A Case of Equine Aspergillosis: A Novel Sampling Procedure for Diagnosis     

Claudia Cafarchia  Romina ParadiesLuciana A. Figueredo  DVM  MSc  Barbara PadalinoMaria Fiorella Greco  DVM  PhD  Grazia GrecoDomenico Otranto  DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Aspergillus spp. may induce equine respiratory infections such as fungal pneumonia, guttural pouch mycosis, and systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals. This study describes a case of probable respiratory aspergillosis in a horse presenting clinical signs of the upper airway disease different from those previously reported. Nasopharyngeal swabs and guttural pouch centesis were performed, and Aspergillus flavus was isolated and identified. Following 30 days of pharmaceutical treatment with itraconazole, clinical signs resolved. Results suggested that aspergillosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of upper airway infections, guttural pouch centesis may be useful to make a correct diagnosis, and itraconazole is efficacious in the treatment of A flavus infection.  相似文献   

Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse     

John Schumacher  Jim Schumacher  R. Wilhite 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(6):664-667

Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.  相似文献   

IMAGING BASILAR SKULL FRACTURES IN THE HORSE: A REVIEW     

Oscar  Ramirez III  DVM  Joan S.  Jorgensen  DVM  Donald E.  Thrall  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1998,39(5):391-395

Due to the complex nature of the anatomy of the equine head, superimposition of numerous structures, and poor soft tissue differentiation, radiography may be of limited value in the diagnosis of basilar skull fractures. However, in many horses radiographic changes such as soft tissue opacification of the guttural pouch region, irregular bone margination at the sphenoccipital line, attenuation of the nasopharynx, ventral displacement of the dorsal pharyngeal wall and the presence of irregularly shaped bone fragments in the region of the guttural pouches are suggestive of a fracture of the skull base. These findings in conjunction with physical examination findings and historical information may lead to a presumptive diagnosis of a fracture. When available and when the patient will accommodate the equipment, computed tomography may give a definitive diagnosis owing to its superior resolution and differentiation of soft tissue structures.  相似文献   

Severe upper airway damage caused by iodine administration into the guttural pouches of a pony     

C. E. Sherlock  F. L. Hawkins  T. S. Mair 《Equine Veterinary Education》2007,19(10):515-520

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Laser fenestration of the mesial septum for treatment of guttural pouch chondroids in a pony     

Gehlen H  Ohnesorge B 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(4):383-386

OBJECTIVE: To describe removal of guttural pouch chondroids through a laser fenestrated mesial septum in a pony with an obstructed pharyngeal ostium of the left guttural pouch. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS: Pony. METHODS: Transendoscopic laser neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) fenestration of the mesial guttural pouch septum was made by contact method (bare fiber, 15-25 W, exposure time 4 seconds). Dissected tissue was removed by transendoscopic monopolar electrosurgery (loop electrode, cutting blade) and multiple chondroids of varying size were removed from the left guttural pouch through the fenestration. RESULTS: After removing all chondroids and repeated flushing of the left guttural pouch via the right side, inflammation of the guttural pouch membranes decreased remarkably. The pony was discharged with instructions for transendoscopic lavage once weekly and was reevaluated at 2 months. A permanent septal fenestration was observed and the pony was free of abnormal clinical signs and being used for carriage driving competitions. CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG laser fenestration of the mesial septum is an approach for access to guttural pouch chondroids. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When guttural pouch empyema and/or chondroids is associated with adhesion of the pharyngeal ostium, laser fenestration of the mesial septum from the opposite guttural pouch should be considered as an alternative approach for access, rather than classic external surgical approaches.  相似文献   

Functional anatomy observations of the pharyngeal orificeof the equine guttural pouch (Auditory tube diverticulum)     

K. Baptiste 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1997,153(3):311-319

The pharyngeal orifice of the equine auditory tube has not been adequately described. Its larger size andposition, further rostral within the nasopharynx compared with other species, cannot be easily explained, but could be important for the proposed brain-cooling function of the guttural pouches; however, unlike other species, it may not be the sole regulator of auditory tube aeration. A ‘second orifice’ (representing the final entrance to the auditory tube diverticulum) deserves recognition in performing a role in air exchange between the auditory tube, diverticulum and middle ear. The results of this investigation suggest that regular guttural pouch ventilation during resting respiration does not occur. Previous reports may reflect, at least in part, a misinterpretation of air pressure measurements within the guttural pouches and nasopharynx. Small decreases in simulated inspiratory pressure consistently caused the passive opening of both the pharyngeal orifice and pouch ostium in horse cadavers suggesting that an active counter process may exist in the live horse to maintain closure of the guttural pouch openings during rest and light exercise. Intrinsic tone of the stylopharyngeus and pterygopharyngeus muscles may be part of this active process. The investigation offers theoretical evidence that opening of the equine auditory tubes to ventilate the guttural pouch occurs in two different ways, active and passive. The active process has two stages: (1) opening of the pharyngeal orifices by simultaneous contractions of the levator and tensor veli palatini, and pterygopharyngeus muscles; then (2) opening of the pouchostia by contractions of dorsal portions of the palatopharyngeus muscles. The alternative passive route involves reduction in tone of the stylopharyngeus and pterygopharyngeus muscles accompanied by increased inspiratory pressure.  相似文献   

Topographical Anatomy, Computed Tomography, and Surgical Approach of the Guttural Pouches of the Donkey     

M.A.M. Alsafy PhD  M.H. El-Kammar PhD  S.A.A. El-Gendy PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2008,28(4):215-222

The guttural pouches of the donkey are a pair of pouches located dorsoposteriorly to the posterior pharynx. The pouches have a close contact rostrally with the sphenoid bone, ventrally with the pharynx and esophagus, and caudally with the atlantoaxial joint. The left and right guttural pouches have almost the same capacity. In this study, topographic anatomy, computed tomography (CT) examination, and a surgical approach were carried out in the heads of donkeys. Results of the CT examination, transverse and sagittal sections of the heads, revealed that the donkeys possessed large, symmetrical guttural pouches incompletely divided into medial and lateral compartments by the stylohyoid bone. Moreover, the right and left guttural pouches met each other at the median part to form a thin membranous septum. As CT sections approached the occipital condyle, the lateral compartment disappeared and the medial compartment gradually became smaller toward the base of the skull. Two cadaver heads were examined to assess the anatomic limits of the surgical approach and whether vital structures might be damaged. Direct access to the lateral compartment was performed using a modified Garm's technique, whereas direct access to the medial compartment was gained through Viborg's triangle.  相似文献   

Guttural pouch empyema caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a pregnant mare          下载免费PDF全文

P. DeLoache  D. Whelchel  R. Beetz  J. Carter  A. Eichelberger  N. Pusterla 《Equine Veterinary Education》2018,30(2):76-79

During medical management of mild colic in a 12‐year‐old Quarter Horse, mid‐gestation mare, unilateral purulent nasal discharge from the right nostril was noted. Endoscopic examination revealed guttural pouch empyema. Culture was positive for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and negative for Streptococcus equi ssp. equi. A synergistic haemolysis inhibition titre of 1024 was consistent with C. pseudotuberculosis infection. Treatment included serial lavages and local infusion of antibiotics into the guttural pouches along with a 6‐week course of oral trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin. Overall, no additional sites of infection were identified and the mare responded well to treatment, delivering a healthy, full‐term foal. This case emphasises that C. pseudotuberculosis, although uncommon, should be considered as a differential for guttural pouch empyema.  相似文献   

软包装糖醋大球盖菇罐头的研制     

孙兴荣 《黑龙江农业科学》2014,(4):101-104

为探究大球盖菇罐头加工的有效方法,以大球盖菇为原料,经切片、护色、硬化、调味、杀菌等工艺,研制出酸甜可口、菌味浓郁的大球盖菇软罐头,并对加工过程中罐头汤汁的配料用量进行优化。结果表明:汤汁的最佳配方为白糖添加40%,白醋添加30%,柠檬酸添加0.5%,食盐添加2.2%,罐头的最适杀菌条件为100℃,20min。  相似文献   

利用相似理论实现植物根系参数的动态预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

钟南  廖红  严小龙 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,33(10):89-93

应用特殊设计的营养袋纸培系统试验方法,对大豆根系的生长过程进行了研究。结果表明,大豆根系在营养袋纸培系统中的生长曲线呈S形;该方法在一定程度上可模拟植物根系的实际生长过程。此外,利用相似理论获得了实际根系生长过程中的各根构型参数。  相似文献