转基因抗草甘膦油菜籽中草甘膦氧化还原酶基因的检测方法研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

陈家华  潘良文  沈禹飞  胡永强  陶军 《中国油料作物学报》2001,23(2):63-67

应用PCR技术，分析草某膦氧化还原酶基因（GOX）和修饰草甘膦氧化还原酶基因的核苷酸序列及表达蛋白质的氨基酸序列，建立了检测转基因抗草甘膦油菜籽中草甘膦氧化还原酶基因的技术和方法。  相似文献   

红壤不同粒径团聚体对草甘膦农药降解动力学的影响     

辛龙川  吴文雪  薛萐  付格娟  陈延华  王学霞  刘东生  杨晓梅 《中国生态农业学报》2021,29(5):910-921

草甘膦农药的大量喷施,使其在环境特别是土壤中的残留-累积风险日益突出,从团聚体粒径角度研究红壤不同粒径团聚体中草甘膦的降解动力学及其相互作用特征仍鲜有报道。基于此,本研究通过干筛筛分、室内控制培养、液质联用定量分析相结合等探究草甘膦降解残留,并进一步分析团聚体理化性质与草甘膦降解的关系。结果表明:1)不同粒径团聚体中,草甘膦残留量随降解时间不断减小,且粒径之间降解动力学差异不显著。降解半衰期为15.8～20.6 d,粒径最小的团聚体(0.25 mm)中草甘膦的降解半衰期最长,为20.6 d。草甘膦在土壤中的主要降解产物氨甲基磷酸(AMPA)的含量随着降解时间的增加而增加,且在第5d达到峰值,而后不断减小;不同粒径团聚体间AMPA含量差异显著(P0.05)。2)相关分析及主成分分析发现,草甘膦残留量与红壤团聚体中速效磷含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),而其降解产物AMPA含量与团聚体中酸性磷酸酶活性及N-乙酰氨基-β-葡萄糖苷酶活性呈显著正相关(P0.05)。团聚体粒径与草甘膦残留量间没有显著相关性,但与AMPA含量显著正相关(P0.05)。此外,草甘膦降解过程中,团聚体中有机质含量及β-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰氨基-β-葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶活性与团聚体粒径为显著负相关关系(P0.05)。由此表明:红壤不同粒径团聚体影响草甘膦降解速率,粒径最小的团聚体(0.25 mm)中草甘膦农药的降解速率最慢,但试验结束时,各粒径红壤团聚体中的草甘膦和AMPA含量均较高,可能会影响土壤健康及生态环境安全;此外,草甘膦降解与土壤磷素密切相关,后续研究需探讨磷亏缺或丰盈条件下,草甘膦农药的土壤环境特征,为后续农田草甘膦环境风险评估提供依据。  相似文献   

施用41%草甘膦异丙胺盐对桉树林土壤酶活性的影响     

笙万庆 《现代农业科技》2023,(15)

为探明使用41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂对桉树林土壤酶活性的影响，用广西国有维都林场3年生桉树林作为研究对象，随机安排8块15×15m的试验样地。2020年和2021年连续两年对其中4块样地喷施41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂清除杂草和矮灌木丛，每年喷施2次，施用时间均选择在当年的5月和9月；41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂和清水按体积1：50混合配置使用，施用量为1500L/hm2。4块对照样地采用人工除草方式，不用使用任何药物除草，其他管护方式与药物处理样地相同。2022年4月采集土壤样品，测定其土壤酶活性。结果显示：跟对照样地相比，药物处理样地各土层的过氧化氢酶活性都要低于对照样地，其中0～5cm土层是2.45mg·g-1相比对照样地的3.31mg·g-1降低了25.98%；0～5cm土层酸性磷酸酶活性是1.73mg·g-1相比对照样地的2.14mg·g-1降低了19.16%；5～10cm土层酸性磷酸酶活性是1.38mg·g-1相比对照样地1.78mg·g-1降低了22.47%；0～5cm土层纤维素酶活性是1.0mg·g-1相比对照样地的1.37mg·g-1降低了27.01%；过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶和酸性磷酸酶活性在其余土层差异不明显。药物处理样地的土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性与对照样地相比有一定程度的提高，但差异不明显。由此表明，在桉树林施用41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂进行除草，会明显降低表层土壤过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶和酸性磷酸酶活性，对林地的养分循环造成不利影响，降低土壤肥力。  相似文献   

草甘膦防除苗圃杂草效果评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张全有  任玉梅 《青海农林科技》2007,(1):71-71,73

通过应用10%草甘膦除草剂防除云杉、圆柏苗圃地杂草的效果调查,表明应用草甘膦防效高,成本低。  相似文献   

Glyphosate degradation as a soil health indicator for heavy metal polluted soils     

S.A.E. Kools  M. van Roovert  C.A.M. van Gestel  N.M. van Straalen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(7):1303-1307

Glyphosate is a commonly used herbicide in grassland soils and microorganisms control its degradation. We introduce the concept of using the degradation rate as an indicator for ecosystem health. Testing this concept, we used soils with a long history of heavy metal pollution (Cu, Pb, and Zn). We hypothesized lower degradation rates in metal-polluted compared to less polluted soils. The degradation rates were measured by repeated measurements of the parent compound in spiked soil-water slurries incubated at 20 °C over 21 days. Average rates showed no differences comparing among soils. We observed a positive correlation between glyphosate degradation rates and soil metal pollution. Therefore, we concluded that the expected impact of the metals on the bacteria responsible for the herbicide degradation was not established. We discuss the potential influence on biological degradation rates of soil pH and adsorption and implications using the concept of the soil health indicator.  相似文献   

Herbicides, weeds and endangered species: management of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) with glyphosate and impacts on the endangered shrub, Pimelea spicata     

Julie A MatarczykAnthony J Willis  John A Vranjic  Julian E Ash 《Biological conservation》2002,108(2):133-141

Environmental weed invasion threatens the biodiversity of native species. Unfortunately, managing these weeds may also affect biodiversity adversely. A recent example occurred when glyphosate, a herbicide used to control the highly invasive weed, bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata), accidentally drifted over a small population of an endangered shrub, Pimelea spicata. Following concerns that the affected population would not recover and, thereby, cause the local extinction of P. spicata, we conducted a series of glasshouse and field experiments to explore the impacts of glyphosate on this endangered species. Seedlings and young plants of P. spicata, in which the tap root was undeveloped, were killed by a single application of glyphosate. Older plants with a well developed tap root also died back initially, but about 50% of individuals re-sprouted. This re-growth was associated with a significant decrease in tap root diameter, implying that further disturbance, including repeated treatment with glyphosate, would kill plants by impairing their potential for recovery. Unlike some sclerophyllous native shrubs, the tolerance of P. spicata to glyphosate was limited, even when its growth was slowed artificially by limiting water availability. Winter applications of glyphosate to manage infestations of bitou bush will impact adversely on populations of P. spicata and may also affect the other rare and endangered species whose survival is threatened by this species, even though some natives are unaffected by the herbicide. Protecting native biodiversity from bitou bush will involve sustainable weed management that minimises impacts on non-target native species.  相似文献   

In vivo 31P and 1H HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy analysis of the unstarved Aporrectodea caliginosa (Lumbricidae)     

Delphine Bon  Véronique Gilard  Stéphane Massou  Guénola Pérès  Myriam Malet-Martino  Robert Martino  Franck Desmoulin 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,43(2):191-198

This study demonstrates that ³¹P and ¹H high resolution-magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a recently developed NMR technique, can be applied to the in vivo analysis of metabolites from an unstarved earthworm. The endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa was cut into lengths and then the different body parts (anterior, middle, posterior) with the gut content were analyzed. With the HR-MAS NMR, metabolites show well-resolved signals, whereas, with conventional NMR, spectra are highly dependent on the gut content. ³¹P HR-MAS NMR has been used to evaluate the effect of an acute exposure of the earthworm to glyphosate. Our observations support a low toxicity of the herbicide and suggest that glyphosate could be trapped in the cutaneous mucus. Earthworms could therefore play a role in horizontal dispersion and stabilization of glyphosate in the drilosphere. Phosphorylated metabolites, such as phospholombricine and lombricine, were clearly identified and their amount measured during experiments. The ¹H HR-MAS NMR method offers the opportunity to measure, on the same sample and simultaneously, both the hydrosoluble metabolites and lipids. The data on lipid location and relative succinate concentration shed light on the physiological and metabolic functions of the different body parts of the earthworm.  相似文献   

应用化学诱变法筛选抗草甘膦大豆突变株系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张俐俐  谷维  雷勃钧  吕晓波  李铁 《大豆科学》2009,28(5)

利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠,对黑龙江省大面积推广的6个农艺性状优良的大豆品种进行种子处理.不同品种按不同处理剂量分区种植,按常规法单株选择收获.不同浓度诱变剂处理大豆种子的M1代成活率均高于半致死浓度处理;对M3代35518个植株于3叶期进行喷洒1.31ai.kg·hm2草甘膦浓度鉴定,其中40株生长正常,所获抗性植株是经5 mmol·L-1叠氮化钠诱变处理的绥农10和黑农44.2008年继续对M4代进行鉴定,抗草甘膦特性可以稳定遗传.应用化学诱变法可以在后代群体中筛选到具有抗草甘膦特性的突变株系.  相似文献   

转抗虫抗草甘膦除草剂基因(Cry1Ac+EPSPS)棉的检测技术与生存竞争能力研究——基于草甘膦压力和对靶标害虫不防治环境下     

李捷  张兴华  马艳  杨兆光  乔艳艳 《江西农业学报》2013,(5):4-7,12

此研究为国家转抗虫抗草甘膦除草剂基因(Cry1Ac+EPSPS)棉环境安全评价技术建立而设。在草甘膦压力和对靶标害虫不防治环境下的检测技术,以杂交抗虫棉赣棉杂1号和非转基因棉赣棉11号为2个对照,来检测评价转抗虫抗草甘膦除草剂基因(Cry1Ac+EPSPS)棉的生存竞争能力。结果:转Cry1Ac+EPSPS棉与两个对照相比不显示抗虫优势;株高增长无竞争力;覆盖度有不显著的弱竞争力;单株成铃、单铃籽棉重、单铃皮棉重、衣分率、脱落率、籽棉产量、皮棉产量与赣棉杂1号比呈现显著或极显著的负竞争优势,与赣棉11号比无竞争优势;果枝层数前期与两对照相比有极显著的负竞争优势,后期与赣棉杂1号比无竞争优势,与赣棉11号比有显著的负竞争优势。结论:转Cry1Ac+EPSPS棉推广种植可行性较差。本项检测技术和评价方法有较好的适用性。  相似文献   

界面聚合法制备草甘膦异丙胺盐微胶囊研究     

陈佳  谢吉民  陈敏  姜德立 《安徽农业科学》2012,(27):13354-13357

[目的]探讨界面聚合法制备以脲醛树脂为壁材的草甘膦异丙胺盐微胶囊的工艺。[方法]研究了反应条件(pH、催化剂、酸化时间、乳化剂、反应时间及搅拌速度)对微胶囊粒径及其分布、微胶囊结构的影响,并测定了微胶囊的包封率、缓释性能及除草效果。[结果]在先后以氯化铵和盐酸作酸性催化剂、酸化时间4 h、终点pH 3.0、固化温度60℃、固化时间2 h、搅拌速度2 000 r/min、采用苯乙烯-马来酸酐作乳化剂的条件下,可制得包封率为92.9%、缓释效果良好、粒径分布均匀且平均粒径在1～10μm、流动性好的球型固体微胶囊。[结论]该微胶囊符合实际应用需求,为除草剂的研制提供了理论依据。  相似文献