni infected birds     

E. Valečková  E. Ivarsson  P. Ellström  H. Wang  K. Mogodiniyai Kasmaei  H. Wall 《British poultry science》2020,61(4):433-441

ABSTRACT

1. This study investigated the effects of daily intake of silage or haylage on broiler production performance and organ development. Furthermore, effects of daily intake of Lactobacillus plantarum either via silage or by supplemented drinking water, on Campylobacter jejuni loads in faeces were studied.

2. To test this, a 42-d experiment using Ross 308 and a 63-d experiment with Rowan Rangers hybrids, were performed. Silage inoculated with L. plantarum strain 256 and haylage were fed in total mixed rations with mixtures of 85% of pellets and 15% of respective forage (DM-based weight). Feed intake (FI), forage intake, body weight (BW) and feed conversion ration (FCR) were monitored weekly. Mortality was recorded daily, and organ weights were registered at slaughter. Quantification of C. jejuni was performed by colony counts from faecal samples after culture on agar plates.

3. There was a negative effect of haylage on BW and FI in the fast-growing Ross 308 hybrid. Silage had a negative effect on BW only on week four and six. Water inoculated with L. plantarum 256 increased BW in the starter period. Interestingly, no significant adverse effect of forage inclusion was observed in the Rowan Ranger birds.

4. Relative weight of the emptied gizzard was higher in both Ross 308 and Rowan Ranger birds fed haylage and silage than in the control group. In Ross 308 birds, both forages significantly reased the relative weight of gizzard with digestive content when compared to birds fed solely pellets.

5. In both studies, higher consumption of silage than haylage was observed.

6. In conclusion, daily intake of L. plantarum 256 either via silage or supplemented in drinking water, was not effective in reducing the shedding of C. jejuni in either Ross 308 or Rowan Ranger hybrids at the end of the rearing period.  相似文献   

Allochrony as a potential driver for reproductive isolation in adaptive radiations of European whitefish ecomorphs     

Julie Bitz-Thorsen  Katja Häkli  Shripathi Bhat  Kim Præbel 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(1):40-49

In northern Fennoscandian lakes, monophylogenetic lineages of postglacial fishes are radiating into several adaptive forms, but the speciation process is still at an incipient stage. The speciation process has received increased attention over the years, but the underlying mechanisms and drivers are still debated and poorly understood. European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus [L.]) is the most abundant fish species in these lakes and has evolved into several ecomorphs adapted to different trophic niches and habitats. Genetic divergence has been observed among these ecomorphs, but the mechanism(s) responsible for the ongoing build-up of reproductive isolation has still to be revealed. As these systems are young in evolutionary time (<10 kyr), prezygotic and postzygotic extrinsic isolation mechanisms are thought to be more likely to contribute to the reproductive isolation than intrinsic isolation mechanisms. We determined the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of three ecomorphs in two replicated lake systems and used GSI as a proxy to investigate the prezygotic isolation mechanism, allochrony, as a driving factor of divergence in this adaptive radiation of whitefish. We found that the three ecomorphs differed in GSI values within and between lakes, suggesting different spawning times of the ecomorphs. We also show that males of one ecomorph had equal onset of maturity as another ecomorph, giving novel insights into the ongoing gene flow observed between ecomorphs. The result supports allochrony as a driver for the divergence process of whitefish ecomorphs, but more evidence is still needed to rule out that the three ecomorphs make use of different spawning grounds.  相似文献   

A Review of Equine Grazing Research Methodologies     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2017

Recently, there has been a renewed interest and an increase in published research on equine grazing and pasture management. The objectives of this paper are to review equine grazing research methodologies with an aim to encourage standardized research procedures. This review highlights standard methods used in equine pasture-related research, including use of climate data and soil type; seed bed preparation and grazing management; determining forage nutritive value; defining forage maturity; tracking horse health parameters; evaluating different grazing systems; and future technologies. This review covers in-depth discussions on determining forage biomass yield, forage populations, ground cover, persistence, forage intake, and grazing behavior. Specifically, mechanical harvesting, hand clipping, rising plate meter, and falling plate meter are all methods used to determine forage biomass yield. Frequency grid, point sampling, visual assessment, Natural Resources Conservation Service pasture condition score, and the double Dominant, Abundant, Frequent, Occasional, Rare (DAFOR) scale can be used to track forage populations, ground cover, and persistence of pasture species. Three primary methods have been used when estimating horse forage intake including the difference between pre- and postgrazing herbage mass, the difference in pre- and postgrazing bodyweight, and use of digestibility and fecal output markers. Equine grazing behavior has been described by investigating preference, pre- and post-sward height, and bite and mastication rate. Awareness of key methodologies should encourage movement toward research protocol standardization that will allow for scientific comparisons and application of pasture-related research results across the horse industry.  相似文献   

Management targets for continuously stocked mixed oat × annual ryegrass pasture in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2014

Feeding livestock with cover crops can improve the efficiency and sustainability of integrated crop–livestock systems under no-till. However, no-till systems are based on permanent soil cover by organic material, so grazing livestock can compete for soil cover. Hence, managing stocking rates during the grazing period of the cultivated forage species is a key factor to assure enough herbage mass for maintaining long-term sustainable no-till systems. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine sward management targets for a continuously stocked mixed oat (Avena strigosa) × annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture in rotation with soybean in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system to determine the optimum balance between animal production and herbage mass for soil cover. The effects of sward height management on animal performance and herbage mass covers were evaluated. Treatments corresponded to four sward heights: 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, maintained throughout the experimental period through continuous stocking and variable stocking rate, plus a no-grazing control area. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Herbage mass and animal performance increased linearly with sward height, but weight gain per hectare decreased. Grazing efficiency fitted to a quadratic regression and conversion efficiency a logarithmic model. Equilibrium between grazing and conversion efficiencies was reached on swards managed at 20 cm, indicating that this sward height provided enough herbage mass to allow both animal performance and no-till crop demand for soil cover.  相似文献