区域畜禽养殖环境承载力评价及预警研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

豆志杰  钟明艳  孟飒 《中国农机化学报》2021,42(12):214

基于产业生态经济系统视角,从经济、社会、自然角度综合考虑,选取发展类和限制类指标构建区域畜禽养殖环境承载力评价指标体系,运用系统分析模型测算2010—2019年吉林省各区域畜禽养殖环境承载力,并用灰色预测模型GM（1,1）预测2020—2029年吉林省各地区畜禽养殖环境承载力情况。结果发现,在自然状态下,未来10年省域范围内整体畜禽养殖环境承载力不容乐观。9个行政区域中吉林、四平、通化、白城、松原5个地区将发展成畜禽养殖环境系统承载力薄弱地区,畜禽产业环境压力逐渐显化,建议缩减养殖数量和规模,尽快进行产业转移和生态修复,并考虑走生态产业化道路;延边、长春、白山3个地区将发展为畜禽环境承载力乐观区域,辽源地区则为畜禽养殖环境承载力较为乐观区域,在维持现有畜禽养殖模式的同时,加强生态环境保护,适度开展可持续性畜禽产业发展活动。区域畜禽养殖业发展必须在环境系统承载力约束下探索耦合、协同和可持续发展的道路。 关键词：畜禽养殖;灰色预测模型;系统分析模型;环境承载力  相似文献   

人工湿地去除畜禽养殖废水污染物研究进展     

张燕  伏春燕  阎佩佩  李新华  董红云  吴家强  阎百兴  石天虹  刘雪兰 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(4):192-200

为研究人工湿地在畜禽养殖废水中处理污染物的现状,以“人工湿地”、“畜禽养殖废水或污水”、“畜禽养殖污染”、“营养物质”、“重金属”、“抗生素”和“抗生素基因”等为关键词,搜索ISI web of knowledge、SpringerLink、中国知网、万方数据库等数据库,对2007—2020年发表的相关文献进行归纳和分析。结果表明:1)人工湿地能有效去除畜禽养殖废水中营养物质、重金属、抗生素及ARGs等;2)人工湿地在畜禽养殖废水中的应用尚处于发展阶段,且具有较可观的应用前景,但其去除污染物的机理仍需要深入探;3)研究发现人工湿地综合去除畜禽养殖废水中的污染物能力以及评价人工湿地运行效能是今后的研究发展方向。本研究可为人工湿地处理畜禽养殖废水提供理论参考。  相似文献   

新冠疫情对消费者购买渠道选择的冲击     

刘灵芝  石梦微  肖邦明 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(7):272-284

为探究新冠疫情对消费者畜禽产品购买偏好的影响,本研究运用选择实验的方法,基于网络问卷形式获得湖北武汉、河南郑州、湖南长沙、浙江杭州4个城市934位消费者行为数据,采用混合logit模型进行数据分析。结果表明:从区域上看,不同区域消费者对线上渠道偏好存在差异,相对于轻度疫情区域,重度疫情区域的消费者对线上渠道偏好显著,对时间成本负向偏好明显,且对各属性的支付意愿均较高;从产品上看,消费者对不同产品的支付意愿存在差异,对具有品牌属性的产品支付意愿最高,可追溯信息属性次之,且同一区域内猪肉的支付意愿高于鸡肉。因此,畜禽产品零售企业应促进线上线下协同发力,提高效率吸引消费者;加强与完善可追溯畜禽产品的品牌建设;合理细分产品和区域,逐步拓展可追溯产品市场。  相似文献   

病死畜禽无害化处理技术研究与资源化利用探讨     

杨仁灿  沙茜  胡清泉  常雅洁  赵智勇 《现代农业科技》2021,7(7)

随着我国畜牧业发展,大量病死畜禽尸体造成了严重环境污染和公共安全问题。病死畜禽尸体也是潜在的生物质能源,因此对于病死畜禽的处理方式的导向应该是无害化与资源化结合。通过归纳我国对病死畜禽的处理方式的特点及存在问题,建议完善补偿机制,合理选择处理方法,推广堆肥发酵法、高温生物降解法等可实现资源化利用的方法,研发资源化利用的新技术,保障产品安全性。  相似文献   

A spatial risk assessment of bighorn sheep extirpation by grazing domestic sheep on public lands     

Tim E. Carpenter  Victor L. Coggins  Clinton McCarthy  Chans S. O’Brien  Joshua M. O’Brien  Timothy J. Schommer 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Bighorn sheep currently occupy just 30% of their historic distribution, and persist in populations less than 5% as abundant overall as their early 19th century counterparts. Present-day recovery of bighorn sheep populations is in large part limited by periodic outbreaks of respiratory disease, which can be transmitted to bighorn sheep via contact with domestic sheep grazing in their vicinity. In order to assess the viability of bighorn sheep populations on the Payette National Forest (PNF) under several alternative proposals for domestic sheep grazing, we developed a series of interlinked models. Using telemetry and habitat data, we characterized herd home ranges and foray movements of bighorn sheep from their home ranges. Combining foray model movement estimates with known domestic sheep grazing areas (allotments), a Risk of Contact Model estimated bighorn sheep contact rates with domestic sheep allotments. Finally, we used demographic and epidemiologic data to construct population and disease transmission models (Disease Model), which we used to estimate bighorn sheep persistence under each alternative grazing scenario. Depending on the probability of disease transmission following interspecies contact, extirpation probabilities for the seven bighorn sheep herds examined here ranged from 20% to 100%. The Disease Model allowed us to assess the probabilities that varied domestic sheep management scenarios would support persistent populations of free-ranging bighorn sheep.  相似文献   

Optimizing the use of breed types in developing country livestock production systems: a neglected research area     

K. Marshall 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2014,131(5):329-340

Developing country livestock production systems are diverse and dynamic, and include those where existing indigenous breeds are currently optimal and likely to remain so, those where non‐indigenous breed types are already in common use, and systems that are changing, such as by intensification, where the introduction of new breed types represents significant opportunities. These include opportunities to improve the livelihood of the world's poor, increase food and nutrition security and enhance environmental sustainability. At present, very little research has focused on this issue, such that significant knowledge gaps in relation to breed‐change interventions remain. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of this issue and suggests strategic research areas to begin filling these knowledge gaps. Such strategic research would include (i) assessing the impact of differing breed types in developing country livestock productions systems, from a range of viewpoints including intrahousehold livelihood benefit, food and nutrition security at different scales, and environmental sustainability; (ii) identification of specific livestock production systems within developing countries, and the type of livestock keepers within these system, that are most likely to benefit from new breed types; and (iii) identification of new breed types as candidates for in‐situ testing within these systems, such as through the use of spatial analysis to identify similar production environments combined with community acceptance studies. Results of these studies would primarily assist stakeholders in agriculture, including both policy makers and livestock keepers, to make informed decisions on the potential use of new breed types.  相似文献   

Admixture analysis in relation to pedigree studies of introgression in a minority British cattle breed: the Lincoln Red     

T.C. Bray  S.J.G. Hall  M.W. Bruford 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2014,131(1):19-26

Investigation of historic population processes using molecular data has been facilitated by the use of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), which enables the consideration of multiple alternative demographic scenarios. The Lincoln Red cattle breed provides a relatively simple example of two well‐documented admixture events. Using molecular data for this breed, we found that structure did not resolve very low (<5% levels) of introgression, possibly due to sampling limitations. We evaluated the performance of two ABC approaches (2BAD and DIYABC) against those of two earlier methodologies, ADMIX and LEADMIX, by comparing their interpretations with the conclusions drawn from herdbook analysis. The ABC methods gave credible values for the proportions of the Lincoln Red genotype that are attributable to Aberdeen Angus and Limousin, although estimates of effective population size and event timing were not realistic. We suggest ABC methods are a valuable supplement to pedigree‐based studies but that the accuracy of admixture determination is likely to diminish with increasing complexity of the admixture scenario.  相似文献   

规模养猪场粪污综合治理和利用技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

严小东  凌钦润  袁成进 《广西农学报》2014,(1):45-49

近年来,养猪业的规模化发展与伴随而来的环境污染矛盾日益加剧,如何综合处理规模养猪场的粪污,实现污染物资源化利用,成为当前一项十分重要而紧迫的科研任务。文章以防城港市5个具有代表性的规模猪场为例,在考虑容量化控制和科学合理布局粪污处理设施的基础上,通过对各猪场排泄粪污采用雨污分流、干湿分离、污水处理等技术综合治理,并对经处理粪污进行资源化利用效益分析,探讨规模化猪场粪污综合治理的有效技术措施。  相似文献   

规模化畜禽养殖场粪便养分数据空间化表征方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

阎波杰  潘瑜春 《农业机械学报》2014,45(11):154-158

针对目前进行规模化养殖场粪便养分分配,主要以行政单元为单位将规模化养殖统计数据总量按农田面积简单分配,认为所有的农用地之间都是均匀的,而忽视了农用地块之间存在差异性的问题,利用GIS空间分析技术,结合农用地地块间的空间差异性以及规模养殖畜禽粪便作为肥料施用的特殊性,构建了规模化畜禽养殖统计数据空间化算法,并结合农用地最大养分负荷,实现从规模畜禽养殖统计数据到区域畜禽粪便养分供给的空间化转换,最后以福州市闽侯县上街镇为例进行了算法的实际应用。结果表明研究区农用地氮、磷最大养分负荷分别为169.994 kg/hm2和34.973 kg/hm2。无论是畜禽养殖粪便氮养分还是磷养分,都未超过算法设定的阈值。  相似文献   

美国畜禽屠宰检疫制度介绍     

李卫华  刘俊辉  郝峰强  孙江东  李昂  路平  张衍海  郑增忍 《中国动物检疫》2014,31(8):10-13

国务院调整畜禽屠宰管理职能后,畜禽屠宰行业由农业部负责管理,生猪屠宰检疫管理制度亟待进一步完善。本文介绍了美国畜禽屠宰检疫的法律依据、管理体制、检疫人员、检疫的内容和程序,以及检疫出证等内容,希望可以为我国屠宰检疫制度建设提供参考。  相似文献