草甘膦与百草枯及其混剂对三叶草生理生化的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王学贵  姚建明  张洋  赖先文  沈洁  张敏 《西南农业学报》2010,23(2)

为研究草甘膦与百草枯复配剂防除三叶草中表现出的拮抗作用的机理,本试验用95%草甘膦、30.5%百草枯及其混剂为供试药剂对三叶草进行处理,采用分光光度法测定了药剂对三叶草的根系活力、叶片电导率、氧自由基产生速率、茎叶莽草酸含量等生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,草甘膦与百草枯混剂(4∶1,有效成分质量比)对三叶草的根系活力、叶片电导率、氧自由基产生速率、茎叶莽草酸含量的影响表现出明显的拮抗作用,其中对氧自由基产生速率的影响拮抗作用最强,其实际抑制率与理论抑制率的百分比M为-169.58。因此,在农业生产中切忌将草甘膦与百草枯混用防除田间杂草。  相似文献   

草甘膦除草剂在山地核桃园的除草试验     

李留振  苏百童  曹书娟  李运忠  徐涛 《林业科技》2010,35(4):28-30

在核桃园杂草生长高峰期6-7月，喷施浓度为3．0～3．5g／L的草甘膦防除效果明显，达93．3％～100％。草甘膦不仅能防除1年杂草，而且可控制杂草2—3年内不蔓延，起到免耕作用。在除草后的地块撒播绿肥，出苗快、保存率较高、生长快。  相似文献   

草甘膦对麦田休闲期难除杂草大蓟的防除   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

亢秀丽  朱晋云  许玉娟 《山西农业科学》2008,36(10)

大蓟是晋南麦区难以治理的恶性杂草。选用灭生性除草剂草甘膦可有效作用于植物地上及地下部分,对大蓟株防效达到96.8%,总防效达到84.35%,优于对照药剂。生产上建议用草甘膦对麦田休闲期大蓟等恶性杂草进行有效治理。  相似文献   

A field assessment of the role of selective herbicides in the restoration of British moorland dominated by Molinia     

Anna L Milligan  Phillip D Putwain 《Biological conservation》2003,109(3):369-379

Upland heather moors are high priority biotopes for conservation in Britain, but are under threat from a number of sources. One such threat is a change from a vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs, mainly Calluna vulgaris, to a grassland dominated by Molinia caerulea. Restoration of a dwarf shrub community has proved problematic with studies showing that herbicide use may be necessary to control Molinia. Previously the non-selective herbicide, glyphosate, has been recommended, but this herbicide may damage Calluna and other moorland species severely. Here, we tested a range of selective herbicides (graminicides) for use in an herbicide-based conservation strategy under field conditions. Two selective herbicides, propaquizafop and quizalofop-ethyl, gave a short-term check to Molinia and another, cycloxydim, provided a reduction for at least 1 year, but this effect disappeared after 3 years. Damage to Calluna was less than that caused by glyphosate, and the selective herbicides had little effect on other moorland species present. Our findings suggest that selective herbicides have a potential role in reducing Molinia during moorland restoration, although follow-up applications, and appropriate moorland management, will also be needed.  相似文献   

除草剂草甘膦在几种土壤和矿物上的吸附研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王玉军  周东美  孙瑞娟  陈怀满  郝秀珍  仓龙 《土壤学报》2006,43(5):780-785

通过批平衡实验考察了草甘膦在几种性质不同土壤和矿物上的吸附行为。研究发现土壤对草甘膦有较强的吸附能力，草甘膦在土壤上吸附量的大小与土壤理化性质密切相关。草甘膦在土壤和矿物上的吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程，其在土壤上的吸附常数K与土壤粘粒含量呈正相关，并随土壤氧化铁和氧化铝含量增加而增加，而与土壤的pH呈显著负相关。草甘膦在高岭石上的吸附量要比在蒙脱石上大，而草甘膦在金属离子饱和的蒙脱石和高岭石上的吸附研究结果表明，草甘膦在钠、钙、铁离子饱和的矿物上的吸附能力依次为Fe-蒙脱石〉Ca-蒙脱石〉Na-蒙脱石和Fe-高岭石〉Ca-高岭石〉Na-高岭石。  相似文献   

Herbicide effects on soil arthropod dynamics and wheat straw decomposition in a North Carolina no-tillage agroecosystem     

G. J. House  A. D. Worsham  T. J. Sheets  R. E. Stinner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,4(3):109-114

Summary Herbicide combinations of paraquat, glyphosate, alachlor, linuron, fluazifopbutyl, aciflurofen, and bentazon were investigated for their impact on soil arthropod population dynamics and surface wheat straw decomposition (weight loss) within a North Carolina coastal plain agroecosystem. Herbicides were applied twice (preemergence and mid-bloom) at recommended field rates to soybeans no-till planted into wheat residue. Separate measurements were made for surface crop residue and soil-dwelling (0–3 cm depth) arthropods. Decomposition of herbicide (glyphosate) and nonherbicide-treated wheat straw residue was compared using mesh bag techniques. Decay rate constants were estimated for glyphosate and nonherbicide-treated wheat straw residue by fitting a two-component model to the data. Comparison of soil microarthropod numbers from herbicide and nonherbicide treatments showed no consistent trend, suggesting that abiotic factors such as soil temperature and moisture were probably more significant than herbicide effects in regulating soil microarthropod number and activity. Herbicides had no effect on soil macroarthropod number or activity until late in the season when macroarthropods were most abundant under weedy, no-tillage conditions. Moist soil and litter, low soil temperature, floral diversity, and high weed-seed availability probably enhanced macroarthropod numbers in nonherbicide treatments. Decomposition (ash-free weight loss) of nonherbicided, surface crop residues was more rapid than herbicide (glyphosate) treated, indicating that herbicide effects occur at the decomposer as well as producer level of agroecosystems.Paper No. 9957 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7601, USA  相似文献   

免耕播种紫花苜蓿更新割草地的效果   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

耿文诚  马兴跃 《草业科学》1999,16(2):16-19

用草甘膦清除割草地中扁穗雀等杂草后免耕播种与常规耕耙后播各紫花苜蓿的效果及效益比较分析，认为前者比后者成本低，效果好，前者观测结果极其与后者的比例为，播种牧草上对重量８０．８０％，高３．６倍，紫花苜蓿优势度６９．８３％，高３．１倍，植被率９７．１０％，高１．４倍，地面处理及播种所需成本为２４０元／ｈｍ＾２低３．１倍。  相似文献   

草甘膦铵盐可溶性粒剂防除柑桔园杂草药效试验     

陈勇  林友豪  曾鹏程  黄炳球 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(9)

针对南方果园杂草进行了75.7%草甘膦铵盐SG一年大田药效实验。75.7%草甘膦铵盐SG(Glyphosate)是由浙江龙游绿得农药化工有限公司研发和生产。试验于2005年7月在华南农业大学柑橘园进行,采用每公顷有效用量分别为1135.5、1704.0、2271.0、3406.5g(ai)的4个处理,对照药剂75.7%飞达草甘膦SG(市售)处理为1704.0g(ai)/hm2,另设空白对照,共六个处理,每个处理4个重复。小区面积30m2,试验采用随机区组。试验结果表明:各个处理杂草防效均达到97%以上,并且在试验所选用的4个剂量中,以处理药剂为3406.5g(ai)/hm2时除草效果最好;药后15d即达到杀草高峰;灭草谱广,75.7%草甘膦铵盐SG能够迅速有效地灭除禾本科、菊科、苋科中绝大部分杂草,仅发现对鸭跖草和火炭母效果不理想;试验期间柑桔生长正常。  相似文献   

草甘膦除草剂在幼林地除草试验初报     

冯随起 《福建林业科技》2001,(Z1)

应用 10 %草甘膦水剂进行杉阔混交幼林地除草试验表明 :除草效果在一定程度上随着草甘膦浓度的增大而提高 ,一般 6 6 7m2 施用 10 %草甘膦 1 5kg便可达到除草目的 ;草甘膦对白茅、山麻及大部分禾本科杂草有较好的杀除作用 ,对小刚竹、白背叶、多年生灌木杀除效果不很明显  相似文献   

Broadleaved weed control in wide-row soybean (Glycine max) using conventional and glyphosate herbicide programmes     

Jason K. Norsworthy   《Crop Protection》2004,23(12):721-1235

A field study was conducted in 2001 and 2002 at Blackville, SC, to evaluate broadleaved weed control and economics of conventional and glyphosate-containing herbicide programmes in glyphosate-resistant soybean planted in 97-cm-wide rows. Treatments included chlorimuron plus sulfentrazone or chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied pre-emergence followed by post-emergence applications of lactofen or glyphosate 4 wk after soybean emergence (WAE). Other treatments were glyphosate applied 4 WAE, sequential applications of low dose glyphosate applied 2 and 4 WAE, and a non-treated control. Pre-emergence herbicides followed by glyphosate, controlled Ipomoea lacunosa L. 8 WAE. I. hederacea var. integriuscula Gray control with pre-emergence herbicides followed by glyphosate was 100% with similar control from chlorimuron plus sulfentrazone followed by lactofen, whereas control following the single glyphosate application was 84%. Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. control 9 WAE was 100% following single or sequential glyphosate applications, while control ranged from 76% to 96% with pre-emergence herbicides followed by lactofen. However, early season weed interference when a single application of glyphosate was delayed until 4 WAE reduced soybean yields an average of 389 kg/ha compared to pre-emergence herbicides followed by glyphosate. Based on mean contrasts, pre-emergence herbicides followed by glyphosate had greater gross profit margins than a single glyphosate application alone, but were similar to sequential glyphosate applications. Gross profit margins from pre-emergence herbicides followed by lactofen were not different from glyphosate alone.  相似文献