警惕!进口大宗粮谷中频繁截获超级杂草     

华丽  陈晟  吴海荣  徐晗  胡学难  王定国  李玉霞  林小琳  黎婉芬 《杂草科学》2013,31(2)

本文介绍了超级杂草的特点、危害性、发生原因和过程,并探讨了检疫系统及相关部门为降低其传入我国风险应采取的检疫措施.  相似文献   

大豆体细胞胚的诱导及对草甘膦耐性的研究     

王萍  钟影  王罡  季静  王恩旭 《大豆科学》2012,31(1):152-154

以大豆未成熟子叶为外植体,研究合丰25、吉林35、吉育91对未成熟子叶体细胞胚诱导率的影响,并探讨3种基因型大豆未成熟子叶对草甘膦的耐性。结果表明:3种基因型的愈伤组织诱导率均为100%,体细胞胚诱导率为53.95%～72.12%,平均胚数吉育91高于其它2种基因型。3种基因型的体细胞胚诱导率在草甘膦浓度间存在差异,在大豆以未成熟子叶为受体转基因时,诱导体细胞胚胎发生的草甘膦筛选浓度为2.5～5.0 mg.L-1。  相似文献   

草甘膦对龙葵苗期生理指标的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

江海澜  王俊刚  邓小霞  何泽敏  马天文  彭俊 《西北农业学报》2011,20(6):186-189

选取生长势一致的龙葵幼苗进行5个施药剂量梯度的处理,测定其叶片中叶绿素、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量.结果表明,随着草甘膦剂量的加大龙葵幼苗叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量与对照相比均显著减少;在施药后第4天,750 g/667m2剂量下处理的幼苗可溶性糖含量比对照增加了244%,低剂量草甘膦(15 g/667m2)处理龙葵幼苗,可溶性糖含量变化不显著;经高剂量草甘膦处理后的幼苗丙二醛含量也显著增加.因此,农业生产中推荐使用750 g/667m2剂量的草甘膦防治龙葵.  相似文献   

农杆菌介导的抗草甘膦基因(sxglr-11)的玉米遗传转化   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

马云霞  王秀红  白建荣  孙毅  任志强  史向远 《山西农业科学》2009,37(6):13-16

利用根瘤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将抗草甘膦基因(sxglr-11)导入优良玉米再生系HiII,共转化幼胚1 673个,分化出再生苗67株,其中,28株移栽成活,经PCR检测13株为阳性植株,阳性率为46.4%。采用草甘膦浓度梯度筛选,确定了未转基因的对照植株的致死浓度范围为1%～2%。利用2%的草甘膦对T0转基因植株6～8叶龄苗的叶片进行涂抹,结果表明,阳性植株均具有草甘膦抗性。T1植株经2%草甘膦抗性筛选,转基因植株表现出3∶1的孟德尔分离方式。  相似文献   

草甘膦防除肇东苜蓿田菟丝子试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁英辉  穆丹  薛勇 《安徽农学通报》2009,15(18):124-125

试验选用不同剂量的草甘膦对肇东苜蓿田的杂草菟丝子进行化学防除,旨在筛选草甘膦除草剂的经济合适的剂量和使用方法。研究表明,从防除效果和安全性考虑,草甘膦水剂400mg／kg和800mg／kg的剂量处理可以有效防治肇东苜蓿田的恶性杂草菟丝子。  相似文献   

Herbicide tolerant canola systems and their impact on winter crop rotations     

R.A. Stanton  J.E. Pratley  D. Hudson  G.M. Dill 《Field Crops Research》2010

Canola is widely grown in Australia to provide diversity within winter crop rotations. Its production is heavily reliant on triazine tolerant varieties but Clearfield^® and conventional varieties are also significant components of the industry. Glyphosate tolerant varieties have been introduced, thereby providing an alternative technology to be incorporated into the farming systems. To evaluate the potential impact of the relative herbicide technologies, a comparison of herbicide tolerant canola weed management systems was undertaken at Wagga Wagga, Australia over a 5-year rotation. Near isogenic lines of conventional, glyphosate tolerant and triazine tolerant varieties were evaluated for their abilities to control annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), the most challenging weed of temperate crops in Australia. Glyphosate tolerant and triazine tolerant canola achieved high levels of ryegrass control and attained higher yields than the conventional system. Glyphosate tolerant canola provided extra control of broadleaf weeds and also achieved better seed oil levels when compared with the other canola systems. There were positive flow-on weed management benefits for the remainder of the crop sequence from the weed control achieved in the initial crop, particularly following glyphosate tolerant canola. Subsequent control of volunteer canola in all treatments was readily achieved by using paraquat/diquat. The glyphosate tolerant weed management system was more profitable than the triazine tolerant system, although no allowance was made for technology costs as they were not known at the time of study. These outcomes demonstrate the potential value of herbicide tolerant canola to Australian farmers.  相似文献   

Distribution and frequency of resistance to four herbicide modes of action in Lolium rigidum Gaud. accessions randomly collected in winter cereal fields in Spain     

Iñigo Loureiro  Enrique Rodríguez-García  Concepción Escorial  José María García-Baudín  José Luis González-Andújar  María Cristina Chueca 《Crop Protection》2010

Lolium rigidum is the most prevalent and damaging grass weed of winter cereals in Spain. L. rigidum infestations are frequently treated with herbicides and, consequently, populations have evolved resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the extent and frequency of herbicide resistance in L. rigidum populations in Spain to the selective herbicides chlortoluron, diclofop-methyl and chlorsulfuron, commonly used for its control in-crop, and to glyphosate. The response to these herbicides was evaluated on 123 accessions surveyed randomly across cereal cropping areas of the regions of Castile and León, Catalonia and Andalusia. The fresh weight and the frequency of undamaged plants were calculated for each accession and herbicide. At the regional level, higher frequencies of accessions displaying resistance occurred in Catalonia, an intensively cropped region with a greater herbicide selection pressure. Of concern is that in this region the 60% of the accessions displayed some level of resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron. The 6.9% of the accessions found in Castile and León with some resistance to glyphosate could also indicate an incipient problem of resistance to this herbicide. For the other herbicides and regions the majority of the accessions remained susceptible. The possible mechanisms of herbicide resistance development in L. rigidum accessions (target-site versus non-target-site resistance) and their variation among regions was discussed. This study can be used to generate herbicide resistance-management schemes for farmers, based upon the herbicide the site and the potential for resistance development.  相似文献   

Pre-harvest glyphosate application effects on properties of β-glucan from oat groats     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2020

Pre-harvest glyphosate is applied to cereal grains to control weed growth. However, it has been claimed that oat (Avena sativa L.) composition is affected by pre-harvest glyphosate application. The research was conducted to evaluate differences in properties of β-glucan in grains of pre-harvest glyphosate treated versus untreated oat plants. Two oat cultivars (Rockford and Souris) were grown at Minot and Prosper, ND, in 2015, and glyphosate was sprayed during the soft dough stage, hard dough stage, or not applied. β-glucan viscosity was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by treatment at soft dough (1082 cP) or mature (1166 cP) stages compared with untreated (1150 cP) controls. Applying glyphosate at the soft dough stage significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the content and solubility of the β-glucan versus untreated samples. β-glucan content and solubility in oat treated at soft dough were 4.35% and 52.1%, respectively, while in untreated samples were 4.65% and 60.6%, respectively. Treatment at soft dough and hard dough stages significantly (p < 0.05) increased weight average molecular weight (M_w) of the high molecular weight fraction of soluble β-glucan (4.4 × 10⁶ and 3.8 × 10⁶, respectively), compared with untreated controls (3.5 × 10⁶). The M_w of the low molecular weight fraction of soluble β-glucan fraction significantly (p < 0.05) increased at soft and hard dough treatments (5.5 × 10⁵ and 3.3 × 10⁵, respectively), versus untreated samples (3.0 × 10⁵). Therefore, glyphosate can be applied when the grain has reached physiological maturity or thereafter.  相似文献   

第三复叶期喷施草甘膦对转基因大豆和普通大豆生理指标的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

原向阳  郭平毅  张丽光  王鑫  姚满生  王宏富 《中国农业科学》2008,41(11):3886-3892

【目的】比较不同大豆品种经草甘膦处理后植株体内生理指标的变化,阐明转基因抗草甘膦大豆与常规大豆对草甘膦及其剂量的生理生化反应差异。【方法】采用随机区组的设计方法,在第三复叶期喷施不同剂量的41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂和10%草甘膦水剂,研究其对不同大豆品种叶片叶绿素含量指数、莽草酸含量和SOD活性等生理指标的影响。【结果】41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂和10%草甘膦水剂可以抑制抗草甘膦大豆RR1、RR2和普通大豆晋大75、晋豆27叶片的叶绿素合成,抗草甘膦大豆RR1、RR2对两种药剂的抗性高于普通大豆晋大75和晋豆27。4个大豆品种叶片的莽草酸含量随着草甘膦两种制剂剂量的增加而增加,RR1和RR2的增加趋势明显小于晋大75和晋豆27。草甘膦2种制剂对4个大豆品种叶片SOD活性的影响不大。41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂对4个大豆品种叶片莽草酸含量的影响大于10%草甘膦水剂,而对叶绿素含量和SOD活性的影响却小于10%草甘膦水剂。【结论】大豆不同品种对草甘膦的敏感程度不同,总的来说抗草甘膦大豆的抗性>普通大豆,RR1的抗性>RR2,晋豆27（晚熟）的抗性>晋大75（早熟）。在这3个生理指标中,敏感性依次为叶片莽草酸含量>叶绿素含量> SOD活性。  相似文献   

草甘膦对云杉苗床杂草的防除效果     

黄生福  王建风 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(26):12602-12602

[目的]研究草甘膦在云杉苗圃地的除草效果。[方法]用10％草甘膦水剂的25、50、100倍液对云杉苗床进行灭草试验,比较不同处理的除草效果。[结果]用药3d后,部分杂草开始变黄、枯萎;喷药后5、15、30,45d各处理总体防效分别为18．3％～51．4％、91．2％～94．6％、62．9％～74．1％和16．6％～40．2％;喷药后5d各处理对杂草的防效差异显著,喷药后15、30d各处理对杂草的防效差异不显著,喷药后15d防效最好;草甘膦25倍液的前期除草效果好于50、100倍液,灭草率在91．2％以上,且对苗木生长无影响。[结论]草甘膦25倍液的除草效果最佳。  相似文献