放牧率和放牧时期对绵羊排粪量、采食量和干物质消化率关系的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

汪诗平  李永宏 《动物营养学报》1997,(1)

实验研究表明，绵羊在同一放牧时期，随着放牧率的增大，鲜粪量有所减少，粪中干物质含量有所增大，但只有处理1．33羊／hm2·138天与6．67羊／hm2·138天问存在显著性差异。在同一放牧率条件下，不同放牧时期相比，以8月份粪中干物质含量最低；在各种处理之间，放牧绵羊全天干粪量均无显著性的差异。在同一放牧时期，随着放牧率的增大日采食量显著减少，而同一放牧率不同放牧时期的日采食量保持相对稳定。粪便的干重与干物质采食量的关系很小，与干物质消化率呈负相关。放牧绵羊白天排粪量为晚上的2倍，但粪中干物质含量几乎没有差异，同时，不同放牧率和不同放牧时期对粪便的颜色和形状等均有较明显的影响。  相似文献   

披碱草与羊草混播改良草地技术研究     

王明泽  周淑丽  任翠梅  郭丽  叶富省 《黑龙江农业科学》2008,(2):82-83

通过披碱草与羊草混播进行草地改良,播种当年产草量为1200kg·hm^-2,植被覆盖度达70％。第二年产草量为3750kg·hm^-2,植被覆盖度达80％。第三年产草量为4500kg·hm^-2,植被覆盖度达90％。是防止苏打盐碱土草原退化的有效措施。  相似文献   

放牧补饲对肉用犊牛生长发育与经济效益的影响     

周振勇  李红波  闫向民  杜玮  张金山  卡德尔  张杨 《安徽农业科学》2016,(10):140-143

[目的]研究在放牧补饲条件下不同品种肉牛的早期生长发育与经济效益。[方法]选择3月龄断奶新褐杂牛(新疆褐牛与本地牛)、安杂牛(安格斯与本地牛)、荷斯坦牛、土种牛31头,按品种分组开展夏草场放牧补饲试验。[结果]安杂牛、荷斯坦牛、新褐杂牛和土种牛补饲日增重分别为0.51、0.55、0.56、0.25 kg/d,安杂牛、荷斯坦牛、新褐杂牛的日增重与土种牛相比差异极显著(P0.01)。新褐杂牛、荷斯坦牛、安杂牛的放牧补饲效果较土种牛好,新褐杂牛、荷斯坦牛、安杂牛和土种牛的投入产出比分别为1∶2.32、1∶2.29、1∶2.12和1∶1.02,放牧补饲经济效益明显。[结论]早期断奶对后期放牧补饲肉牛的生长发育具有促进作用。  相似文献   

呼伦贝尔露天煤矿堆土场外围牧场土壤的重金属污染评价     

杨晓刚  胡冰  庄洋  包蕾  乌仁其其格 《贵州农业科学》2016,(9):152-156

为露天煤矿矿区的土壤改良与修复提供依据,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法与Hakanson潜在生态指数法相结合对呼伦贝尔市东明露天煤矿堆土场外围东南侧牧场土壤Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg等7种重金属的含量特征、污染程度与潜在生态风险进行研究,同时运用相关分析及主成分分析探讨牧场土壤重金属的主要来源。结果表明:牧场土壤7种重金属含量与国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618—1995)二级标准相比均未超过规定限值,与内蒙古土壤重金属背景值相比,Zn和Pb的含量均超标,超标率为5.56%和83.33%。牧场土壤7种重金属的单项污染指数均1,土壤污染等级为清洁;综合污染指数0.7,土壤污染等级为安全。Cd的潜在生态危害系数平均值为53.04(40),呈中等生态危害程度,其他金属均为低生态危害程度;7种重金属综合潜在生态危害指数平均为86.43(90),呈轻微生态危害程度。主要贡献因子是Cd。Cu、Zn、Cd与Pb及As与Hg具有相同来源的可能性大,Cr具有单独的污染来源。  相似文献   

西藏地区不同牧草体外发酵特性研究     

李斌  陈亮  巴桑珠扎  奥斯曼  周传社 《动物营养学报》2016,(6):1804-1813

本文旨在利用体外产气法评定西藏地区不同牧草营养价值。选取西藏地区5种常见牧草,通过单因素试验设计,利用体外产气法评定5种牧草体外发酵48 h累积产气量、理论最大产气量(V_f)、初始产气速率(FRD_0)、达到最大产气量一半时所需时间(t_(0.5))、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)、体外中性洗涤纤维消失率(IVNDFD)、p H、氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产量。结果表明,体外发酵48 h后,苇状羊茅体外48 h累积产气量、V_f、FRD_0、IVDMD及甲烷(CH_4)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总VFA产量均显著高于其他4种牧草(P0.05),但其体外发酵p H及乙酸/丙酸显著低于其他4种牧草(P0.05);紫花苜蓿体外NH_3-N浓度最高,显著高于其他4种牧草(P0.05)。综上分析,苇状羊茅体外发酵效果最佳,与其他试验牧草相比,更容易被瘤胃微生物降解利用。  相似文献   

Nitrous oxide fluxes and denitrification sensitivity to temperature in Irish pasture soils     

M. Abdalla  M. Jones  P. Smith  M. Williams 《Soil Use and Management》2009,25(4):376-388

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from grazed pastures constitute approximately 28% of total global anthropogenic N₂O emissions. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of inorganic N fertilizer application on fluxes of N₂O, quantify the emission factors (EFs) for a sandy loam soil which is typical of large areas in Ireland and to investigate denitrification sensitivity to temperature. Nitrous oxide flux measurements from a cut and grazed pasture field for 1 year and denitrification laboratory incubation were carried out. The soil pH was 7.3 and had a mean organic C and N content at 0–20 cm of 44.1 and 4.4 g/kg dry weight, respectively. The highest observed peaks of N₂O fluxes of 67 and 38.7 g N₂O‐N per hectare per day were associated with times of application of inorganic N fertilizer. Annual fluxes of N₂O from control and fertilized treatments were 1 and 2.4 kg N₂O‐N per hectare, respectively. Approximately 63% of the annual flux was associated with N fertilizer application. Multiple regression analysis revealed that soil nitrate and the interaction between soil nitrate and soil water content were the main factors controlling N₂O flux from the soil. The derived EF of 0.83% was approximately 66% of the IPCC default EF value of 1.25% as used by the Irish EPA to estimate greenhouse gases (GHGs) in Ireland. The IPCC‐revised EF value is 0.9%. A highly significant exponential regression (r² = 0.98) was found between denitrification and incubation temperature. The calculated Q₁₀ ranged from 4.4 to 6.2 for a temperature range of 10–25 °C and the activation energy was 47 kJ/mol. Our results show that denitrification is very sensitive to increasing temperature, suggesting that future global warming could lead to a significant increase in soil denitrification and consequently N₂O fluxes from soils.  相似文献   

Palatability of tannin-rich sericea lespedeza fed to broilers     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2012,21(4):891-896

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Management options to decrease phosphorus and sediment losses from irrigated cropland grazed by cattle and sheep     

R. W. McDowell  & D. J. Houlbrooke 《Soil Use and Management》2009,25(3):224-233

In southern New Zealand, grazing of forage crops is common practice to satisfy feed requirements of animals in winter when pasture growth is limited. This practice has been shown to cause soil physical damage and increased loss of surface water contaminants sediment and phosphorus (P) to water bodies. Strategies to mitigate the loss of sediment and P were trialled on a Pallic soil type (Aeric Fragiaquept) in the North Otago Rolling Downlands of New Zealand. All sites were irrigated and measurements were made of losses in overland and sub‐surface flow from intensive cattle or sheep grazed, winter forage crops, and sheep grazed pasture. Two mitigations (restricted grazing of crop to three hours and the application of aluminium sulphate) were assessed for their potential to decrease contaminant loss from cropland. Volumes of surface runoff and loss of total P, filterable reactive P and sediment showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the control treatments (i.e. no mitigation) with cattle crop (88 mm surface runoff) > sheep crop (67 mm) > sheep pasture (33 mm). The contribution of irrigation water to overland flow water, as a result of saturation‐excess conditions, varied between treatments with more loss under cattle crop (20% of total) compared with sheep crop (15%) and sheep pasture (11%). These differences are probably an effect of soil physical condition and highlight the importance of accurate irrigation scheduling to keep soil moisture below field capacity. Restricted winter grazing and alum application after grazing significantly (P < 0.05) decreased P losses in surface runoff under cattle (from 1.4 to 0.9 kg P/ha) and sheep (from 1.0 to 0.7 kg/P/ha) grazed crop plots by about 30%. In cattle grazed plots, restricted grazing also decreased suspended sediments (SS) by 60%. The use of restricted grazing is suggested as a means of decreasing P and SS loss from grazed winter forage crops. The use of alum shows some promise for decreasing P losses, but requires further work to determine its long‐term effectiveness and use in other soils and management regimes.  相似文献   

不同补饲水平对盘江黄牛放牧育肥效果的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何光中  王华  艾方林  罗启华  艾显琼  周培红  李光友  杨兴刚 《中国牛业科学》2001,27(1):16-18

选用60头盘江黄牛公牛,随机分为4个组(其中3个试验组1个对照组),在放牧情况下分别按每头每日2.0、2.5、3.0、0kg的水平补饲料料,90d的育肥结果表明：补饲组的增重水平和育肥效益,明显优于不补饲组,其中以补饲2.5kg组的效果最好,其日增重达到0.783kg,比对照组的0.231kg提高239%;育肥收入和日均收入分别为218.79元和2.43元,比对照组的145.53元和1.62元增加收入33.6%,表明放牧补饲能提高日增重,缩短养牛时间,增加养牛收。  相似文献   

用钙电极测定牧草中钙含量的方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘福林 《草业科学》1996,13(6):24-25

用钙电极测定禾本科牧草中钙含量的方法，回收率１００．０２％－９７．３８％，用高酸钾法的ＥＤＴＡ法与钙电极法作比较试验，结果非常满意。  相似文献